Bibliometric analysis of drug package insert adaptation for the elderly based on Web of Science / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the hotspots of aging adaptation of drug package inserts， and to provide evidence for the development of aging adaptation of drug package inserts in China. METHODS The relevant English literature on drug package inserts for the elderly published from 2012 to 2022 was retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection； bibliometric analysis was performed by using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software， to explore research hotspots in this field， and summarize obstacles and solutions for the development of this field. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This study collected a total of 335 literature related to the aging adaption of drug package inserts， from 819 research institutions in 51 countries （regions）， involving 2 174 authors. The research development of drug package insert adaptation for the elderly has slowed down in the past decade， and developed countries such as the United States and Japan dominate this field. Authors such as Wolf from Northwestern University in the United States， have the largest number of publications（12 literature）. The research focuses in this field include the risk management of medication for the elderly， the updating of medication information for the elderly in drug package inserts， and the understanding and compliance of the elderly with drug package inserts and their influencing factors. The solutions to related obstacles in the development of aging adaption in drug package inserts include improving the visibility and readability of drug package inserts， filling in the information on elderly medication in drug package inserts， and so on. China can learn from the experiences and methods of other countries， conduct investigations into the influencing factors of elderly package inserts and pharmacokinetic studies based on the characteristics of the Chinese population， and improve the safety of medication for elderly patients in multiple dimensions.

Development of a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale and the assessment of its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale (SAS) and to assess its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity.@*METHODS@#The Brislin model was used to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross culturally adapt the SAS. A total of 323 multimorbidity patients selected by convenience sampling method from four hospitals in Zhejiang province. The critical ratio method, total question correlation method, and graded response model (item characteristic curve and item discrimination) were used for item analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used for the reliability analysis. Content validity analysis, structural validity analysis, and criterion association validity analysis were performed by expert scoring method, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient method, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The Chinese version of the SAS contained 2 dimensions of resilience and thriving, with a total of 10 items. In the item analysis, the critical ratio method showed that the critical ratio of all items was greater than 3.0 (P<0.001); the correlation coefficient method showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients for all items exceeded 0.4 (P<0.01). The graded response model showed that items of the revised scale exhibited distinct item characteristic curves and all items had discrimination parameters exceeding 1.0. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the revised Chinese version of the SAS scale was 0.849, and the split-half reliability was 0.873. In the validity analysis, the item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index both exceeded 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the revised two-factor model showed satisfactory fit indices (χ2/df=3.115, RMSEA=0.081, RMR=0.046, GFI=0.937, AGFI=0.898, CFI=0.936, TLI=0.915). In the criterion-related validity analysis, the Chinese version of the SAS score was negatively correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, with correlation coefficients of －0.592 and －0.482, respectively (both P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Chinese version of the SAS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the stress adaption capacity among multimorbidity patients in China, and provides a reference for developing individualized health management measures.

Paternal adaptation and role attainment: A concept analysis

@#Becoming a parent is a significant life transition accompanied by various experiences and emotions that may be both fulfilling and rewarding, as well as challenging and stressful for both the mother and father. Mercer's theory of becoming a mother provides a framework for mothers' adaptation and role attainment throughout the perinatal period. However, a theoretical gap exists surrounding fathers' adaptability and role attainment, as fathers are frequently forgotten, and their experiences are overlooked. Although becoming a father can be a rewarding or satisfying experience that results in positive changes in men's lives, some fathers experience concerns and contradictions as a result of a shift in their roles, responsibilities, and social expectations, which result in maladaptation and mental health challenges. Given the significance of fathers in the family, community, and society, this concept analysis aimed to bridge the gap by proposing a theory that will guide fathers in successfully adapting to and reaching a solid role identity. The concept analysis methodology from Walker and Avant (2011) was utilized to define the concept of paternal adaptation and role attainment, attributes, antecedents, consequences, cases, and empirical referents. This paper concludes that perinatal fathers' adaptability and role attainment improve psycho-emotional, cognitive, relational, and behavioral outcomes, improving paternal-maternal-infant quality of life and developmental products when influenced by positive personal resources, adequate family, friends support, and community resources. Given the implications of paternal maladaptation on the family, a theoretical framework for fathers is crucial. Hence, the theory of paternal adaptation and role attainment is proposed.

Coping moderates the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and stress in men during the Covid-19 pandemic / El enfrentamiento modera la relación entre intolerancia a la incertidumbre y estrés en hombres durante la pandemia de Covid-19 / O enfrentamento modera a relação entre intolerância à incerteza e estresse em homens durante a pandemia de Covid-19

Abstract Objective: To test the explanatory power of coping strategies and intolerance of uncertainty on men's perceived stress levels and test the moderating role of coping strategies in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This was an online cross-sectional study in which 1,006 men living in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic participated. Participants were recruited using a snowball sampling technique and completed a questionnaire containing measures of all study variables. Data were examined using a correlation and a regression analysis. Results: Intolerance of uncertainty (β = .51) and refusal (β = .15) positively predicted perceived stress, whereas control (β = -.31) and isolation (β = -.06) negatively predicted it. Together, these variables explained 52% of men's perceived stress (p < .001). Isolation and social support lessened the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and stress (p < .001). Conclusion: Men high in intolerance of uncertainty and refusal were more vulnerable to stress during the pandemic. However, coping helped mitigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress, thus being a promising psychosocial intervention in this context.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Testar el poder explicativo de las estrategias de enfrentamiento e intolerancia a la incertidumbre en los niveles de estrés notados por los hombres y testar el rol moderador de las estrategias de enfrentamiento en la relación entre la intolerancia a la incertidumbre y el estrés notado durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Estudio transversal online del cual participaron 1.006 hombres que vivían en Brasil durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Los participantes fueron seleccionados por medio de una técnica de muestreo en bola de nieve y rellenaron un cuestionario conteniendo medidas de todas las variables del estudio. Los datos fueron examinados utilizando correlación y análisis de regresión. Resultados: Intolerancia a la incertidumbre (β = 0,51) y rechazo (β = 0,.15) hicieron un pronóstico positivo al estrés notado, mientras el control (β = −0,31) y el aislamiento (β = −0,06) lo pronosticaron negativamente. Juntas, esas variables explicaron 52% del estrés percibido por los hombres (p< 0,001). El aislamiento y el apoyo social disminuyeron la relación entre la intolerancia a la incertidumbre y el estrés (p < .001). Conclusión: Hombres con alta intolerancia a la incertidumbre y rechazo eran más vulnerables al estrés durante la pandemia. Sin embargo, el enfrentamiento ayudó a amenizar la relación entre la intolerancia a la incertidumbre y el estrés notado, por lo que fue una intervención psicosocial promisora en ese contexto.

RESUMO Objetivo: Testar o poder explicativo das estratégias de enfrentamento e intolerância à incerteza nos níveis de estresse percebidos pelos homens e testar o papel moderador das estratégias de enfrentamento na relação entre a intolerância à incerteza e o estresse percebido durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Estudo transversal online do qual participaram 1.006 homens que moravam no Brasil durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Os participantes foram recrutados por meio de uma técnica de amostragem em bola de neve e preencheram um questionário contendo medidas de todas as variáveis do estudo. Os dados foram examinados usando uma correlação e uma análise de regressão. Resultados: Intolerância à incerteza (β = 0,51) e recusa (β = 0,.15) previram positivamente o estresse percebido, enquanto o controle (β = −0,31) e o isolamento (β = -0,06) previram-no negativamente. Juntas, essas variáveis explicaram 52% do estresse percebido pelos homens (p< 0,001). O isolamento e o apoio social diminuíram a relação entre a intolerância à incerteza e o estresse (p < .001). Conclusão: Homens com alta intolerância à incerteza e recusa eram mais vulneráveis ao estresse durante a pandemia. No entanto, o enfrentamento ajudou a amenizar a relação entre a intolerância à incerteza e o estresse percebido, sendo uma intervenção psicossocial promissora nesse contexto.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the CaSPUN (Cancer Survivors' Partners Unmet Needs) measure among partners of gynecological cancers

@#PURPOSE: The partners of cancer patients commonly provide the needs of cancer patients along cancer trajectory except for patients with gynecological cancer. In developing countries including Indonesia, who have strong family bonding, the family of cancer patients are involved more intensely in providing cancer care. This situation may bring the cancer patients' families experience the burden and decrease their quality of life. Therefore, assessing the family's supportive needs are as important as patient supportive needs. There are more gynecological cancer survivors in Indonesia; however, little is recognized about partners' supportive needs due to lack of validated assessment tools to measure it. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapted and test the validity and reliability of the CaSPUN questionnaire among partner of Indonesia gynecological cancer patients. DESIGN: First, the procedures of forward-backward translation and modification of the CaSPUN were conducted to ensure cultural adaptation. Second, using convenience sampling with 295 partners of gynecological cancer patients, we tested the construct validity and internal consistency of the CaSPUN-Indonesia Version (CaSPUN-I). We conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis to explore the factor structure of CaSPUN-I and Cronbach Alpha to confirm internal consistency reliability. RESULTS: The CaSPUN were modified to make more understandable and culturally appropriate in the Indonesian context. Five factors were extracted from EFA in the CaSPUN-I with factor loadings of items between 0.41 and 0.85. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CaSPUN-I ranged from 0.96-0.97. CONCLUSION: The CaSPUN Indonesia version presents acceptable validity and reliability for assessing supportive care needs among families of Indonesian gynecological cancer patients. The CaSPUN-I can be used by healthcare providers to assess and design the supportive care program for family of Indonesia gynecological cancer patients.

The finish line location of the cemented crown is an influencing factor for tensile bond strength, marginal adaption and nanoleakage? / A localização do término marginal em coroas cimentadas é um fator que influencia a resistência à tração, adaptação marginal e nanoinfiltração?

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different crowns finishing line location on the crown tensile bond strength, marginal adaption and nanoleakage. Material and Methods: Sixty healthy third molars were collected. For tensile bond strength, a self-adhesive resin cement was used. For marginal adaption, epoxy resin models were prepared. Prior to tensile bond strength test, images for the epoxy resin models were measured under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoleakage was measured using same protocol. Failure mode was evaluated through SEM and classified: adhesive failure, cohesive in cement, cohesive in dentin, cohesive in resin composite, cohesive in enamel, and mixed. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov normality tests, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni (posthoc) parametric test, with significance level of 5% (P < .05), Spearman correlation test. Results: tensile bond strength was not statistically different between the cemented groups with composite resin and ceramic. Cementation of ceramic was not statistically different between the groups (enamel, 3.28 Pa; dentin, 3.14 Pa; resin, 2.85 Pa). Marginal adaption was statistically different between resin and ceramic; finish line location varied between enamel and resin (175.91 µm vs. 433.58 µm). Nanoleakage rate was statistically different among all groups, except for resin: with resin (9.49%) and ceramic (9.35%). There was a predominance of adhesive failure in all groups. Conclusion: finish line location can be performed safely in enamel and dentin. Composite resinas substrate present an alternative, but still need to be more studied. Regarding the crown's material, it is possible to perform a satisfatory restoration in both: resin and ceramic. With ceramics presenting better results. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da localização do término marginal na cimentação de coroas, na resistência à tração, adaptação marginal e nanoinfiltração, de acordo com os fatores: término marginal (dentina, esmalte e resina composta), e material restaurador (resina composta e cerâmica). Material e Métodos: Foram coletados 60 terceiros molares hígidos. Para o teste de resistência à tração, todas as amostras foram praparadas com término em chanfro e um cimento resinoso autoadesivo foi utilizado para a cimentação. Para a avaliação da adaptação marginal, foram confeccionados modelos em resina epóxica da linha de cimentação das amostras, previamente ao teste de tração, e submetidas à avaliação em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), para obtenção de imagens que posteriormente foram mensuradas. Para a nanoinfiltração, foram confeccionados fragmentos dos substratos e materiais restauradores, que foram cimentados com o mesmo protocolo. As amostras/imagens foram obtidas em MEV e mensurada a área infiltrada. O padrão de fratura foi avaliado através de imagens obtidas no MEV e classificados em: falha adesiva, coesiva em cimento, coesiva em dentina, coesiva em resina composta, coesiva em esmalte e mista. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando os testes de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk e Kolmogorov Smirnov, ANOVA a dois fatores, teste paramétrico Bonferroni (post-hoc), com nível de significância de 5% (P <0,05), teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: a resistência à tração não foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos cimentados com resina composta e cerâmica. A cimentação da cerâmica não foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos (esmalte, 3,28 Pa; dentina, 3,14 Pa; resina, 2,85 Pa). A adaptação marginal foi estatisticamente diferente entre resina e cerâmica; a localização da linha de chegada variou entre esmalte e resina (175,91 µm vs. 433,58 µm). Para a nanoinfiltração foi estatisticamente diferente entre todos os grupos, exceto a resina: com resina (9,49%) e cerâmica (9,35%). Houve predomínio de falha adesiva em todos os grupos. Conclusão: a localização da linha de chegada pode ser realizada com segurança no esmalte e dentina. O substrato em resina composta apresenta uma alternativa promissora, mas ainda precisa ser mais estudado. Em relação ao material da coroa, é possível realizar uma restauração satisfatória tanto em resina composta quanto em cerâmica. Sendo a cerâmica, o material que apresentou melhores resultados. (AU)

Relation of interpersonal adaptation to extraversion and self-control in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To explore the situation of interpersonal adaption and its relation to extroversion and self-control in college students. Methods: Totally 3125 college students (1497 males, 1628 females; age from 16 to24 years) were assessed with the interpersonal adaption dimension from China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS), Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Self-Control Scale (SCS). Results: The average score of interpersonal adaption was (33. 3 ± 3. 6). Regression analysis showed that extraversion and self-control positively predicted interpersonal adaption (β = 0. 25, 0. 08), interaction of extraversion and selfcontrol negatively predicted interpersonal adaption significantly (β =-0. 08). In the introvert group, the interpersonal adaption scores were higher in students with higher self-control scores than in those with lower self-control scores (P ＜ 0. 001). Conclusion: It suggests that college students have good interpersonal adaptation. Self-control may buffer the negative effect of low extraversion on interpersonal adaption.

Fermentation optimization based on cell self-adaptation to environmental stress - a review / 生物工程学报

In industrial fermentation processes, bacteria have to adapt environmental stresses. Sometimes, such a self-adaption does not work and will cause fermentation failures, although such adaptation also can generate unexpected positive effects with improved fermentation performance. Our review introduces cell self-adaption to environmental variations or stress, process optimization based on such self-adaptions, with heterologous proteins production by Pichia pastoris and butanol fermentation as examples. Our review can sever as reference for fermentation optimization based on cell self-adaption.

Responsiveness of Chinese version of Neck Outcome Score in subjects with neck pain / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To analyze responsiveness of Chinese version of Neck Outcome Score (NOOS-C) and provide a reliable measure to assess intervention effect for patients with neck pain. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of NOOS was performed according to the Beaton's guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Eighty patients with neck pain were recruited between September 2016 and May 2017. Those patients were assessed using NOOS-C and Chinese version of Neck Disability Index (NDI) before and after intervention. And 71 patients completed those questionnaires. The statistic differences of the score of each subscale and the total scale before and after intervention were evaluated by paired-samples t test. Internal responsiveness was determined by effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) based on the calculated difference before and after intervention. External responsiveness was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The differences in symptom subscale, sleep disturbance subscale, participating in everyday life subscale, every day activity and pain subscale, and the scale between before and after intervention were significant ( P0.05). The difference of NDI-C before and after intervention was -12.11%±17.45%, ES was 0.77, and SRM was 0.69. The difference of NOOS-C before and after intervention was 13.74±17.22, ES was 0.83, and SRM was 0.80. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the relativity about NOOS-C and NDI-C before and after intervention were both negative ( r=-0.914, P=0.000; r=-0.872, P=0.000). Conclusion: NOOS-C's responsiveness is good.

Acculturative stress status of international medical students in China and the influencing on mental health / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the acculturative stress and the mental health status of international medical students in China and the influence of cross cultural adaptation to mental health. Methods A investigate to international medical students in Fujian Province with Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (ASSIS) and self-designed general information questionnaire, using multivariate linear regression to identity influencing factors of mental health. Results The average score of the acculturative stress was 2.63 ± 0.81. The univariate analysis demonstrated that relative factors for the acculturative stress was the time for staying in China ( P<0.01). The average score of the mental health was 2.10±0.83, obviously higher than that of Chinese models (P<0.01). The univariate analysis demonstrated that relative factors for the mental health included gender (P=0.020), age (P=0.002), time for staying in China (P=0.000) and degree (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis also further showed that gender (P=0.000), age (P=0.000) , the time for staying in China (P=0.000), perceived discrimination (P=0.002), fear (P=0.000), homesickness (P=0.000), culture shock (P=0.000), hostility (P=0.000) and the stress (P=0.000) had a significantly influence on mental health. Conclusions International medical students face a greater cross-cultural adaptation of the pressure, which had a significant impact on their mental health. International Student Management Office shall provide more help and psychological support for the international medical students, and establish the mechanism of management of students, establish feasible model of psychological health education.

Association of family function and quality of life of multiple myeloma patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To study the association of family function and their quality and of life of multiple myeloma patients. Method The WHOQUL-BREF and FACES-CV were used to investigate their quality of life and family intimacy and adaption among 92 patients with multiple myeloma. Results The score on family intimacy was (62.51±10.52)and the score on the family adaption (45.51±10.46).The score on family intimacy was significantly lower than the norm(P<0.05).The scores on family intimacy and adaption were positively correlated with the score on quality of life(r=0.527,0.555,P<0.001). Conclusions The family function and quality of life are both at a lower level,positively correlated.Nurses should actively find a way to the problems so that the patients face the disease, promoting the connections between family members and enhancing their quality of life by using social resources.

Advances in reverse genetics to treat porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / 生物工程学报

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the major etiologies responsible for the acute, highly contagious disease in the digestive tract of pigs, especially neonatal piglets. Since PEDV was first identified in Europe in the late 1970s, it has resulted in significant economic losses in many Asian swine-raising countries, including China. Recently, reverse genetics techniques including targeted RNA recombination, bacteria artificial chromosome system and in vitro ligation have been successfully used to manipulate the genome of PEDV, which providing new strategies for the clear delineation of the functions of the viral proteins, the mechanisms behind PEDV pathogenesis and the design of novel vaccines against PEDV. Here, we review the progresses of different reverse genetics platforms developed for PEDV and their applications, covering the roles of trypsin in PEDV propagation, functions of S and ORF3 protein and the development of next generation PED vaccines, and the perspectives of reverse genetics for PEDV.

The application and effect evaluation of standard operation procedure (SOP) teaching in surgical practice teaching of local medical college / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To discuss the application and effect evaluation of the standard operation procedure ( SOP ) teaching method during applying surgical practice teaching in local medical college . Method 123 undergraduate students from Grade 2011 clinical medical major in Medical College of Shaoguan University were selected as objects of study. The students were divided into test (odd) group and control (even) group by draw. The two groups were taught by the same teachers, while the SOP method was applied to the test group (n=62) and the traditional surgical clinical teaching method was applied to the control group (n=61). Meanwhile, we used a combined method of the formative assessment and final assess-ment to compare and analyze the teaching feedback. After their graduate internship, we compared their autonomous study capability, clinical evaluation thought, normativity of the operation and capability in their intern positions as well as the degree of satisfaction of the test of two groups by doing a survey among them. All these were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software, and t test was used to compare two groups' measurement in-formation and count data with chi-square. Results The comprehensive evaluation scores of the test group were significantly higher than the control group, in which the margin was of statistical value [(79.394 ± 8.049) vs. (71.703±10.462), t=39.632, P=0.000]. The percentage of excellence of the test group was signif-icantly higher than the control group, in which the margin was of statistical value (59.68% vs. 39.35%, χ2=5.082, P=0.024). The percentage of failure of the test group was lower than the group taught by the tradi-tional method, in which the margin was of statistical value (3.22%vs. 16.39%, χ2=4.652, P=0.031). Its for-mative assessment result on the evaluation of the experimental teaching process and summative assessment scores were higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [formative scores points: (46.018 ±5.749) vs. (42.771 ±6.459), t=19.445, P=0.000; summative scores: (33.659 ±3.437) vs. (29.063±4.366), t=36.249, P=0.000]. As far as their clinical graduate internship adaptation capabilities were concerned, students from the test group had more satisfaction on the teaching feedback over 4 perspectives than the other group, in which the margin was of statistical value. Experimental groups' satisfaction showed that: 93.55% of students thought the standard operation procedure (SOP) teaching method was beneficial to improving their clinical practice skills, 91.94%thought that it improved their surgical clinical work ability to adapt, 85.48% thought it helped to cultivate their surgical clinical thinking and innovation ability. Conclusions The SOP teaching method in surgical practice teaching helps to enhance students' clinical operation and adaptation capability and promote the teaching quality.

Development of clinical practice guidelines for the management of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To develop the clinical practice guidelines for the management of medication adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in China. Methods The development methods included qualitative interview of 31 stakeholders, questionnaire survey of 423 PLHIV, adaptation of 30 clinical practice guidelines related to AIDS care, and overviews of reviews of 44 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis. Results 10 clinical practice guidelines and 10 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis were included. The clinical practice guidelines for the management of HAART were formed. Conclusions The formed clinical practice guidelines showed better applicability and higher general quality. It is recommended to use the guidelines in AIDS care.

Effect of Assistive Device Adaption on Quality of Life of People with Disabilities / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the effect of assistive device adaption on quality of life of people with disabilities in 2 districts in Shanghai. Methods A survey on disabled people's quality of life was conducted in 2 districts in Shanghai in September, 2011. A total of 326 people with disabilities completed the SF-12 Questionnaire. Results Assistive device adaption significantly improved their quality of life (P< 0.001). The shorter the years of being disabled was, and the lower the income was, the better the improvement of physical health and psychological health was. Conclusion An early-intervention and constant-revisit service system should be established. More attention should be paid to the low-income family which has disabled members. It is needed to improve the tools for assessment of quality of life of people with disabilities.

Effects of Assistive Device Adaption on Activities of Disabled Persons in Shanghai / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the effects of assistive devices adaption on activities of disabled persons in 2 districts in Shanghai. Methods 326 disabled persons who accepted the assistive devices adaption in 2 districts in Shanghai in September, 2011, were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire. Results Limb disability was the most of these disabled people, and 2/3 of them stayed in disabled condition more than 10 years. More than 70% of them agreed that assistive devices adaption improved their activities and more than 80% of them were satisfied with the effect of barrier-free remodification. Limb disabled persons benefited from the significant improvement of activities. Conclusion Assistive devices adaption is important to improve the activities of disabled persons.

Regeneration and functional recovery of rabbit knee joint after osteotomy under control of external artificial joint / 医用生物力学

Objective To discuss the possibility for regeneration of knee joint with normal function under bionics biomechanical environment. Methods Seven normal rabbits with two metal frames respectively mounted on their femur and tibia of single (right) side leg by two threading pins of 1.5 mm diameter were used. Then the external artificial joints, containing two four-bar-linkage inside and outside of the knee to simulate motion trajectory of the joint in sagital plane were connected with the two preset fixed frames before osteotomy. The arthro-cartilage of the knee joint, crucial ligaments, semi-lunar fibro-cartilages, and partial under-cartilage-osseous intra articular capsule were cut off during osteotomy, with the patella, sesamoid bones remained intact. Insertion sites of muscle tendons were not invaded as far as possible, and capsules with ligaments outside were kept complete when the incision wound was closed by suture. The rabbits could move freely after osteotomy. The range of motion (ROM) of the knees in sagital plane and bony gap between the femur and tibia were measured by X-Ray films during the fracture healing after osteotomy. Results External artificial knee joints were successfully installed on right legs of 6 rabbits among the seven. The rabbits moved freely after osteotomy under the control of minimal invasive external artificial joint in bionics trajectory. The average angles between femoral shaft and tibial shaft at the 1st week after osteotomy were from (144.7±15.62)° in extremely flexed position to (44.2±25.77)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (100.5±29.03)°. At the 12th week, the average angles were from (139.4 ± 12.92)° in extremely flexed position to (40.4±22.04)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (99.0±23.39)°. No significant differences were displayed in flexed/extended position and ROM between the 1st and 12th week, with the bony gaps of the knees still existed but decreased significantly from (4.03±1.84) mm at the 1st week to (2.32±1.05) mm at the 12th week. In contrast, bony gaps of the opposite knees were not changed significantly, which were (1.27±0.22) mm on average. At the end of 16th week after osteotomy, the external artificial joints were removed. Newly born cartilage, with white color and smooth surface, were covered at lower end of the femur and upper end of the tibia. Typical trochlear surface appeared at the front side of regenerated cartilage corresponding to the posterior surface of the patella. And the regenerated fibro-bundle linkage similar with ligament, which started from bony structure of regenerated lower end of the femur and inserted into regenerated upper end of the tibia, was observed in each rabbit. At the 25th week, the average angles between femoral shaft and tibial shaft were from (148.3 ± 4.75)° in extremely flexed position to (48.30±17.57)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (100.0±20.80)°. In the opposite (left) leg, the average angles between femoral shaft and tibial shaft were from (148.3±7.5)° in extremely flexed position to (21.6±9.09)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (126.7±6.88)°, and the average bony gap of the knees after osteotomy was (1.4±0.59) mm, while that of the opposite (left) knees was (0.92±0.35) mm. Conclusions The external artificial joint with bionics trajectory could reserve the space for regeneration of rabbit knee joint by providing motion modeling environment, and proved the stress adaption during fracture healing. The present results indicated that regeneration of the knee joint after intra-capsular osteotomy in bionics biomechanical environment was possible.

Changes of glucagon-like peptide-2 expression in serum and ileum after colectomy in rats / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the effect of colectomy on the expression of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in serum and ileum and compare the changes of GLP-2 after different colectomy in rats.Methods Eighty male or female rats,aging 3-4 months old,were recruited in this study.The rats weight 180-250 g.The 80 rats were evenly and randomly distributed into 4 groups according to the surgical procedures they underwent:control group,in which the rats were not performed any procedures; sham surgery group,in which the rats underwent laparotomy ;left hemicolectomy group,in which the rats were performed left hemicolectomy;and subtotal colectomy group,in which the rats were performed subtotal colectomy.According to execution time,each group had 4 subgroups,including 0 day group,10 day group,20 day group and 30 day group,and 5 rats were included in each subgroup.The whole blood was collected through cardiac puncture.Serum was collected and GLP-2 in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The GLP-2 in ileum was studied by immunohistochemistry staining.The length of villus of ileum was also measured by HE staining.Results The protein of GLP-2 was found in fibroblasts,epithelium and endocrine cells in ileum.Compared with control group and sham surgery group,the expressions of GLP-2 in serum and ileum increased significantly in the rats that underwent left hemicolectomy after surgery(all P ＜ 0.05),and it was increasing with time.The villus length of the rats underwent left hemicolectomy also increased significantly compared with the control group and sham surgery groups 20 days and 30 days after surgery(all P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of GLP-2 in serun and ileum and villus length of the rats with subtotal colectomy were not significantly different from those of the control group and sham surgery group(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expressions of GLP-2 in serum and ileum are elevated after left hemicolectomy but not in subtotal colectomy,which may be related to the delayed intestinal adaption after colectomy.

Research on the acculturation of Pakistani medical students in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The article analyzed the impact of cultural differences factors and non-cultural factors on cross-cultural adaptation of Pakistani medical students from the following aspects:daily habits,language,religion,values,China's laws and regulations,service mode of social life,curriculum setting,universities' management mode,adolescent growth factors,learning methods and learning ability,higher education and primary education teaching methods,difference between traditional and modern Chinese.Some recommendations were given from several aspects,such as enrollment,management,policy formulation and adolescent education.

Screening of a High Growth Influenza B Virus Strain in Vero Cells / 中国病毒学·英文版

Due to the insufficient supply of embryonated chicken eggs,the preparation of large quantities of inactivated influenza vaccines will require an alternative virus culture system after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus.The Vero cell is one of the ideal options since it was used for producing many kinds of human vaccines.However,most of the influenza viruses can not grow well in Vero cells.To develop a new influenza vaccine with Vero cells as a substrate,the virus needs to adapt to this cell substrate to maintain high growth characteristics.By serial passages in Vero cells,the B/Yunnan/2/2005va(B)strain was successfully adapted to Vero cells,with the hemagglutination titer(HAT)of the virus reaching 1:512.The high growth characteristic of this strain is stable up to 21 passages.The strain was identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI)test and sequencing respectively;the HA;gene sequence of the virus was cloned and analyzed.The screening and establishment of high growth B virus provides an important tool for influenza vaccine production in Vero cells.