Latent profile analysis of college students short form video addiction / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the latent categories and general demographic characteristics of short form video addiction among college students, so as to provide empirical reference for prevention and intervention of short form video addiction among college students.@*Methods@#Convenience sampling method was used to select 1 386 college students from a certain university in Anhui Province in June 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted among college students by using the Short Video Addiction Scale. The latent profile analysis method of "individual center" was used to explore the categories of college students short form video addiction, and multiple Logistic regression was used to explore the influence of demographic variables on the latent classification of short form video addiction.@*Results@#College students with short form video addiction were divided into three latent categories:non addiction group (22.15%, n =307), low addiction group (63.28%, n =877) and high addiction group (14.57%, n =202). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, major type and family location were related with short form video addiction among college students:male students (low addiction group: OR =0.47; high addiction group: OR =0.41), cultural and historical majors (low addiction group: OR =0.66), and students from cities (high addiction group: OR =0.51) were less likely to be involved in short form video addiction ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is significant group heterogeneity in short form video addiction among college students. Families, schools and society should attach importance and pay attention to the phenomenon of short form video addiction among college students, actively take targeted intervention measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of short form video addiction symptoms among college students.

Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction in COVID-19 nursing students / Relación entre depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería durante la COVID-19 / Relação entre depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem na COVID-19

Objective: to verify the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction in COVID-19 nursing students. Method: this was a descriptive-analytical study of 206 nursing students. A sociodemographic characterization and smartphone use instrument adapted from the literature and the following scales Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Smartphone Addiction Inventory were used for data collection. Sociodemographic data and smartphone use were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of smartphone addiction among nursing students was 129 (62.6%) and there was a relationship between symptoms of moderate depression (p=0.049), severe/very severe depression (p=0.005) and mild anxiety (p=0.028) and severe/very severe anxiety (p=0.019) and smartphone addiction. Conclusion: the data show that the construction and implementation of smartphone use policies in the academic and hospital context to prevent smartphone addiction and control associated risk factors is necessary.

Objetivo: verificar la relación entre síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería durante la COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo-analítico realizado con 206 estudiantes de enfermería. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y uso del smartphone adaptado de la literatura y las siguientes escalas: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale y Smartphone Addiction Inventory. Los datos sociodemográficos y el uso del smartphone se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y la relación entre síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone se analizó mediante la regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería fue de 129 (62,6%) y hubo relación entre síntomas de depresión moderada (p=0,049), grave/muy grave (p=0,005) y ansiedad leve (p=0,028) y grave/muy grave (p=0,019) y dependencia del smartphone. Conclusión: los datos revelan que la construcción e implementación de políticas de uso del smartphone en el contexto académico y hospitalario para la prevención de la dependencia del smartphone y el control de los factores de riesgo asociados son necesarias.

Objetivo: verificar a relação entre sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem na COVID-19. Método: estudo descritivo-analítico realizado com 206 estudantes de enfermagem. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados um instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e uso do smartphone adaptado da literatura e as seguintes escalas: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e Smartphone Addiction Inventory. Os dados sociodemográficos e o uso do smartphone foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e a relação entre sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone foi analisada a partir de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: a prevalência de dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem foi de 129 (62,6%) e houve relação entre sintomas de depressão moderada (p=0,049), grave/muito grave (p=0,005) e ansiedade leve (p=0,028) e grave/muito grave (p=0,019) e dependência de smartphone. Conclusão: os dados revelam que a construção e a implementação de políticas de uso do smartphone no contexto acadêmico e hospitalar para prevenção da dependência de smartphone e controle dos fatores de risco associados são necessárias.

Hiperconectados: las niñas, los niños y los adolescentes en las redes sociales. El fenómeno de TikTok / Hyperconnected: children and adolescents on social media. The TikTok phenomenon

Las plataformas digitales de comunicación en red revolucionaron el modo de comunicarnos, informarnos y entretenernos; impactaron principalmente en las nuevas generaciones. La pandemia incrementó los patrones de consumo en todas las edades y sus consecuencias: sedentarismo; obesidad; alteraciones del sueño, psicológicas, cognitivas, de la memoria/atención, del rendimiento académico; comportamientos problemáticos y riesgos de ciberacoso. La actividad de las nuevas generaciones en TikTok ­una plataforma donde pueden crear, visualizar, compartir videos y retos virales­ tiene impacto en su comportamiento. Sus publicaciones generan aprobaciones, comentarios y seguidores; esto estimula el circuito dopaminérgico de recompensa, que es la base de los comportamientos adictivos. El pediatra debe conocer estas conductas para recomendar buenas prácticas de uso. Esta revisión narrativa, basada en bibliografía de PubMed Central, SciELO, recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales, tiene como objetivo informar y actualizar a los profesionales sobre la plataforma, sus características y sus recomendaciones de uso seguro.

Network communication digital platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, get information, and entertain ourselves; they have had a major impact on the new generations. The pandemic has increased consumption patterns at all ages and its consequences: a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, sleep, psychological, cognitive, memory/attention, and academic performance disorders, problematic behaviors, and risks of cyberbullying. The activity of the new generations on TikTok ­a platform that allows them to create, view, share videos and viral challenges­ has affected their behavior. Their posts lead to likes, comments, and followers; this stimulates the dopaminergic reward system, which is the basis of addictive behaviors. Pediatricians should be aware of these behaviors in order to recommend good practices. The objective of this narrative review, based on the bibliography from PubMed Central, SciELO, national and international recommendations, is to provide information and an update to health care providers on TikTok, its characteristics, and the recommendations for safe use.

A Study on Internet and Gaming Addiction, Hikikomori Trait and Insomnia Status among Medical Undergraduates at one of Cities of Western India

Background: College students appear more vulnerable in developing a dependence on the internet. Individuals with hikikomori are frequently reported to have social contact predominantly via the internet. Objectives: To find the prevalence of Internet addiction, gaming Addiction, Hikikomori Trait and Insomnia amongst medical undergraduates and to study their association with various determinants. Methodology: The present Cross-Sectional study was conducted among first to final-year medical students studying at various medical colleges in Indian City from February to May 2021. Data collection was done after obtaining the ethical permission of the Institute. A total of 400 students who gave consent were sent an electronic questionnaire. Results: The mean age of study participants was 20 ± 1.58 years. Internet addiction was present in 189(47.2%) participants, gaming addiction in 128 (32%) students and Hikikomori Trait was found in 98(24.5%) students. There was a statistically significant association between different grades of insomnia and internet, gaming addiction, and hikikomori trait (<?0.0001) in the present study. Conclusion: Internet addiction was present in almost half of the medical students while gaming addiction was seen in nearly one third of the students. Male gender and hostel stay had a statistically significant association with internet addiction, gaming addiction, insomnia and hikikomori trait.

Conducta infiel y adicción a redes sociales en adultos de la selva peruana / Unfaithful behavior and addiction to social networks in adults from the Peruvian jungle

La adicción a las redes sociales potencia las probabilidades de infidelidad de pareja. Esta investi-gación tuvo el objetivo de determinar la relación entre conducta infiel y adicción a redes sociales en adultos de las áreas comerciales de Tarapoto, Lamas, San José de Sisa, Moyobamba y Naran-jos, región de la Amazonía Peruana, durante el primer cuatrimestre de 2021. Así, se desarrolló un estudio con diseño no experimental y tipo de investigación correlacional, en una muestra de 318 individuos con edades entre 20 y 40 años, a los que se aplicó el Inventario Multidimensional de Infidelidad y el Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales. El 62,3% de los participantes perteneció al sexo masculino, el 57,5% tenía edades entre 30 y 59 años, el 66,7% convivía con sus parejas sin estar casados y el 51,6% se encontraban en la segunda etapa de la relación de pareja. Existieron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto a la conducta infiel (U=6387,500; p<0,000). En este contexto, se observó un predominio del nivel medio de la adición a las redes sociales en los participantes y del bajo en las dimensiones de la conducta de infidelidad, estableciéndose correlación estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables.

Addiction to social networks increases the chances of partner infidelity. This research aimed to determine the relationship between unfaithful behavior and addiction to social networks in adults from the commercial areas of Tarapoto, Lamas, San José de Sisa, Moyobamba, and Naranjos, in the Peruvian Amazon region, during the first four-month period of 2021. Thus, a study with a non-experimental design and correlational research type was developed in a sample of 318 individuals between 20 and 40 years old. The Multidimensional Infidelity Inventory and the Social Networks Addiction Questionnaire were applied. 62.3% of the participants were male, 57.5% were between 30 and 59 years old, 66.7% lived with their partners without marria-ge, and 51.6% were in the second stage of the couple relationship. There were significant diffe-rences between men and women regarding unfaithful behavior (U=6387,500; p<0.000). In this context, a predominance of the medium level of addiction to social networks in the participants and the low level in the dimensions of infidelity behavior were observed, establishing a statisti-cally significant correlation between both variables.

Differences in dynamic functional connectivity density in individuals with light and heavy smoking addiction: a study based on functional MR / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes in dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD) and its relationship with Fagerstr?m test for nicotine dependence (FTND) scores in individuals with smoking addiction based on functional MR.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 176 volunteers recruited through wechat and other online platforms from September 2019 to December 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. The 176 volunteers were male, aged 20 to 55 years old, and were divided into light smoking addiction group (59 cases), heavy smoking addiction group (61 cases) and control group (56 cases). All subjects underwent resting state functional MR scanning and dFCD was calculated. The dFCD values of three groups were analyzed by ANOVA analysis (GRF corrected, voxel level P<0.005, cluster level P<0.01). Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparison. Pearson partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between dFCD values of brain regions with statistically significant differences and FTND scores. Results:Differences in dFCD among light smoking addiction group, heavy smoking addiction group and control group were mainly distributed in the right orbitofrontal cortex, left caudate nucleus, right putamen, bilateral calcarine sulcus cortex, right cuneus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left precuneus, left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral thalamus (GRF corrected, voxel level P<0.005, cluster level P<0.01). Compared with the control group, both the light and heavy smoking addiction groups showed decreased dFCD in the bilateral calcarine sulcus cortex, right cuneus and left precuneus, as well as increased dFCD in the right orbitofrontal cortex, right putamen, left caudate nucleus and left thalamus (Bonferroni corrected, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the heavy smoking addiction group showed increased dFCD in the right thalamus, and the light smoking addiction group showed decreased dFCD in the left middle temporal gyrus (Bonferroni corrected, P<0.001). Compared with the light smoking addiction group, the heavy smoking addiction group showed increased dFCD in the left middle temporal gyrus and right thalamus, and decreased dFCD in the left parahippocampal gyrus (Bonferroni corrected, P<0.05). The mean value of dFCD in the right thalamus was positively correlated with FTND scores in smoking addiction patients ( r=0.227, P=0.014), and the mean value of dFCD in the right thalamus of the heavy smoking addiction subgroup was positively correlated with FTND scores ( r=0.323, P=0.013). There was no correlation between FTND scores and dFCD in the right thalamus of the light smoking addiction group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:There are changes of neural activity in brain regions related to smoking behaviors among people with different severity of smoking addiction, and smoking behaviors of people with heavy smoking addiction tend to be habitual compared with those with light smoking addiction.

Co-occurrence trend and association study of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and depression of students, and to analyze the co-occurrence and trend, so as to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and controlling measures of Internet addiction and depression.@*Methods@#A total of 6 317,7 152,81 808,71 180 and 89 932 students aged 10 to 24 years from 12 leagues (103 banners) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected by stratified random cluster sampling in September each year from 2017 to 2021. The Internet Addiction Scale and the Central for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to measure Internet addiction and depression. And the annual inspection rate, group difference and annual change trend in students were calculated. Multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate the linear and non linear associations between Internet addiction and depression in students.@*Results@#The Internet addiction proportion in students gradually decreased from 4.1% in 2017 to 2.1% in 2020, but increased to 3.9% in 2021. And the depressive symptoms proportion increased from 20.9% in 2017 to 28.0% in 2020 and 27.0% in 2021. The detection rate of Internet addiction and depression comorbidities remained at 1.8% to 2.5 %. The Internet addiction proportion in boys was higher than that in girls( χ 2=42.82， P <0.05). The depressive symptoms prevalence in girls was higher than that in boys( χ 2= 553.90， P <0.05). Taking reversal in prevalence of Internet addiction in urban and rural areas was observed in 2019. The detection rates of depressive symptoms and comorbidity were higher in urban areas than these in suburban counties on the whole, and the difference showed a trend of decreasing or even equalizing year by year. Internet addiction was positively correlated with depressive symptoms score ( B=1.67, 95%CI =1.64-1.71), the proportion of depressive symptoms ( OR=1.39, 95%CI =1.38-1.41) and the proportion of major depressive symptoms ( OR=1.35, 95%CI =1.33-1.36) among students in 2021 ( P <0.05). An N-shaped curve was found in the significant nonlinear associations between internet addiction and depression across sex, region and school stage.@*Conclusion@#Internet addiction and depression in students show significant linear and non-linear associations, which are consistent in different sexes, regions and school stages. Therefore, relevant measures should be made and implemented in each region, especially in suburb areas, so as to prevent the increasingly development of adolescents and children s Internet addiction and depression.

Association between negative emotion, family intimacy and Internet addiction among junior and senior school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between negative emotion (depression, anxiety and stress), family intimacy and Internet addiction, so as to provide a basis for the intervention of Internet addiction among junior and senior high school students.@*Methods@#Students were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method from junior high schools and senior high schools from December 2022 to February 2023 in Yixing City, Jiangsu Provicne. A total of 3 026 students completed the questionnaire survey, including the demographic characteristics, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV), and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale Revised (CIAS-R). Bivariate correlation was used to analyzed the association of family intimacy, depression, anxiety, stress, and Internet addiction. Mediating effect model was used to analyzed the mediating effect of negative emotion between family intimacy and Internet addiction.@*Results@#The average score of Internet addiction among junior and senior high school students was (46.26±15.58), and there were statistical differences in the average scores of Internet addiction across different grades ( F=87.15, P <0.01). Depression ( r =0.57), anxiety ( r =0.56), stress ( r = 0.57) were positively correlated with Internet addiction, and family intimacy ( r =-0.34) was negatively correlated with Internet diction ( P <0.01). In the mediating effect model, family intimacy negatively predicted negative emotion ( β =-0.48) and Internet addiction ( β =-0.10), and negative emotion positively predicted Internet addiction ( β =0.45) ( P <0.01). Negative emotion played a partial mediating role between family intimacy and Internet addiction (the mediation value:-1.71, 95% CI =-1.96--1.49, mediation ratio:67.9%, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There are associations between negative emotion, family intimacy and Internet addiction among junior and senior school students. Family intimacy indirectly affects Internet addiction mainly through negative emotion. It suggests that family education is in need of attention to reduce the prevalence rate of Internet addiction among junior and senior high school students, especially family intimacy.

Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and food addiction in primary and secondary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and food addiction among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City, so as to provide reference and suggestions for maintaining healthy eating behavior and psychological health intervention and promotion among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City.@*Methods@#From December 2022 to February 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 180 primary and secondary school students from four primary and secondary schools in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and related behavior questionnaires. The data was analyzed using χ 2 test, Wilcoxon, Kruskal Wallis H rank sum test, and binary Logistic regression.@*Results@#The prevalence of food addiction among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City was 0.98% (41 students), and there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of food addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress scores among students of different genders and age groups ( Z/H = -1.34- 5.74, P >0.05). There was a positive correlation between food addiction and binge eating behavior, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms ( r=0.14-0.23, P <0.01). The results of binary Logistic regression showed that anxiety ( OR=5.68, 95%CI =1.74- 18.55 ) and stress ( OR=5.41, 95%CI =2.20-13.32) were positively correlated with the occurrence of food addiction in primary and secondary school students ( P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#The risk of food addiction among primary and secondary school students with anxiety and stress symptoms is higher than that of the general population. Guidance and intervention on student mental health should cover the entire compulsory education and high school period, in order to improve the mental health level of students and reduce the occurrence of food addiction behavior.

Association of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion with Internet addiction and non suicidal self injury behavior in junior and senior school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the mediating effect of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion between Internet addiction and non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behavior among junior and senior school students, so as to develop interventions to promote adolescent mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 3 026 junior and senior school students from Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China, were selected by stratified cluster sampling from December 2022 to February 2023, and were administered the Ottawa Self injury Inventory (OSI), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale Revised (CIAS-R). A mediating effect model was constructed to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion on Internet addiction and NSSI.@*Results@#Internet addiction ( r = 0.24), insomnia ( r =0.28), and anxiety ( r =0.27) were positively correlated with NSSI, while the latter was negatively correlated with family cohesion ( r =-0.23) ( P <0.01). The mediating effect model was well fitted ( CFI=0.999, TLI=0.978, RMSEA = 0.030 ). Anxiety (mediation effect value:0.12, 95% CI =0.08-0.18) and family cohesion (mediation effect value:0.08, 95% CI = 0.03 -0.13) had a separate mediating effect. A chain meditating effect was found in the case of anxiety and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.14, 95% CI =0.10-0.20), family cohesion and anxiety (mediation effect value:0.05, 95% CI =0.03-0.07), family cohesion and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.05, 95% CI =0.03-0.07), and family cohesion, anxiety, and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.06, 95% CI =0.04-0.08). The mediating effect accounted for 14.9%, 10.1%, 17.5%, 6.0%, 5.6%, and 7.1%, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion partially mediate Internet addiction and NSSI. Schools and families should pay attention to Internet addiction among junior and senior school students and develop appropriate interventions to promote adolescent mental health, so as to reduce the prevalence of NSSI.

The role of mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms in the association between childhood psychological abuse and depressive symptoms among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the role of mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms in the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and depressive symptoms among college students, in order to provide a basis for mental health promotion.@*Methods@#From February to May 2023, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 1 799 freshmen to juniors from a university in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. The questionnaire survey was conducted using the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), Child Psychological Maltreatment Scale (CPMS), Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), 2-item General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2). Correlations among each variable were analyzed, and the chain mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms was explored.@*Results@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms among college students was 9.7%, and the positive detection rate of childhood psychological abuse was 28.6%. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with childhood psychological abuse, mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms ( r =0.28, 0.32, 0.27, P <0.01). Childhood psychological abuse was positively correlated with mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms ( r =0.29, 0.71, P <0.01). Mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms were positively correlated ( r =0.30, P <0.01). Childhood psychological abuse could effectively predict depressiove symptoms, mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms ( β =0.08, 0.06, 0.66, P <0.01). Mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms had a chain mediating effect between childhood psychological abuse and depression symptoms, with a total indirect mediating effect (effect=25.27%, P <0.05), accounting for 72.44% of the total effect.@*Conclusions@#Mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms play a chain mediating role between childhood psychological abuse and depressive symptoms. Focusing on childhood psychological abuse, mobile phone addiction and anxiety among college students are beneficial for depression symptoms prevention.

Association of depressive symptoms, Internet addiction and insomnia among medical students in Anhui Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the status of insomnia, Internet addiction, and depressive symptoms among medical students and to analyze the effect of Internet addiction on insomnia and the mediating role of depressive symptoms, in order to provide a basis for the development of targeted interventions and measurements for medical students.@*Methods@#A stratified whole group sampling method was used to select full-time college students from three medical universities in Anhui Province. The Chinese version of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the symptoms of insomnia, Internet addiction and depressive in students. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing insomnia among medical students and to analyze the relationship between insomnia with Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, respectively.@*Results@#The overall rate of Internet addiction was 49.5%, depressive symptoms was 39.5%, insomnia was 18.6%. High academic stress, and the presence of surrounding people diagnosed with COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of insomnia ( P <0.05). The higher the level of Internet addiction (mild, OR =2.60; moderate/severe, OR =4.21) and depression. (mild, OR =6.35; moderate/severe, OR =19.32), the higher the risk of insomnia. Mediated effect analysis showed that Internet addiction had a direct predictive effect ( β =0.02, P <0.05) on insomnia and also indirectly affected insomnia through depression (indirect effect=0.07，95% CI =0.06-0.08).@*Conclusion@#The detected rates of insomnia, Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are high among medical students in Anhui Province, and Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are risk factors for insomnia, which should be given more attention and appropriate interventions when necessary to improve their physical and mental health.

Network modeling analysis of depression, Internet addiction and campus bullying in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore network relationships among depression, Internet addiction and campus bullying among adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of adolescents psychological status and risky behaviors.@*Methods@#In September 2020, a stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 5 000 middle school students for investigation. A structural equation model was used to analyze depression, Internet addiction and bullying and their related influencing factors in order to clarify the pathway and magnitude of effects.@*Results@#Depression had a positive effect on Internet addiction with adolescents( β=0.35, P <0.01), school bullying had a positive effect on depression and Internet addiction with adolescents( β=0.23, 0.05, P <0.01). Adolescent depression was found to play a partial mediating role with respect to the influence of sleep duration on Internet addiction, and the indirect effect was -0.01, accounting for 63.6% of the total effect. Depression played a partial mediating role regarding the influence of the frequency of moderate and high intensity exercise on Internet addiction in adolescents; the indirect effect was -0.01, accounting for 21.8% of the total effect.@*Conclusion@#Considering the interaction among adolescent depression, Internet addiction, and school bullying, it s important to include associated factors when developing effective prevention and intervention strategies, which can thus promote the physical and mental health of students, and provide scientific and effective protection.

The relationship between mobile phone dependence and academic burden among junior middle school students in Guizhou Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between mobile phone dependence (MPD) and academic burden among junior middle school students in Guizhou Province, under the "double reduction" policy by using a multi level model, so as to provide a basis for preventing the occurrence of MPD.@*Methods@#From December 2021 to January 2022, 7 868 students from grade 1 to grade 3 in 3 cities (prefecture) of Guizhou Province were selected by multi stage stratification random sampling method, and on site investigation was conducted by self compiled questionnaire and Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU). Using MLwiN 2.30 to fit a multi level model of the relationship between MPD and academic burden among junior middle school students.@*Results@#The MPD detection rate of junior middle school students in Guizhou Province was 20.9%. The multi level model revealed that MPD of junior middle school students was clustered at the level of school and class ( χ 2= 1 565.32 , P <0.01), and high perceived academic pressure had a positive predictive effect on MPD among junior middle school students ( β =1.96). Homework duration ≥90 min/d at weekends had a negative predictive effect on MPD ( β =-0.55), while participation in off campus training on learning days had a positive predictive effect ( β =1.66)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The MPD occurrence level is higher among junior middle school students in Guizhou Province. Perceived academic pressure, time spent on homework during weekends, off campus training and other academic burdens have an impact on MPD among junior middle school students, which should be a cause of concern for schools, families and social departments.

Internet addiction and depressive symptoms: a dose-response effect mediated by levels of physical activity

Abstract Introduction There are several negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people presenting internet addiction, including development of mood disorders, such as depression. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between internet addiction and depressive symptoms, as well as to test the mediating role of physical activity in this association. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from three universities (one private and two public institutions) in southern Brazil. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21), internet addiction with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20), and physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Poisson regression and the Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method were used for statistical analyses. Results We observed a dose-response relationship between internet addiction and depressive symptoms. Levels of physical activity mediated the association between moderate internet addiction and depressive symptoms, accounting for 10.7% of the effect observed. Conclusion Internet addiction can be detrimental to individuals' health, contributing to development of depressive symptoms. Along with psychological and pharmacological therapies, prescription of physical activities is recommended.

Prevalence of internet addiction and associated factors in students / Prevalência de adicção em internet e fatores associados em estudantes

Objective: A cross-sectional study that estimated the prevalence of Internet Addiction and associated factors among High School and College students in Montes Claros - Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Internet Addiction was evaluated through the Internet Addiction Test, and demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as internet usage profile characteristics, were examined. Descriptive analysis and the Poisson regression model were applied. Results: Of the 2,519 participants, 52.3% were considered with Internet Addiction Problems. In High School, the following factors were identified: are women and girls, age over >16, class C, alcohol consumption, impaired sleep, frequent use of social networks, and time spent connected. In Higher Education, the following factors: are women and girls, age over >23, paid activity, class C and D/E, alcohol consumption, impaired sleep, imbalanced diet, frequent use of social networks, and time spent connected. Conclusion: There was an expressive prevalence of Internet Addiction Problems, an outcome associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and internet use characteristics.

Objetivo: Estudo transversal que estimou prevalência de Adicção em Internet e fatores associados entre estudantes do Ensino Médio e Superior em Montes Claros - Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: A Adicção em Internet foi avaliada pelo Internet Addiction Test e se investigaram fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, estilo de vida e perfil de uso de internet. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e modelo de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Dos 2.519 participantes, 52,3% apresentaram problemas de Adicção em Internet. No grupo de estudantes de Ensino Médio examinado, identificaram-se os seguintes fatores: sexo feminino, idade >16, classe C, consumo de álcool, sono prejudicado, uso frequente das redes sociais e tempo de conexão. No Ensino Superior, foram constatados: sexo feminino, idade >23, atividade remunerada, classe C e D/E, consumo de álcool, sono prejudicado, alimentação não balanceada, uso frequente das redes sociais e tempo de conexão. Conclusão: Houve expressiva prevalência de Problemas com Adicção em Internet, desfecho associado a características demográficas, socioeconômicas, ao estilo de vida e ao uso da internet.

Exercise intervention and cognitive behavioral therapy towards mobile phone dependence in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore effectiveness of exercise intervention and group cognitive therapy on mobile phone dependence in college students.@*Methods@#A total of 762 college students from a university in Wuhan were selected through random cluster sampling method in Oct. 2019. Among them, 126 students with higher risk for mobile phone dependence were selected as experimental group which were assigned to four groups:open exercise group(basketball,31),close exercise group(baduanjin,31), group cognitive group(30) and control group(34). The exercise group attended 60 min intervention twice a week for 10 weeks. The effectiveness was evaluated through the changes in the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI).@*Results@#The 10week exercise and group based cognitive therapy intervention can improve mobile phone dependence behavior among college students ( F group= 4.54, F time = 3.67, P <0.05). Among them, the open exercise group and the group cognitive therapy group showed slightly better effects( t= 0.06, P >0.05). In the follow up visit two months after intervention, no significant difference between the closed exercise group and the post test results( t=1.23, P >0.05). In the dimensions of out of control and withdrawal, the open exercise was more effective than the closed exercise intervention( t=2.58, 2.67, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Open exercise group has similar effect on improvement in mobile phone dependence with group cognitive therapy among college students, while closed exercise intervention shows better long term effect.

Latent profile analysis on the association of psychological abuse and neglect with mobile phone dependence among adolescences / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To identity patterns of psychological abuse and neglect among male and female adolescents, and to examine the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect with mobile phone dependence.@*Methods@#A total of 1 070 adolescents from 5 middle schools in Ganzhou and Wuhan were investigated with Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale (CPANS), Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale (MPAI) and demographic questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to construct typologies of psychological abuse and neglect involvement in male and female adolescents.@*Results@#Three latent classes were identified for boys: low level psychological abuse and neglect group (56.68%), medium level psychological abuse and neglect group ( 29.80 %), high level psychological abuse and neglect group (13.52%). For girls, four latent classes were identified including low level psychological abuse and neglect group (49.38%), medium level psychological abuse and neglect group (29.01%), high level psychological abuse and neglect group (11.12%); high level psychological abuse group (10.49%). Adolescents who suffered from psychological abuse and neglect were more likely to be dependent on mobile phones. Among them, boys dependence on mobile phones was manifested as out of control, withdrawal, escape and inefficiency[Medium level： B(95%CI )=0.28(0.12-0.44)，0.29(0.11-0.46)，0.35(0.16-0.53)，high level： B(95%CI )=0.37(0.16-0.59)，0.42(0.19-0.65)，0.33(0.07-0.59)，0.50(0.25- 0.74 )， P ＜0.05], while girls showed evasion and inefficiency in high levels of psychological abuse[ B(95%CI )=0.34(0.01-0.67)，0.46(0.14-0.78)， P ＜0.05].@*Conclusion@#There are heterogeneous differences in psychological abuse and neglect between male and female adolescents, and the relationship between each category and mobile phone dependence varies. The results provide suggestions for adolescent mental health intervention.

Research progress of smartphone addiction interventions in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Adolescents at the unique period during which individuals experience rapid growth in social, emotional, and cognitive aspects, are more prone to smartphone addiction than other groups. Smartphone addiction has been proved to seriously affect the physical and mental health of adolescents, and these impacts will become increasingly widespread with age. The effectiveness of current smartphone addiction interventions are mild among adolescents, which have proved to be related to adolescents unique cognitive and psychological characteristics. This paper reviews the latest research on adolescent smartphone addiction interventions, and classifies and elaborates from information enhancement strategies, ability enhancement strategies and behavioral intervention strategies, and puts forward the feasibility suggestions in this field, providing reference for localized intervention strategies, with the aim to developing systematic intervention design guidance and an effective multi subject collaborative intervention system.

Trends in the prevalence of Internet addiction among adolescents from 2004 to 2019 in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the trends of Internet addiction among adolescents in Shanghai, so as to provide theoretical evidence for the prevention and control of Internet addiction in adolescents.@*Methods@#A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted, and 92 171 junior and senior high school students in Shanghai were selected for questionnaire survey in 2004-2019. Evaluation of Internet addiction, loneliness, academic pressure and depression among middle school students.@*Results@#In 2004-2019, the rate of Internet addiction among middle school students in Shanghai was 4.3%, which without significant differences by year( t =1.8, P >0.05). The detection rate of Internet addiction in boys (5.3%) was higher than that in girls (3.4%) ( χ 2=186.8, P <0.01), and was highest in secondary vocational school (7.7%), followed by senior high school (4.6%) and junior middle school students (2.8%) ( χ 2=746.5, P <0.01). The prevalence of Internet addiction in girls, senior high school students, secondary vocational school students, students aged 16-20, students with loneliness or high academic pressure showed an increasing trend in 2004-2019, with the average annual increase rate ( APC ) of 6.62%, 5.45%, 2.13%, 3.36%, 4.09% and 3.60% respectively ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Internet addiction among adolescents in Shanghai showed an increasing trend in some groups from 2004-2019, but without significant differences by year in the overall groups. Comprehensive prevention and control programs are needed for adolescent Internet addiction, especially for those with mental health problems.