Interaction between hyperuricemia and gender on dyslipidemia in the elderly / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the interaction between hyperuricemia and gender on dyslipidemia in the elderly.Methods:A cross-sectional study. The permanent residents aged≥65 years in Kunshan City were selected by the cluster sampling method. The selected residents underwent physical examination and blood biochemical tests such as blood glucose, blood lipid, uric acid, hyaluronic acid, gamma glutamyltransferase and creatinine, and history of schistosomiasis infection was investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between various factors and dyslipidemia. Synergy index (S), relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) and the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) were used to evaluate the association between hyperuricemia and female interaction on dyslipidemia.. The dose-response relationship between serum uric acid level and dyslipidemia was analyzed by a restricted cubic spline regression model.Results:The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the elderly aged 65 years and obove was 31.9% (1 450/4 536), and it was 23.7% (517/2 180) and 39.6% (933/2 356) in men and women, respectively ( χ2=131.38, P<0.001). Multivariate regression showed that female, high waist circumference, overweight and obesity, hypertension, diabetes, low glomerular filtration rate, high gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, high uric acid to creatinine ratio, low neutral to lymphocyte ratio were associated with dyslipidemia (all P<0.05). Additionally, additive interaction association was found between the dyslipidemia and advanced uric acid levels ( OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.07-1.12) and female ( OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.11-1.14), and the contribution rate of interaction effects was 19.8% (RERI=0.74, 95% CI: 0.06-1.42; AP=0.20, 95% CI: 0.04-0.36, S=1.37, 95% CI: 1.02-1.84). Non-linear dose response relationship was identified by the restricted cubic spline regression model between the continuously rising serum uric acid and dyslipidemia ( χ2=101.23, P<0.001). Conclusions:The proportion of dyslipidemia in elderly permanent residents is high. Demographics and physical measurement indicators comprehensively affected the prevalence of dyslipidemia. In addition, both hyperuric acid and female have additive interaction on dyslipidemia.

The Influence of Urinary Incontinence and Depression in Elderly on the Quality of the Life / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the influence of urinary incontinence and depression on individual's QOL(Quality of life). We aimed to clarify how the interaction between urinary incontinence and depression influences one's QOL. METHODS: A total of 1262 patients were enrolled in this study from April, 2011 to July, 2011. We estimated the severity of depressive symptoms and QOL, using SGDS-K, EQ-5D. We also investigated the morbidity of urinary incontinence for each patient in person or by questionnaire. Comparisons of QOL between groups with or without depression, with or without urinary incontinence were established using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc analysis. The interaction between urinary incontinence and depression was analyzed by each domain of QOL, using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Patients with depression and urinary incontinence showed significantly higher EQ-5D scores on every domain of QOL than other patients, which means significantly lower QOL. Patients with depression, no urinary incontinence reported lower QOL, especially in the domain of ‘usual activity’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘visual analogue scale(VAS)’, whereas those with urinary incontinence, no depression showed lower QOL in ‘motility’, ‘usual activities’ and ‘pain’ domain. Statistically significant interaction effects of two diseases were observed in the domain of ‘VAS’, ‘self care’ and ‘anxiety’. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity of urinary incontinence and depression showed significantly lower QOL of patients, compared with urinary incontinence or depression respectively, which implies additive interaction effects of the two diseases. Optimal diagnosis and treatment of depression should be emphasized for patients with urinary incontinence.

Antibacterial effect of crude methanol Carica papaya L. (papaya) extract and amoxicillin combination

Background: the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the diseases caused by them are a serious threat to global health necessitating an urgent need for new approaches to combat them. Synergy studies of conventional antimicrobial drugs and medicinal plants with antibacterial effects are important to establish whether it is prudent to recommend their concurrent administration to get successful treatments. Objective: evaluate the antibacterial effect resulting from the combination of Carica papaya (papaya) and amoxicillin. Methods: the papaya methanol extract was obtained from seeds and phytochemical screening was done. Checkerboard assay was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. Combined effect of both Carica papaya methanol extract and amoxicillin was determined by calculating the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used in the tests. Results: phenols and tannins were found in the Carica papaya seed methanol extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Carica papaya extract was 100 µg/mL for both microorganisms studied which was higher than the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of amoxicillin being 3.12 µg/mL for Escherichia coli and 0.2 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration of the combination of drugs was 0.99 for Escherichia coli and 2.51 for Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: the antibacterial effect of Carica papaya extract may be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds. There was no interaction between amoxicillin and Carica papaya extract on Staphylococcus aureus, but the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli of both drugs can be potentiated by their additive interaction(AU)

Introducción: la creciente multi-resistencia bacteriana y emergencia de enfermedades causadas por estas bacterias, constituyen un serio problema global, por lo que es importante y urgente el desarrollo de nuevas propuestas terapéuticas para combatirlas. Estudios sinérgicos sobre la combinación de antimicrobianos convencionales y plantas con efectos antibacterianos son importantes para determinar si es aconsejable la administración concomitante de los mismos. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto antibacteriano de la combinación de Carica papaya (papaya) y amoxicilina. Método: fueron usadas semillas de papaya para obtener el extracto alcohólico de papaya y realizado el estudio fitoquímico. La Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria fue determinada por el método del tablero de ajedrez. La Concentración Inhibitoria Fraccionada se calculó para medir el posible efecto sinérgico de la combinación entre el extracto alcohólico de Carica papaya y la amoxicilina. Cepas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 fueron usadas. Resultados: en el extracto alcohólico de papaya fueron encontrados fenoles y taninos. La Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria del extracto de papaya coincidió para ambos microorganismos (100 µg/mL), la cual fue mayor que la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria de la amoxicilina, siendo 3.125 µg/mL para Escherichia coli y 0.2 µg/mL para Staphylococcus aureus. La Concentración Inhibitoria Fraccionada de la combinación de drogas, fue 0.99 para Escherichia coli y 2.51 para Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusiones: los compuestos fenólicos presentes en el extracto de papaya pueden ser responsables de su efecto antimicrobiano. No existe interacción entre la amoxicilina y el extracto metanólico de papaya contra Staphylococcus aureus. Sin embargo, la actividad antomicrobiana contra Escherichia coli puede ser potenciada por su interacción aditiva(AU)

Bootstrap method-based estimation on the confidence interval for additive interaction in cohort studies / 中华流行病学杂志

Interaction assessment is an important step in epidemiological analysis. When etiological study is carried out, the logarithmic models such as logistic model or Cox proportional hazard model are commonly used to estimate the independent effects of the risk factors. However,estimating interaction between risk factors by the regression coefficient of the product term is on multiplicative scale, and for public-health purposes, it is supposed to be on additive scale or departure from additivity. This paper illustrates with a example of cohort study by fitting Cox proportional hazard model to estimate three measures for additive interaction which presented by Rothman.Adopting the S-Plus application with a built-in Bootstrap function, it is convenient to estimate the confidence interval for additive interaction. Furthermore, this method can avoid the exaggerated estimation by using ORs in a cohort study to gain better precision. When using the complex combination models between additive interaction and multiplicative interaction, it is reasonable to choose the former one when the result is inconsistent.