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1.
Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics ; (12): 406-414, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1014523

ABSTRACT

More than 300 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, and the incidence is increasing year by year. As one of the most common chronic diseases, asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease with complex triggering mechanisms and strong heterogeneity. With the in-depth study of physiological and pathological mechanisms, therapeutic small molecule and hormone drugs have been introduced to control and treat most patients, but about 5% - 10% of patients still suffer from various subtypes of difficult to control and treat asthma, that is, severe asthma. In the past decade, with the rapid development of bio-pharmaceutical research, protein and antibody have become the key drugs for the treatment of severe asthma with high efficacy, high specificity and high safety. However, biological drugs are usually administered by injection, they cannot be noninvasive and directly delivered into the lung to quickly absorb and take effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the introduction of inhaled biologics with quick effectiveness, convenience, economy and safety in clinical. The review summarizes the existing small molecule, hormone and biological therapy drugs, and summarizes the development of inhalable biological agents of asthma, and analyzes the future prospects of the inhalable biological drugs, which is designed to deepen the perception of the direction of the inhalable biological drugs research, and update the information of the field, in order to provide reference for the development of more inhalable biologics.

2.
Cogit. Enferm. (Online) ; 24: e59060, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1019733

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar quais técnicas inalatórias do Inalador Pressurizado Dosimetrado, acoplado ao espaçador, têm sido utilizadas em pacientes com asma. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada em janeiro de 2018, nas bases de dados US National Library of Medicine e na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências de Saúde. Foram selecionados 14 artigos, publicados entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2017, que continham a descrição da sequência de passos da técnica inalatória. Resultados: os artigos, predominantemente, estudaram indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 14 anos e justificaram a adoção dos passos da técnica inalatória em referências da literatura. Os passos indicados por cada artigo foram revisados por pares e realizou-se uma quantificação daqueles mais citados, em que 15 passos foram definidos. Conclusão: a síntese do conhecimento gerado pode auxiliar profissionais de saúde no manejo adequado da asma, uma vez que traz evidências relacionadas à eficácia de cada passo.


RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las técnicas de inhalación del inhalador presurizado con dosificador acoplado al espaciador que se utilizan en pacientes con asma. Método: revisión integral, que se realizó en enero de 2018, en las bases de datos US National Library of Medicine y en Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de Salud. Se eligieron 14 artículos, publicados entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2017, con la descripción de la secuencia de procedimientos de la técnica de inhalación. Resultados: los artículos, de modo predominante, abordaron individuos con edad igual o superior a 14 años y justificaron la adopción de los procedimientos de la técnica de inhalación en referencias de la literatura. Se revisaron los procedimientos apuntados por cada artículo por pares y se realizó una cuantificación de aquellos más mencionados, en la cual se definieron 15 procedimientos. Conclusión: la síntesis del conocimiento que se generó puede ayudar a los profesionales de salud en el manejo adecuado del asma, pues trae evidencias asociadas con la eficacia de cada procedimiento.


ABSTRACT Objective: to identify which Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler with spacer inhalation techniques have been used in patients with asthma. Method: this was an integrative review, conducted in January 2018, in the US National Library of Medicine and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases. 14 articles, published between January 2011 and December 2017, which contained the description of the sequence of inhalation technique steps, were selected. Results: the articles predominantly studied individuals aged 14 years or over and justified the adoption of the steps of the inhalation technique from literature references. The steps indicated by each article were reviewed by experts and a quantification of those most cited was performed, with 15 steps being defined. Conclusion: the synthesis of the knowledge generated can help healthcare providers in the proper management of asthma, since it provides evidence related to the efficacy of each step.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Administration, Inhalation , Metered Dose Inhalers , Review , Inhalation Spacers
3.
Rev. Soc. Boliv. Pediatr ; 41(3): 145-153, ago. 2002. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-738388

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudar a distribuição do radioaerossol 99mTc-DTPA utilizando heliox ou oxigênio como veículos de nebulização na cintilografia pulmonar ventilatória de crianças e adolescentes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Material e métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado. Incluídos pacientes (5 a 18 anos) com DPOC que, entre março de 1996 e setembro de 1998, necessitaram realizar cintilografia pulmonar ventilatória. A obstrução ao fluxo aéreo foi quantificada pela espirometria. Aleatoriamente foram distribuídos em dois grupos, conforme o gás utilizado na nebulização durante a cintilografia: heliox (hélio 80% e oxigênio 20%), ou oxigênio. Os resultados foram expressos através do slope (inclinação da curva de aquisição cumulativa de radioatividade pulmonar) e pela concentração cumulativa máxima de radioatividade obtida nos campos pulmonares. Determinou-se, ainda, o tamanho médio das partículas de 99mTc-DTPA geradas pelos dois gases. Resultados: Foram alocados dez pacientes em cada grupo, sem diferenças (p>0,05) quanto ao gênero, diagnóstico etiológico, presença de desnutrição, médias de peso, estatura, superfície corpórea, ou nos resultados da espirometria. A média dos slopes do grupo heliox (5.039 + 1.652) foi maior (p=0,018) que no grupo oxigênio (3.410 + 1.100). Pacientes do grupo heliox com acentuada redução do fluxo aéreo apresentaram um slope médio maior (p=0,017) do que o dos pacientes do grupo oxigênio com diminuição do fluxo aéreo. Os pacientes dos grupos do heliox e do oxigênio, sem evidências de obstrução ao fluxo aéreo na espirometria, não apresentaram diferenças nas médias dos slopes (p=0,507). O diâmetro médio das partículas do 99mTc-DTPA geradas pelo heliox foi de 2,13 (+0,62mm), que é maior (p=0,004) que o daquelas geradas pelo oxigênio (0,88 +0,99 mm). Conclusões: O heliox como veículo de nebulização na cintilografia pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes com DPOC promove uma melhor dispersão e distribuição do radioaerossol, do que a obtida pelo oxigênio. Esses benefícios do heliox, em relação aos do oxigênio, tornam-se mais evidentes em presença de obstrução das vias aéreas inferiores, enquanto que na sua ausência, não se observa diferença na dispersão e na distribuição de radioaerossol. As partículas geradas pelo heliox e pelo oxigênio, apesar de apresentarem diferenças significativas em seus diâmetros médios, encontram-se dentro da amplitude recomendada (1 a 5mm). Portanto, essa possível diferença não justifica os efeitos demonstrados pelo heliox neste estudo.


Objective: To study the distribution of the radioaerosol of 99mTc- DTPA when the heliox gas is used as an inhalation vehicle during the pulmonary ventilatory scintigraphy in children and adolescents with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Material and methods: Clinical randomized and controlled trial. Patients (from 5 to 18 years old) with COPD needing pulmonary scintigraphic study, between March 1996 and September 1998, were included. The obstruction of the lower airway was measured by pulmonary function study. The patients were randomized in two groups: heliox (helium 80% and oxygen 20%) or oxygen, according to the gas used as a vehicle to nebulize the particles during the scintigraphic study. The results of the scintigraphic study were expressed by the slope of the curve (the inclination of the curve of cumulative pulmonary radioactivity) and by the maximal cumulative radioactivity achieved in the lungs areas. The mean diameter of the 99mTc-DTPA particles generated by heliox and oxygen were measured by laser diffraction. Results: Ten patients were allocated in each group, without any statistical difference (p>0.05) in respect to gender, main diagnosis, signs of undernutrition, the mean values of weight, height, body area and the results of the pulmonary function study. The mean slope in the heliox group (5.039 +1.652) showed a significant difference (p=0.018) when compared to the mean slope of the oxygen group (3,410 +1,100). The patients with reduction of the airway flow in the heliox group obtained a mean slope with significant difference (p=0.017) when compared to the mean slope of the patients in the oxygen group with the same reduction in airway flow. The patients of the heliox group and oxygen group without airway obstruction flow did not show any statistical difference when they were compared on the basis of either the means of the slopes (p= 0.507) or the means of the cumulative radiation in the lung fields (p=0.795). The mean diameter of the particles of 99mTc- DTPA generated by heliox was 2.13 (+0.62mm), with a statistical difference (p=0.004) when compared with the mean diameter of the particles generated when oxygen was used as a vehicle (0,88 +0,99 mm). Conclusions: When heliox was used as a vehicle in the scintigraphic study of children and adolescents with DPOC, it showed a better distribution and dispersion of the 99mTc-DTPA into the lungs than that obtained when oxygen was used. The benefits of heliox over oxygen are more evident in the presence of lower airway obstruction flow. Without airway obstruction flow we could not demonstrate any difference in the distribution and in the radiation activity into the lungs. The mean diameters of the particles of 99mTc-DTPA generated by heliox and oxygen showed a significant difference. In spite of this, the mean diameters observed in both groups were included in the recommended range (between 1 and 5 mm). Therefore, the observed differences between the particles generated by both gases could not justify the effects of heliox demonstrated in this study.

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