Los grupos informales y su relación con el rendimiento de las MiPyMES en México / Informal groups and their relationship with the performance of MSMEs in Mexico / Grupos informais e sua relação com a atuação das MPMEs no México

Resumen Introducción: en la actualidad, el liderazgo, la cultura y el clima organizacional que ejercen los grupos informales representan algunos de los factores clave en el rendimiento empresarial de las MiPyMES debido a que fortalece el incremento de la productividad en un mercado altamente competitivo. Objetivo: el propósito de la investigación es identificar la influencia conjunta del liderazgo transformacional, la cultura clan y el clima organizacional que presentan los grupos informales de trabajo sobre el rendimiento empresarial de las MiPyMES de la región del bajío del estado de Guanajuato, México. Materiales y métodos: el diseño metodológico fue cuantitativo, explicativo, observacional y transversal. Se empleó una muestra de 225 participantes. Para la comprobación de hipótesis se desarrolló un modelo de ecuación estructural (SEM). En cuanto a los índices de bondad y ajuste del SEM (χ2=146.10 gl=52; CFI=0.969 y TLI=0.960; RMSEA=.06) fueron absolutamente aceptables. Resultados: de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos a través del SEM, se demuestra que el liderazgo transformacional influye positiva y significativamente sobre el clima organizacional (β1=0.26; p<0.001) como también en la cultura clan (β2=0.81; p<0.001) de los grupos informales. Asimismo, la cultura clan de los grupos informales influye (β3=0.61; p<0.001) positiva y significativamente sobre el clima organizacional. Finalmente, el clima organizacional de los grupos informales influye (β4=0.68; p<0.001) positiva y significativamente sobre el rendimiento empresarial de las MiPyMES. Conclusión: Los grupos informales representan un recurso promueve en el éxito de las MiPyMES y con ello, potencializar el rendimiento del sector empresarial de las MiPyMES en estado de Guanajuato.

Abstract Introduction: At present, the leadership, culture and organizational climate exercised by informal groups represent some of the key factors in the business performance of MSMEs because it strengthens the increase in productivity in a highly competitive market. Objective: the purpose of the research is to identify the joint influence of transformational leadership, clan culture and organizational climate presented by informal work groups on the business performance of MSMEs in the Bajio region of the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Materials and methods: the methodological design was quantitative, explanatory, observational and transversal. A sample of 225 participants was used. For hypothesis testing, a structural equation model (SEM) was developed. Regarding the goodness and fit indices of the SEM (χ2 = 146.10 gl = 52; CFI = 0.969 and TLI = 0.960; RMSEA = 0.06) they were absolutely acceptable. Results: according to the results obtained through the SEM, it is shown that transformational leadership positively and significantly influences the organizational climate (β1 = 0.26; p <0.001) as well as clan culture (β2 = 0.81; p <0.001) of informal groups. Likewise, the clan culture of informal groups influences (β3 = 0.61; p <0.001) positively and significantly on the organizational climate. Finally, the organizational climate of informal groups has a positive and significant influence (β4 = 0.68; p <0.001) on the business performance of MSMEs. Conclusions: informal groups represent a resource that promotes the success of MSMEs and with it, potentiates the performance of the business sector of MSMEs in the state of Guanajuato.

Resumo Introdução: atualmente, a liderança, a cultura e o clima organizacional exercido pelos grupos informais representam alguns dos fatores-chave no desempenho empresarial das MPMEs, pois fortalecem o aumento da produtividade em um mercado altamente competitivo. Objetivo: o objetivo da pesquisa é identificar a influência conjunta da liderança transformacional, cultura de clã e clima organizacional apresentada por grupos de trabalho informais sobre o desempenho empresarial das MPMEs na região de Bajío, no estado de Guanajuato, México. Materiais e métodos: o desenho metodológico foi quantitativo, explicativo, observacional e transversal. Uma amostra de 225 participantes foi utilizada. Para o teste de hipótese, um modelo de equação estrutural (SEM) foi desenvolvido. Em relação aos índices de bondade e ajuste do SEM (χ2 = 146,10 gl = 52; CFI = 0,969 e TLI = 0,960; RMSEA = 0,06), eles foram absolutamente aceitáveis. Resultados: de acordo com os resultados obtidos por meio do SEM, mostra-se que a liderança transformacional influência positiva e significativamente o clima organizacional (β1 = 0,26; p <0,001) e também a cultura do clã (β2 = 0,81; p <0,001) de grupos informais. Da mesma forma, a cultura de clã dos grupos informais influência (β3 = 0,61; p <0,001) positiva e significativamente no clima organizacional. Por fim, o clima organizacional dos grupos informais influência (β4 = 0,68; p <0,001) de forma positiva e significativa no desempenho empresarial das MPMEs. Conclusões: os grupos informais representam um recurso que promove o sucesso das MPMEs e com isso potencializa a atuação do setor empresarial das MPMEs no estado de Guanajuato.

Status and prospect of researches on class management in colleges and universities of China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Class in colleges and universities is the basic unit to develop higher education. Class management in colleges and universities is the key to cultivate talents who can adapt to the social development. At present, researches on class in colleges and universities of China mainly focus on objectives and ideas of class management, organizational structure of implementation and evaluation system. Researches in the future should help to construct a theory for education and management from a multidisciplinary point of view, so as to broaden the research with the aim of improving management efficiency and cultivating talents; break through traditional linear management mode to build an effective administrative organization structure and put it into practice, so as to deepen the research. Meanwhile, quantitative study methods should be applied to evaluate the class management system, and empirical studies should be performed to every part of the whole class administration process.

Status and prospect of researches on class management in colleges and universities of China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Class in colleges and universities is the basic unit to develop higher education.Class management in colleges and universities is the key to cultivate talents who can adapt to the social development.At present,researches on class in colleges and universities of China mainly focus on objectives and ideas of class management,organizational structure of implementation and evaluation system.Researches in the future should help to construct a theory for education and management from a multidisciplinary point of view,so as to broaden the research with the aim of improving management efficiency and cultivating talents;break through traditional linear management mode to build an effective administrative organization structure and put it into practice,so as to deepen the research.Meanwhile,quantitative study methods should be applied to evaluate the class management system,and empirical studies should be performed to every part of the whole class administration process.

Optimization of the Administrative Organization Structure & Implementation of Secondary Hospital Service Model in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To facilitate the practice of the activity of "hospital administration year" and to improve the medical service quality. METHODS: Reformation was made actively by optimizing the administrative organization structure and introducing the model of secondary hospital service in our hospital after the trusteeship by the Shanghai 6th People's Hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Due to the above practice, the consciousness on medication safety, the quality of medical care services as well as the degree of patients' satisfaction had been increased gradually, which contributed to a sound, ordered and sustainable development of our hospital.