Estudio comparativo de dos escalas de depresión en relación al intento de suicidio en adolescentes no consultantes / Comparative study of two scales of depression in relating to suicide attempt in no consultant adolecents

Introduction: 80 percent of young people who attempt suicide and 90 percent of those who consume it have a history of psychiatric disorders. The more involved psychopathologies are the mood disorders, especially depression. Objective: Characterize the behavior of 2 depression scales applied to adolescents in relation to suicidal attempts. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study. 195 adolescents were surveyed in the "Liceo Nueva Zelandia' of Santa Juana (Sampling error = 0.0445) media random sampling provided by sex and grade, including the application of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and a history of attempted suicide. X², T-Student, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman linear correlation and binary logistic regression were used. Results: When analyzing the mean scores obtained by both groups, both scales show significant differences statistically (p < 0.001). The scales present a strong to moderate linear correlation (p < 0.001). Only BDI is significant in the logistic regression model (p = 0.001). Discussion: Although these scales evaluated the depression construct similarly, the CDI would be redundant to associate it with the suicide attempt. It would be necessary to implement the factorial studies of the composition of the BDI to identify components associated with attempted suicide...

Introducción: El 80 por ciento de los jóvenes que intentan suicidarse y el 90 por ciento de quienes lo consuman tienen historia de desordenes psiquiátricos. Las psicopatologías más involucradas son los trastornos del ánimo, especialmente la Depresión. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de 2 escalas para Depresión aplicada en adolescentes relacionado al intento de suicidio. Método: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Se encuestó a 195 adolescentes del Liceo Nueva Zelandia de Santa Juana (Error de muestreo = 0,0445) mediante muestreo aleatorio proporcionado por sexo y curso, incluyendo Escala de Depresión de Beck (BDI), Cuestionario de Depresión Infantil (CDI) y antecedentes de intento de suicidio. Se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos, X², T-student, U Mann-Whitney, correlación lineal de Spearman y Regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Al analizar los promedios de los puntajes obtenidos por los grupos intentadores y no intentadores en ambas escalas presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001). Las escalas presentan una correlación lineal moderada a fuerte (p < 0,001). Sólo la BDI es significativa en el modelo de regresión logística (p = 0,001). Discusión: Si bien ambas escalas evalúan el constructo de depresión de manera similar, la CDI sería redundante al asociarla al intento de suicidio. Sería necesario poner en práctica los estudios factoriales de la composición de la BDI para identificar los componentes asociados al intento de suicidio...

Relações e subjetividades do viver com HIV/aids: relatos de um grupo de adolescentes / Relations and subjectivities of living with HIV / AIDS: reports of a group of teenagers

Objetivou-se descrever a experiência em um grupo com adolescentes soropositivos, desenvolvido por profissionais de um Serviço Ambulatorial Especializado em HIV/Aids, de Fortaleza. A abordagem grupal pautou-se no modelo dialógico participativo através de rodas de conversas. Por meio da troca de sentimentos, informações e vivências pessoais, os adolescentes discutiram a compreensão acerca da doença e as estratégias de enfrentamento das adversidades, falando abertamente sobre suas vidas, intimidades, conflitos. Assim, o grupo constituiu-se espaço de produção de discursos e de verdades nunca ditas pelo adolescentes, proporcionando a quebra de postura do silêncio e provendo reflexões sobre relacionamentos sociais e afetivos dos adolescentes.

The objective was to describe the experience in a group with HIV-seropositive adolescents, developed by professionals of an HIV/AIDS Specialized Outpatient Service of Fortaleza, Brazil. The group's approach was based on the participatory dialogic model through conversations circles. Through the exchange of feelings, information and personal experiences, the adolescents discussed the understanding of seropositivity and the strategies for coping with adversities, openly talking about their lives, intimacy and conflicts. Thus, the group created a space for speeches production and truths never spoken by adolescents, breaking the posture of silence and providing refledions on social and affedive relationships among adolescents. Descriptors: adolescent, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, group strudure.

El objetivo fue describir la experiencia en un grupo de adolescentes seropositivos, desarrollado por profesionales de ambulatorio especializado en el VIH/SIDA, de Fortaleza, Brasil. El enfoque de grupo fue basado en el modelo dialógico participativo a través de reuniones de conversación. Mediante el intercambio de sentimientos, informaciones y experiencias personales, los adolescentes discutieron la comprensión acerca de la enfermedad y estrategias para hacer de enfrentamiento de las adversidades, hablando libremente acerca de sus vidas, intimidades y conflidos. Así, el grupo se constituyó un espacio de producción de hablas y verdades no dichas por los adolescentes, proporcionando ruptura de postura de silencio y ofreciendo reflexiones sobre relaciones sociales y afectivas entre adolescentes.

La legislación a favor de la adolescente embarazada / Legislation in favor of pregnant adolescent

Introducción: la legislación y las políticas son herramientas necesarias para lograr el desarrollo y la evolución en todos los aspectos de un país. Para el profesional de enfermería la creación de estrategias de cuidado y mejoramiento depende del conocimiento que tenga sobre estos lincamientos y de la formación académica, logrando aportar como ciencia independiente disminución de problemáticas como es el embarazo adolescente. Materiales y Métodos: Mediante una búsqueda de literatura y el análisis de la legislación en Colombia se realiza una reflexión sobre la situación de la adolescente embarazada. Resultados: Se logra evidenciar que en Colombia y el mundo existen herramientas legislativas y estrategias de apoyo a los niños, niñas y adolescentes, y están en búsqueda de disminuir la situación de embarazos a temprana edad. Así mismo se destaca a la Enfermera eje fundamental en la salud de la población como ente educador. Discusión y Conclusiones: Es de suma importancia que la Enfermera(o) no limite la consulta o la atención a la necesidad del momento sino que tenga un alcance más amplio, que tenga una visión de la persona identificando necesidades propias de la edad y apoyada en las políticas y legislación del país realizar un cuidado integral. Se recomienda que haya más flujo de información de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en toda la población, donde se destaquen aspectos como proyecto de vida y refuerzo de valores.

Introduction: the law and policy are necessary tools for development and evolution in all aspects of a country. For the nurse creation care and improvement strategies depends on the knowledge you have about these guidelines and academic training, managing to provide independent science decline as problematic as teenage pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A search of literature and an analysis of the laws in Colombia as a reflection on the situation of pregnant adolescents. Results: We show that succeeds in Colombia and the world there are legislative tools and strategies to support children and adolescents, and are seeking to diminish the status of early pregnancy. It also highlights the fundamental axis Nurse health of the population as being an educator. Discussion and Conclusions: It is extremely important that the nurse does not limit the query or the attention to the need of the moment but have a broader scope, with a vision of the person identifying needs of the age and supported in policies and legislation in the country to perform a comprehensive care. It is recommended that more flow of information on sexual and reproductive rights entire population, where as a project highlighting aspects of life and reinforce values.

Adolescência na percepção de professores do ensino fundamental / Adolescencia según la percepción de maestros de enseñanza primaria / Adolescence in the perception of primary school teachers

Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 11 professores de um colégio estadual de Curitiba, para apreender como os professores do ensino fundamental percebem a adolescência. As informações foram coletadas por meio da estratégia Discussão de Grupo e organizadas em quatro categorias temáticas. Identificou-se nos relatos dos professores a pluralidade de significações atribuídas ao processo de adolescer, com ênfase na singularidade da adolescência. A adolescência se constitui em fenômeno singular, apresenta variações de acordo com a cultura, classe social, raça, gênero e idade, configurando distintas formas de vivenciá-la. Mesmo com essa diversidade, é possível desenvolver relações com adolescente que incluam a atenção, dedicação, conforto, paciência e sensibilidade, além da transmissão dos conteúdos curriculares.

This qualitative research was performed with 11 primary school teachers at a state school in the city of Curitiba/ Brazil, with the goal to identify how primary school teachers perceive adolescence. The information was collected by means of a Group Discussion strategy and organized in four theme-categories. The teachers' statements revealed the plurality of the adolescence process, stressing its uniqueness. Adolescence is a unique phenomenon, varying according to culture, social class, race, gender and age, configuring distinctive ways of experiencing it. All this diversity, however, enables to develop relations with teenagers, including attention, nurturing, comfort, patience and sensitiveness, besides getting across curricular contents.

Se trata de una investigación cualitativa realizada con 11 maestros de enseñanza primaria de una escuela estatal del municipio de Curitiba. Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de entender el modo en el que los maestros de enseñanza primaria perciben la adolescencia. Las informaciones fueron recolectadas por medio de la estrategia de Discusión de Grupo y organizadas en cuatro categorías temáticas. Fue posible identificar, de acuerdo a los discursos de los profesores, la pluralidad de significaciones atribuidas al proceso de crecimiento, con énfasis en la singularidad de la adolescencia. La adolescencia presenta variaciones de acuerdo con la cultura, clase social, raza, género y edad, determinando distintas formas de vivirla. Aún ante tal diversidad, es posible desarrollar relaciones con adolescentes que incluyan la atención, dedicación, bienestar, paciencia y sensibilidad, además de la transmisión de los contenidos curriculares.

Acne: um tratamento para cada paciente / Acne: a treatment for each patient

Acne é uma dermatose de alta prevalência, especialmente em adolescentes e adultos jovens. Acomete homens e mulheres, mas geralmente os homens são afetados pelas formas mais graves da acne. Muitas vezes os pacientes são inicialmente avaliados pelo clínico ou pediatra. Diversas opções terapêuticas estão disponíveis, desde os esfoliantes, antibióticos tópicos e sistêmicos até a isotretinoína sistêmica. A opção terapêutica depende da forma clínica da acne, sua gravidade e algumas características individuais, como adesão ao tratamento e desejo de gestação. A terapia costuma ser de longa duração. O objetivo deste artigo é esclarecer ao médico generalista as nuances da acne e seu tratamento, avaliando o custo e o benefício das terapêuticas disponíveis.

Acne is a prevalent disorder especially in adolescents and young adults. Severe acne is more common in male patients. Usually, patients are initially seen by the clinicians or by the pediatricians. Several therapeutic options are available from exfoliating products, topical and systemic antibiotic to systemic isotretinoin. A few factors must be considered when treating acne: clinical presentation, severity and individual characteristics such as therapy adhesion and pregnancy. The goal of this paper is to clarify to the general practitioners the clinical spectrum of acne and its treatment, taking into account cost and efficacy.

THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL VARICOCELE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE EPIDIDYMIS IN ADOLESCENT RATS / 解剖学报

Objective To study the microstructural and ultrastructural changes of the epididymis of experimental varicocele in adolescent rats and it's role in infertility resulting from varicocele. Methods A varicocele model was performed in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats by partially ligating the left renal vein,the different segments of the epididymides of the rats were prepared for light and electron microscopy,the microstructure and ultrastructure of the epididymis were studied. Results There were lesions of different degree and segment specific changes in the epididymis with varicocele.Light microscopically,the main changes were interstitial vascular hyperemia,lymphocytes infiltration,sperm granuloma developed in the interstitial;The structure of the columnar epithelia was anomalies,epithelial cells degeneration,even the vacuoles appeared in the epithelial cells.The number of halo and clear cells increased.Inside the cavity of the duct,there were shedding cells,macrophage,deformed sperms and residual bodies.Electron microscopically,numerous large lysosomes,the residual bodies,the defected main cellular organelles(e.g. the endoplasmic reticulum,the mitochondrion and the Golgi complex etc.)and even large clear vacuoles were presented in the cytoplasm of principal cells.Clear cells were filled with lysosomes that made them frequently bulging into the lumen.The microvilli of the columnar epithelia were sparse and showed local defects.The thickness of the basal membrane increased.Conclusion\ The experimental varicocele in adolescent rats lead to microstructure and ultrastructure lesions in the epididymis,which may be another important reason of infertility resulting from varicocele.\;[