Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm by laboratory exercise challenge among Ragunan Sport School athletes.

Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a common condition among adolescent athletes. There has been no study examining the prevalence of EIB among adolescent athletes in Indonesia. This study aimed to get the prevalence of EIB among Ragunan Sport School athletes by laboratory exercise challenge. Subjects performed static cycle ergometer exercise (Monark, Sweden) to reach minimal workload of 90% maximal heart rate. Force expiratory ventilation (FEV1) was examined by spirometry (Minato AS-PAL, Japan) at minute 0, 5, 10 and 20 post exercise. The EIB was defined as a decline of FEV1 as much as 10% or more from baseline value. Room temperature and humidity were 28°C-31°C and 74%-82% respectively. There were 168 athletes from 12 sport types who participated in this study. Among them, 23 athletes (13.7%) were EIB positive. The highest percentage of EIB was in taekwondo (54.5%). Sixteen athletes with EIB (70%) were from less asthmogenic sports. Athletes with EIB consisted of 17 (17.5%) females and 6 (8.4%) males. In conclusion, the prevalence of EIB among adolescent athletes was moderately high, and was more prevalent in female. More over, laboratory exercise challenge could elicit EIB in less asthmogenic sport.

Physical Stress Symptoms and Health Risk Behaviors between Adolescent Athletes and High School Students / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of the study was to investigate physical stress symptoms and health risk behaviors of adolescent athletes and high school students as a basis for providing a health promotion program of adolescent athletes. The subjects consisted of 160 male students of a physical education high school(athletes) in Kyonggi and 147 male high school students(non-athletes) in Seoul. Data was obtained from the physical stress symptoms and the health risk behaviors questionnaire. The result were as follows : 1.Physical stress symptoms didn't make significant difference between groups. GI symptom, as the subscale of physical stress symptoms of non-athletes were higher then those of athletes. The highest ranked physical stress symptoms in athletes was cardiopulmonary symptom ll(upper respiratory symptoms) and in non- athletes was central-neurological symptoms. 2.Health risk behaviors didn't make significant difference between groups. Weight control, as the subscale of health risk behaviors of athletes were higher then those of non-athletes. The highest ranked health risk behaviors in athletes was alcohol and in non-athletes was smoking. 3.There were the low positive correlation between physical stress symptoms and health risk behaviors.

Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Behavioral States and Emotional Reactions of Adolescent Athletes / 아동간호학회지

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the progressive muscle relaxation on behavioral states and emotional reactions of adolescent athletes. The participants were 167 adolescent male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 who were junior or high school students in Seoul. Ninety-three of them were assigned to the experimental group, while seventy-four to the control group. The experimental group was treated by 10 sessions (20 min./session) of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation for two weeks, while the control group was not treated. The self and observer reported behavioral states, general stress by visual analogue scale, physical symptoms of stress, athletic stress, state anxiety, depression, self-esteem were measured before and after two weeks of the progressive muscle relaxation. The results were as follows ; 1. The self and observer reported behavioral states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 2. The general stress and the gastrointestinal symptoms of stress were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference on athletic stress was found between the two groups. The depression and the state anxiety were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The self-esteem was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 3. The influential factors on behavioral state of adolescent male athlete were depression and state anxiety. The accelerating factor on behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was state anxiety. These results are suggested that the progressive muscle relaxation could be effective in stabilizing behavioral state, decreasing general stress, gastrointestinal symptoms of stress, depression, state anxiety, in increasing self-esteem of adolescent male athletes. And the behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was influenced by state anxiety.