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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 19(1): 43-46, Jan-Feb/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741231

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pertussis in adolescents and adults with cough lasting more than 14 days and less than 30 days. Methods: This is a prospective observational study in interepidemic period of pertusis. Ten public health outpatient clinics in the city of Recife, Brazil, were randomly selected for the study. The study population consisted of individuals aged 10 years and over with cough that had lasted between 14 and 30 days. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for culture and PCR in order to identify Bordetella pertussis. We adopted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US (CDC) definition of cases of pertussis. Results: A total of 192 individuals were identified as suspected cases. Their mean age was 40.7 years. Pertussis was confirmed in 10 of the 192 suspected cases, with an estimated prevalence of 5.21% (95% confidence interval 2.03-8.38). All cases met the clinical case definition for pertussis; one suspect had both culture and PCR positive. PCR confirmed 100% of the cases, 7/10 by PCR and 3/10 by epidemiological linkage with a case confirmed by PCR. Conclusion: During an interepidemic period, 1 in 20 cases of prolonged cough had pertussis, suggesting this is an important cause of prolonged cough in adolescents and adults. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Bordetella pertussis , DNA, Bacterial/blood , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Brazil , Bordetella pertussis/genetics , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Whooping Cough/diagnosis
2.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 17(3): 445-451, set.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-666006

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho ortográfico e a consciência morfossintática em uma amostra composta por 224 adolescentes e adultos escolarizados. Foram aplicadas tarefas de ditado de palavras e pseudopalavras, julgamento e analogia de palavras, com justificativas, elaboradas com morfemas gramaticais e lexicais que apresentavam concorrência na representação gráfica dos fonemas /s/ e /z/. Os resultados mostraram diferenças importantes entre os morfemas gramaticais e lexicais, sugerindo que tais princípios ortográficos não são apreendidos do mesmo modo. Também não se observou a utilização gerativa desses princípios, apesar de haver evolução na conduta ortográfica e nas explicitações entre o final do ensino fundamental e médio. Foi encontrado um efeito preditor do conhecimento explícito sobre o desempenho ortográfico na escrita de palavras e pseudopalavras. Conclui-se que mesmo nos níveis mais avançados de escolarização ainda há dificuldade na explicitação consciente desses princípios ortográficos.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the spelling and morphosyntactic awareness in a sample of 224 schooled adolescents and adults. Participants were tested in a task of dictations of words and pseudowords, judgment of written words and analogy of words (both with justification) elaborated with grammatical and lexical morphemes that presents competition in the graphical representation of the fonemes / s / and / z /. The results showed significant differences between the morphemes grammatical and lexical, suggesting that these orthographic principles are not attained likewise. It was not also observed the use of generative principles, though it is possible to observe an evolution in the orthographic performance and in the type of justifications used at the end of primary and secondary education. A predictive effect of explicit knowledge about the orthographic performance in spelling words and pseudowords was also observed. It is concluded that even in the most advanced levels of schooling there is still difficulty in explicit aware of the orthographic principles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Adult/psychology , Handwriting , Learning , Linguistics , Aptitude , Brazil , Analysis of Variance
3.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 12(1): 59-70, 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591809

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a função de sensibilidade ao contraste (FSC) de adolescentes e adultos jovens. Mediu-se a FSC para estímulos de grade senoidal linear com frequências espaciais de 0,25, 1,0, 2,0 e 8,0 cpg, utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada com duas alternativas temporais. As medidas foram obtidas com visão binocular e luminância média de 42,6 cd/m². Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e estavam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. As análises apontaram diferenças significantes entre os dois grupos nas frequências baixas, médias e altas. Os adultos foram mais sensíveis que os adolescentes nas frequências baixas (0,25 cpg), e os adolescentes foram mais sensíveis que os adultos nas frequências médias e altas (2,0 e 8,0 cpg). Esses resultados sugerem que o processo de desenvolvimento e maturação da percepção visual de contraste interage de maneira distinta com os mecanismos que processam frequências espaciais.


The aim of this study was to characterize the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of adolescents and young adults. Was measured FSC for linear sine-wave grating stimuli with spatial frequencies of 0.25, 1.0, 2.0 and 8.0 cpd, using the forced-choice psychophysic method with two alternatives temporal. The measurements were performed with binocular vision and the medium luminance of 42.6 cd/m². All participants had normal acuity and were free of ocular pathology. The analysis showed significant differences between the two groups in the low medium and high frequencies. The adults were more sensitive than adolescents in low frequencies (0.25 cpd) and adolescents were more sensitive than adults in middle and high frequencies (2.0 and 8.0 cpd). These results suggest that the process of development and maturation of the visual perception of contrast interacts differently with the mechanisms that process spatial frequencies.


El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la función de sensibilidad al contraste (FSC) de los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Se midió la FSC para estímulos de onda senoidal con frecuencias espaciales lineal de 0,25, 1,0, 2,0 y 8,0 cpg, utilizando el método psicofísico de la elección forzada con dos alternativas. Las mediciones se realizaron con la visión binocular y la luminancia media del 42,6 cd/m². Todos los participantes presentaban acuidad visual normal y estaban libres de enfermedades oculares identificables. El análisis mostró diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en las frecuencias de bajo, medio y alto. Los adultos eran más sensibles que los adolescentes en las frecuencias bajas (0,25 cpg) y los adolescentes eran más sensibles que los adultos en las frecuencias medias y altas (2,0 y 8,0 cpg). Estos resultados sugieren que el proceso de desarrollo y maduración de la percepción visual de contraste interactúa de manera diferente con los mecanismos que las frecuencias de proceso espacial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Contrast Sensitivity , Nervous System , Visual Perception , Psychophysics/classification , Psychophysics/statistics & numerical data , Psychophysics/methods
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(4): 400-404, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-460243

ABSTRACT

Surveys of risky behavior relating to HIV/AIDS are generally made for groups at risk of infection, for which HIV/AIDS prevalence is usually expected to be higher than in the general population. Therefore, an educational homepage in Portuguese was created on the Internet to inform/ask internauts regarding knowledge and behavior. The internauts were classified as adolescents (13 to 25 years) and adults (>25 years). The number of STDs was reported as 1. 8 ± 2. 6 infections (range: 1 to 20 infections); 43 percent used condoms during sexual intercourse. Alcohol consumption was reported by 63 percent and illicit drug use by 32 percent (marijuana 24 percent and inhalants 15 percent). Among the adolescents, 31 percent did not classified alcohol as a drug. The adults more frequently reported homosexuality, anal intercourse and STDs, although the adolescents also presented high rates of risky behavior. These results show the need to reach out to internauts through better control strategies. Different types of strategies must be encouraged, in order to reach people that use this means of communication and entertainment.


Levantamentos de comportamento de risco para HIV/AIDS são geralmente feitos para grupos de risco onde a prevalência é normalmente esperada ser maior que na população geral. Assim, foi criada uma homepage educacional em português para informar/perguntar sobre conhecimento e comportamento aos internautas. Os internautas foram classificados em grupos: adolescentes (13 a 25a) e adultos (>25a). DST foi relatada como 1,8 ± 2,6 infecções (intervalo de 1 a 20 infecções); 43 por cento usaram preservativo durante ralação sexual. Alcool foi referido por 63 por cento, droga ilícita por 32 por cento (maconha 24 por cento e inalantes 15 por cento). Trinta e um por cento dos jovens não classificaram álcool como droga. Adultos referiram maior freqüência em homossexualismo, sexo anal e DST, embora jovens apresentem altas taxas no comportamento de risco. Os resultados mostram necessidade de atingir internautas com melhores estratégias de controle. Diferentes tipos de estratégias devem ser encorajados, a fim de alcançar pessoas que usam este meio de comunicação e de entretenimento.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , HIV Infections/transmission , Health Education/methods , Internet , Risk-Taking , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data
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