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@#Objective To systematically research the policies and core contents of World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) documents on policies, guidelines and standards for health-promoting schools and health services. Methods These policy documents included Making Every School a Health-promoting School: Implementation Guidelines, WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, and Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators, which construct a conceptual and policies framework for health-promoting schools. In perspective of health service system, this study systematically explored the policies, guidelines and standards of WHO and UNESCO on health-promoting schools and health services, as well as the role of health-promoting school component systems in promoting the health of children and how physical activity can be an important area of health-promoting schools. Results The Health Promoting Schools Initiative is an important area of research for the WHO health services. Making Every School a Health-promoting School: Implementation Guidelines primarily serves students aged five to 19, teachers and other staff in schools. WHO Guidelines on School Health Services cover a variety of activity types including health promotion, health education, preventive interventions, clinical assessment and health services management. Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators covers eight global criteria and thirteen specific areas in the areas of policy resources, curriculum and environment, and community engagement. Conclusion WHO and UNESCO have proposed a series of policies related to building health-promoting schools, which focus on child health and advocate the promotion of child and adolescent health, public health, education, social and economic development through schools to achieve the goal of safeguarding the health rights of children and adolescents and meeting health needs. Following the WHO Guidelines on School Health Services and Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators, it proposed to incorporate educational and physical education tools into the school health service system.
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Objectives: Despite numerous interventions to facilitate adolescents' access to family planning (FP) services in West Africa, studies reveal that unmarried adolescents have difficulties accessing these services. This study analyses the supply of the FP services package to unmarried adolescents as well as the profiles of the facilities that provide this package in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Niger. Also, it examines the determinants of the supply of this package. Design: The study adopted a spatiotemporal descriptive analysis and a binary logistic Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model. The data come from surveys conducted in the three countries between 2013 and 2019 as part of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 program. Participants: The target population consists of health facilities that provide health services. Results: The study indicates that more than 80% of FP services are provided by basic health facilities in Burkina Faso and Niger, while in Ghana, the profile is more diversified, including hospitals, polyclinics, and public and private primary health centres. The econometric analysis indicates that regional ownership, examination of client opinion data, ownership of a functioning computer, and knowledge of the served population are the main determinants of the supply of the FP services package to unmarried adolescents. Conclusion: By identifying facility profiles and determinants of FP services supply, this study provides a pathway for action to ensure that adolescents have access to these services regardless of their marital status in West Africa.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Supply , Family Planning Services , Health Facilities , Adolescent , Basic Health ServicesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of level of physical activity on perception of mood states among young students in the final grades of high school. The sample consisted of a total of 216 students, of both sexes, with an average age of 16.89±1.48 years. This cross-sectional research was characterized as descriptive and of a quantitative nature. For data collection, the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. Normality was verified through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Subsequently, inferential statistics for non-parametric data were applied, with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's Post-Hoc tests. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to check the relationship between level of physical activity and mood states. Significance was set at p<0.05. From the results, we found that the perception of mood states reported by young students had significant differences when we consider this population's level of physical activity. Young individuals classified as physically inactive reported a lower level of vigor, as well as a greater predisposition to negative mood aspects compared to physically active ones. In this case, physical activity can contribute to a better perception of psychological health.
RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o efeito do nível de atividade física na percepção dos estados de humor em jovens estudantes das séries finais do Ensino Médio. A amostra foi constituída por um total de 216 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, com uma idade média de 16,89 ±1,48 anos. Esta pesquisa de caráter transversal se caracterizou como descritiva e de aspecto quantitativo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS) e o Questionário de Atividades Físicas Habituais. A verificação da normalidade foi realizada através do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Posteriormente aplicou-se a estatística inferencial para dados não paramétricos, com os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Post-Hoc de Dunn. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para verificar a relação entre o nível de atividade física e os estados de humor. A significância adotada foi de p<0,05. A partir dos resultados verificamos que a percepção dos estados de humor relatadas por jovens escolares possuem diferenças significativas quando consideramos o nível de atividade física dessa população. Jovens classificados como inativos fisicamente relataram um menor nível de vigor bem como uma maior predisposição aos aspectos negativos de humor quando comparado aos jovens ativos fisicamente. Nesse caso, a atividade física pode contribuir para uma melhor percepção da saúde psicológica.
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Resumo A violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes representa uma grave ameaça aos direitos e à saúde integral desse grupo etário. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as características de mães com até 13 anos, analisar o perfil dos casos de estupro notificado nessa mesma faixa etária e as repercussões dessa violência durante a gravidez e parto. Trata-se de estudo comparativo das características da gestação e parto de meninas de até 13 anos que tiveram filhos, sem e com notificação de estupro no Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (VIVA/SINAN). O percentual de meninas até 13 anos que tiveram filhos foi maior em negras (67,5%). A violência de repetição ocorreu em 58,2%. As vítimas de estupro notificadas tiveram maiores percentuais de cesárea, início tardio e menor número de consultas de pré-natal; e seus bebês tiveram peso ao nascer e Apagar do 1º minuto piores que das mães, sem notificação de estupro. O estupro de criança e adolescente é um fator de risco importante que repercute na gestação, em complicações no parto e no nascimento.
Abstract Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a serious threat to the rights and full health of this age group. This study aims to describe the characteristics of mothers aged up to 13, and analyze the profile of cases of notified rape in this age range and repercussions of this violence during pregnancy and childbirth. It is a comparative study of the characteristics of gestation and childbirth of girls aged up to 13 who have had children, without or with notification of rape, in the Violence & Accidents Vigilance (VIVA) System of the Brazilian Case Registry Database (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN). A significant percentage (67.5%) of the girls aged up to 13 with children were of the black race/color category. There was repeated violence in 58.2% of cases. The notified rape victims have a higher percentage of birth by cesarean section, late onset and a lower number of prenatal consultations; and their babies had lower birthweight and lower 1-minute Apgar scores than mothers without rape notification. Rape of children and adolescents is an important risk factor that has repercussions during pregnancy, and complications in delivery and childbirth.
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Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Child , Adolescent , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Rape/statistics & numerical data , Child Abuse, Sexual/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Delivery, Obstetric/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal de 1 630 adolescentes ingresados en el Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Dr Antonio María Béguez César de Santiago de Cuba, de enero a diciembre del 2015, con vistas a identificar sus expectativas respecto a una atención amigable en los servicios hospitalarios, determinar la preparación de médicos y enfermeros y describir la estructura y las condiciones organizacionales de las salas de hospitalización. A tal efecto se aplicaron encuestas a los adolescentes y un cuestionario a los médicos para comprobar sus conocimientos; además se evaluó el desempeño de los facultativos y del personal de enfermería mediante una guía de observación. Entre los aspectos analizados de la serie, la amabilidad del personal sanitario (83,5 por ciento) y la privacidad en los cubículos (60,8 por ciento) resultaron muy importantes para los adolescentes. Igualmente, se observó que la mayoría de los médicos poseían conocimientos adecuados (86,6 por ciento) para la atención a estos pacientes y que todos ellos se desempeñaban de manera aceptable; sin embargo, se detectaron dificultades en la estructura y las condiciones organizacionales de las salas, lo cual condujo a concluir que la institución hospitalaria no reunía las condiciones para ser calificada de amigable
A descriptive and cross-sectional investigation of 1 630 adolescents admitted to Dr Antonio María Béguez César Southern Teaching Children Hospital was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2015, aimed at identifying their expectations regarding a friendly care in hospital services, determining the preparation of doctors and nurses and describing the structure and organizational conditions of hospitalization wards. To such an effect surveys to adolescents and a questionnaire to doctors were applied to check their knowledge; the performance of doctors and nurses staff was also evaluated by means of an observation guide. Among the analyzed aspects of the series, the sanitary staff kindness (83.5 percent) and wards privacy (60.8 percent) were very important for adolescents. Likewise, it was observed that most of the doctors possessed appropriate knowledge (86.6 percent) to care these patients and that all of them had an acceptable performance; however, some difficulties in the structure and organizational conditions of the wards were detected, so it was concluded that the hospital institution didn't fulfill the necessary conditions to be qualified as friendly
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Child , Adolescent , Quality of Health Care , Adolescent, Hospitalized , Adolescent Health Services , Humanization of Assistance , Structure of Services , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Background: Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of critical development and transition. Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Nutrition and health needs of the adolescent are more because of more requirements for growth spurt and increase in physical activity. Objective: To study health profile of adolescents of Bhavnagar district. Methods: The study was carried by Medicine Department, K.J. Mehta Hospital, Amargadh, Bhavnagar during period from September 2014 to August 2015. After taking the permission of principals of 10 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 842 adolescents from 10 schools of Bhavnagar district were examined for nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial version). Results: Mean age was 15.8 ± 1.96 years. Out of 867, 433 (51.4%) were boys and 409 (48.6%) were girls. Vitamin A deficiency was present in 53 (6.3%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 139 (16.5%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 84 (10.0%) adolescents. PEM was observed in 90 (10.7%) adolescents. The study revealed that 67.0% girls were suffering from anaemia compare to 58.7% of boys. 117 (13.9%) adolescents had visual impairment. Conclusions: Poor personal hygiene and nutritional deficiency among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.
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OBJETIVO: determinar a capacidade preditiva de quatro equipamentos distintos de bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) na avaliação de adolescentes, com e sem a realização de protocolo. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal realizado com 215 adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos, de ambos os sexos, avaliados através da antropometria e da composição corporal pelo DEXA e por quatro equipamentos distintos de BIA, com e sem protocolo. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, do Qui-quadrado, t-Student ou Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon e Índice Kappa. Foram construídas curvas ROC e calculados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e preditivos positivo e negativo. RESULTADOS: dos adolescentes, 44,2% apresentaram excesso de gordura corporal. A BIA tetrapolar, equipada com oito eletrodos táteis, demonstrou-se mais sensível e com resultados mais próximos ao DEXA (AUC = 0,964 com protocolo e AUC = 0,973 sem protocolo, p < 0,001), apresentando, também, maior concordância (k = 0,67 com protocolo, e k = 0,63 sem protocolo, p < 0,001). A avaliação sem protocolo foi semelhante ao DEXA na maioria das situações investigadas (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: a BIA é um instrumento capaz de predizer distrofias relacionadas à gordura corporal de adolescentes. Na impossibilidade de realização do protocolo, seus resultados podem ser úteis em estudos populacionais.
OBJECTIVE: this study was performed to determine the predictive capacity of four different bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices in the assessment of adolescents, with and without a protocol. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was performed with 215 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years, of both genders, evaluated through anthropometry and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by four different BIA devices, with and without a protocol. The following tests were used: Kolmogorov-Smirnov's, chi-squared, Student's t or Mann-Whitney's, Kruskal-Wallis's, Wilcoxon's, and kappa index. The ROC curves were constructed and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: of the 215 adolescents, 44.2% had excessive body fat. The tetrapolar BIA device equipped with eight tactile electrodes showed more sensitivity and results that were closer to those obtained by DXA (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.964 with protocol and AUC = 0.973 without protocol, p < 0.001), as well as greater agreement (k = 0.67 with protocol and k = 0.63 without protocol, p < 0.001). The evaluation without protocol was similar to that by DXA in most investigated situations (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: BIA is capable of predicting alterations in adolescents' body composition. When it is impossible to perform the assessment with a protocol, its results may be useful in population studies.
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Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Absorptiometry, Photon/instrumentation , Adiposity/physiology , Body Composition/physiology , Clinical Protocols/standards , Electric Impedance , Body Mass Index , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal de adolescentes e sua associação com o estado nutricional e a condição socioeconômica. Métodos: A população foi constituída por 313 adolescentes, com idade entre 15 e 19 anos. O índice CPO-D foi avaliado utilizando-se o formulário proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para levantamentos epidemiológicos em saúde bucal. Para o diagnóstico do estado nutricional, calculou-se o índice de massa corporal, classificado conforme o padrão de referência do National Center for Health Statistics e os pontos de coorte recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os dados socioeconômicos foram obtidos pelo questionário da Associação Brasileira de Anunciantes/Associação Brasileira de Institutos de Pesquisa de Mercado. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se predominância de adolescentes do sexo masculino (70,9%) e de 15 anos (31,3%). A maioria dos adolescentes apresentava CPO-D maior que zero (81,2%), era eutrófica (88,5%) e foi classificada socioeconomicamente como C e D (49,2% e 38,0%, respectivamente). Houve aumento significativo das médias do índice de CPO-D com a idade (F=44,65; p<0,001). Encontraram-se maiores prevalências de CPO-D maior que zero entre o sexo masculino, entre os adolescentes mais jovens e entre aqueles de classe socioeconômica C. Não houve associação significativa entre a classificação do CPO-D e o estado nutricional. Conclusão: Destaca-se a necessidade de maior enfoque para a Odontologia preventiva nos serviços de atenção básica em saúde, com o compromisso das ações de saúde coletivas nos diferentes níveis do governo.
Objective: To assess the oral health of adolescents and its association with nutritional status and socioeconomic condition. Methods: The population consisted of 313 adolescents, aged between 15 and 19 years. DMFT index was assessed using the form proposed by the World Health Organization for epidemiological surveys in oral health. For the diagnosis of nutritional status, body mass index was calculated, classified in accordance with the standard reference of the National Center for Health Statistics and the cut off points recommended by the World Health Organization. Socioeconomic data were obtained using the questionnaire of the Brazilian Association of Advertisers/Brazilian Association of Market Research Institutes. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: Predominance of male adolescents (70.9%) aged 15 years (31.3%) was observed. The majority of the adolescents had DMFT higher than zero (81.2%), were eutrophic (88.5%), and were classified socioeconomically as Classes C and D (49.2% and 38.0%, respectively). There was a significant increase in DMFT index means with age (F = 44.65, p <0.001). Greater prevalences of DMFT higher than zero were found among males, among younger adolescents and among those of socioeconomic class C. There was no significant association between the classification of the DMFT and nutritional status. Conclusion: We point out the need for greater focus on preventive dentistry in the primary health care services, with commitment to collective health actions at the different levels of government