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ObjectiveThe hygroscopic properties of Mume Flos decoction pieces were studied from the perspectives of macroscopic［water activity（Aw）］ and microscopic（water molecular mobility）， which provided a theoretical basis for the determination of the safe storage moisture content. MethodAdsorption isotherm of Mume Flos decoction pieces was obtained by static weighing method， and seven common hygroscopic models were fitted and estimated. The best model was selected according to the principle that determination coefficient（R2） was closer to 1， residual sum of squares（RSS） was closer to 0 and Akaike information criterion（AIC） was smaller. According to the optimal model， the absolute and relative safe moisture contents of Mume Flos decoction pieces at 25， 35， 45 ℃ was calculated. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） was used to measure the water molecular mobility in the hygroscopic process of Mume Flos decoction pieces. ResultThe best model to describe the adsorption isotherm of Mume Flos decoction pieces was the Peleg model. According to the model expression， the absolute safe moisture contents of Mume Flos decoction pieces at 25， 35， 45 ℃ were 9.59%， 7.96% and 7.68%， and the relative safe moisture contents were 13.05%， 11.99%， 11.77%， respectively. Mume Flos decoction pieces all contained two water states during the process of hygroscopic absorption at different temperatures， namely bound water T21 and free water T22. During the process of hygroscopic absorption， bound water had the largest increase in peak area. The sum of peak areas of the bound water and free water had a good linear relationship with the moisture contents， and the R2 were 0.959 9， 0.911 8 and 0.974 7 at 25， 35， 45 ℃， respectively. When Aw<0.57， T21 did not change， and the water molecular mobility remained unchanged. When Aw>0.57， T21 showed an increasing trend， and the water molecular mobility increased. The moisture contents of Mume Flos decoction pieces were 8.44%， 6.81% and 6.25% when the water molecular mobility increased at 25， 35， 45 ℃， respectively. ConclusionCombined with the theory of water activity and water molecular mobility， 6.25% is recommended as the safe storage moisture content of Mume Flos decoction pieces， this study can provide reference for determining the safe storage moisture content of other decoction pieces.
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Objective:To investigate the moisture adsorption and thermodynamic characteristics of raw products， wine-processed products and fried charcoal products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， in order to guide their drying and storage. Method:Static isotherm weighing method was used to determine the adsorption isotherm curves of three Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces at 25， 35， 45 ℃， and the test data were fitted with 7 commonly used water adsorption models to determine the best model for studying the adsorption thermodynamic parameters of these decoction pieces. Result:The best adsorption models of these three decoction pieces were all GAB model. At 25， 35， 45 ℃， the absolute safe moisture content of fried charcoal products was 7.43%， 6.79% and 6.20%， of wine-processed products was 8.68%， 8.17% and 7.03%， of raw products was 9.88%， 9.36% and 7.77%， respectively. At 25， 35， 45 ℃， the relative safe moisture content of fried charcoal products was 9.46%， 8.63% and 8.21%， of wine-processed products was 11.49%， 11.03% and 9.74%， of raw products was 13.49%， 12.66% and 11.14%， respectively. The net equivalent heat of adsorption （Qst） and differential entropy （Sd） of these three kinds of decoction pieces all decreased with the increase of equilibrium moisture content， Qst and Sd were in accordance with the entropy-enthalpy complementary theory. The constant velocity temperatures of raw products， wine-processed products and fried charcoal products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were 386.66， 391.15， 394.34 K （unit conversion of 1 K=-272.15 ℃）， their Gibbs free energies were 0.372 2， 0.406 0， 0.372 2 kJ·mol-1， respectively. Their adsorption processes were an unspontaneous process driven by enthalpy. Conclusion:The orders of equilibrium moisture content， monomolecular layer moisture content， Qst and Sd of three Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces are all raw products>wine-processed products>fried charcoal products. The moisture absorption capacity of the decoction pieces is ranked as raw products>wine-processed products>fried charcoal products. The frying and roasting process significantly affects the hygroscopicity and thermodynamic properties of the three decoction pieces， the reason for this difference may be that the high temperature of the stir-frying results in the decrease of the hygroscopic groups and the increase of the hydrophobic materials in raw products， and the change in the texture of the decoction pieces. The research on the water adsorption characteristics of three Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces can provide reference for selecting their storage conditions and drying process.
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Aim: To study the contrasting effect of adsorption and removal of cadmium ions using wheat straw biochar, rice straw biochar and attapulgite clay in contaminated aqueous solution. Methodology: Batch sorption experiment was carried out to investigate the parameters influencing the adsorption capacity such as pH, initial cadmium concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time. The physical and chemical characteristics of biochars and clay were studied and adsorption mechanism was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and X-ray diffraction, which indicated high adsorption and removal of Cd+2ions by wheat straw biochar was mainly due to the presence of surface carboxyl functional groups –OH, C-O, COOH that reacted Cd2+ions. Results: The adsorption effect of wheat straw biochar (WSB), rice straw biochar (RSB) and attapulgite (ATP) clay were compared. The results showed that adsorption isotherms were best fit to Langmui isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics study well matched with pseudo second order model and the maximum adsorption equilibrium of WSB, RSB and ATP reached to 100, 160, and 120 min, respectively. The results showed that adsorption rate was maximum at pH 6 with 0.1 g dose of adsorbent, 40 mg l-1 metal concentration, and contact time of 100 min at 30°C for WSB. The maximum percent removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution was in the order WSB>ATP>RSB, 95%, 91% and 88%, respectively. Interpretation: The results explored that wheat straw biochar has high Cd2+adsorption rate and removal efficiency in contaminated water than others. Hence, the results explored that WSB is a potential, low-cost adsorbent and can be used as cadmium decontaminant in polluted water with no secondary pollution.
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Affinity chromatography is characterized by its high specificity,high recovery rate and sensitivity,and it has been widely used in the selection of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,separation and enrichment of low molecular weight sugars and protein peptides,research on mechanism of action and discovery of targets.This paper reviewed the application of affinity chromatography and its adsorption isotherm model,kinetic model and adsorption thermodynamic mechanism in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.This summarizes and provides thinking for comprehensive applications of affinity chromatography theory in the field of active ingredient screening,purification and medicine interaction.
Subject(s)
Adsorption , Chromatography, Affinity , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic profile of hexavalent chromium onto lumbang (Aleurites moluccana) activated carbon chitosan composite crosslinked with epichlorohydrin were studied. The optimum conditions were identified at pH 3, contact time of 75 min, adsorbent dose of 3 g/L, initial concentration of 60 ppm, and 30ºC temperature resulted to a removal efficiency of 93%. The composite has a round and elliptical adsorption sites, contains –OH and –NH2 functional groups, and has increased stability with epichlorohydrin crosslinking. The adsorption process is best characterized by the Langmuir isotherm suggesting a monolayer adsorption nature of Cr(VI). The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second order model and the adsorption process is exothermic. The investigated adsorption phenomenon described a chemisorption process, with 21.32 kJ mol-1 mean free energy, due to the functional groups identified and the high porosity of the adsorbent surfaces.
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Abstract The interaction of the water molecules from the environment with foods and other materials can be evaluated using sorption isotherms. Films and biodegradable films are susceptible to changes in their functional characteristics due to adsorbed water. The amount of moisture that biodegradable films can adsorb depends on the temperature, relative humidity of the storage area and chemical composition. Several mathematical models can be used to describe the behavior of sorption isotherms in biodegradable films and some of them have been modified to include the temperature parameter into the equation. In this research, the original and modified BET, GAB, Halsey, Henderson and Oswin models were assessed to determine their suitability describing the behavior of moisture adsorption isotherms of chitosan films at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C. The modified models of GAB, Oswin and Halsey gave the best fit to the experimental sorption data of the chitosan films, with R2 values higher than 0.97 demonstrating that those models describe better the sorption isotherms at the temperatures studied.
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Low cost agro-waste was used as adsorption support for single-step purification of endoglucanase from the culture filtrate of A. fumigatus ABK-9. Among various agro-waste substrates, 1% NaOH pretreated rice bran was proved to be the best for adsorbing about 74.8 and 71.1% of endoglucanase at 4 °C and 10 °C respectively. Langmuir type adsorption isotherm at 4 °C showed maximum adsorption of enzyme at pH 5.0, which was in the range of optimum pH of the enzyme. The rice bran column bound enzyme was maximally eluted by a mixture of acetate buffer (0.05 M, pH 5.5) and ethanol (40%, v/v) at a ratio of 3:2 and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. A 5.52-fold purification of the enzyme was achieved from culture supernatant. The specific activity and recovery yield after purification were 294.0 U/mg and 40.15%, respectively, which were comparable with other contemporary protocols. The homogeneity of the enzyme was tested through sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single band of 56.3 kDa was observed. Zymogram analysis finally confirmed the occurrence of endoglucanase in the single band.
Subject(s)
Adsorption , Aspergillus fumigatus/enzymology , Cellulase/isolation & purification , Cellulase/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Temperature , ThermodynamicsABSTRACT
In the current study, one thermostable endoglucanase was purified from Penicillium notatum NCIM NO-923 through mixed solid state fermentation of waste cabbage and bagasse. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 55kDa as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme had low activation energy (Ea) of 36.39KJ mol-1 for carboxymethyl cellulose hydrolysis and the enthalpy and entropy for irreversible inactivation was 87 kJ mol −1 and 59.3 J mol −1 K−1 respectively. The enzyme was quite thermostable with a Tm value of 62.2˚C. The pKa1 and pKa2 of ionizable groups of the active sites were 2.5 and 5.3 respectively. Apparent Km, Vmax and Kcat of the enzyme were found to be 5.2 mg mL-1, 80 U/gds and 322.4 sec-1 respectively. The enzyme showed about 1.4 fold increased activity in presence of 10mM MgSO4. Adsorption of endoglucanase on Avicel at wide pH range was studied at different temperatures. Langmuir type adsorption isotherm at 10˚C showed maximum adsorption strength of enzyme at pH 3.0, which was in a range of optimum pH of the enzyme.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brassica , Cellulase/analysis , Entropy , Enzyme Activation , Fermentation , Isotherm , Penicillium chrysogenum/isolation & purification , Electrophoresis, Disc , Food Samples , Hydrolysis , Industrial MicrobiologyABSTRACT
La adsorción de iones Cd(II) y Ni(II) desde soluciones acuosas sobre carbón activado se estudia con diferentes valores de pH. La adsorción de los iones se realiza en dos condiciones de pH de la solución: en la primera el pH varía en el transcurso del proceso a medida que los iones se adsorben y en la segunda el pH se mantiene fijo durante la adsorción. Cuando no se realiza un control en el pH de la solución se observan incrementos en la concentración de los iones hidronio que alcanzan un valor máximo alrededor de pH 4, para los dos iones, y cuyos valores son de 346 mmol mL¹ para el caso de la adsorción de Cd(II) y de 436 mmol mL-1 para el Ni(II). Para todos los valores de pH y las dos condiciones del proceso de adsorción se observa una mayor cantidad de Ni(II) adsorbida con valores entre 0,04 y 0,42 mmol.g-1, mientras que para el Cd(II) la máxima cantidad adsorbida es de 0,16 mmol.g¹. El aumento de los iones hidronio en las soluciones de Cd(II) y Ni(II), en las que no se controla el valor del pH, favorece el proceso de adsorción, en tanto que al mantener un pH fijo en la solución, se obtienen adsorciones menores de los iones.
The Cd (II) and Ni(II) ions adsorption from aqueous solutions on activated carbon is studied to different values of pH. The ions adsorption is carried out under two conditions of pH solution: in the first one, the pH changes in the course of the process as the ions are adsorbed; in the second one, the pH is kept fixed during the adsorption. When the solution is not controlled, the hydronium ions concentration increases, reaching a maximum value around a pH of 4, for both ions, whose values are of 346 mmolmL-1 for the case of the adsorption of Cd (II) and of 436 mmol.mL-1 for Ni(II). For all the pH values and the two conditions of the adsorption process, much more quantity of Ni (II) is adsorbed with values between 0.04 and 0.42 mmol.g-1, while for the Cd (II) the maximum amount adsorbed is 0.16 mmol.g-1. The increase of the hydronium ions in the Cd(II) and Ni(II) solutions, in which the value of the pH is not controlled, helps the process of adsorption, while keeping pH fixed in the solution, ions are adsorbed in a less quantity.
Neste artigo se estuda a adsorção de iones Cd(II) e Ni(II) de soluções aquosas sobre carvão ativado a diferentes valores de pH. A adsorção dos iones se realiza baixo duas condições de pH da solução: na primeira o pH varia em decorrência do processo à medida que os iones se adsorvem; na segunda o pH se mantém fixo durante a adsorção. Quando não se realiza um controle no pH da solução se observam incrementos na concentração de iones hidrónio, que atinge um valor máximo arredor de pH 4, para os dois iones, cujos valores são 346 mmolmL-1 para o caso da adsorção de Cd(II) e 436 mmol.mL-1 para o Ni(II). Para todos os valores de pH e as duas condições do processo de adsorção se observa uma maior quantidade de Ni(II) adsorvida com valores entre 0,04 e 0,42 mmol.g-1, enquanto para o Cd(II) a máxima quantidade adsorvida é 0,16 mmol.g-1. O aumento dos iones hidrónio nas soluções de Cd(II) e Ni(II), nas que não se controla o valor do pH, favorece o processo de adsorção; enquanto ao manter um pH fixo na solução se obtêm adsorções menores dos iones.
ABSTRACT
A manga, embora muito apreciada pelos seus aspectos nutricionais e sensoriais, é altamente perecível e requer técnicas peculiares para sua conservação e comercialização. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar o comportamento higroscópico dos pós de manga das variedades Coité e Espada por meio das isotermas de adsorção e também analisar as características físico-químicas dessas variedades de manga nas formas in natura e em pó. Os resultados indicaram que os pós de manga não mostraram diferença significativa em relação às características físico-químicas, exceto para o valor de pH. Contrariamente, nas amostras in natura, apenas o pH não apresentou diferença significativa. Entre os modelos matemáticos utilizados para ajuste das isotérmicas de adsorção, o modelo de GAB foi o mais adequado para se ajustar aos dados experimentais, apresentando o teor de água da monocamada (gx100g-1 de matéria seca) de 0,09086 e 0,08857, com erros relativos médios de 6,76 e 2,86 por cento para Coité e Espada, respectivamente. O modelo de Oswin foi o segundo modelo matemático que apresentou valores muito próximos de encaixar o modelo de GAB.
The mango, is much appreciated by its nutritional and sensorial characteristics, but is highly perishable and requires specific techniques for its conservation and marketing. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the hygroscopic behavior of powdered mango varieties Coite and Espada cv. using adsorption isotherms and physicochemical characteristics of theses varieties of mango in natura and powder. The results showed that the mango powders didn't show significant difference in relation to physicochemical characteristics, except for the pH value. In contrary, in nature samples only the pH didn´t show significant difference. Among the mathematical models used to fit the adsorption isotherms, the GAB model was the more appropriate to fit the experimental data showing the water content of the monolayer of 0,09086 and 0,08857 (gx100g-1 dry matter) and relative average errors of 6,76 and 2.86 percent for Coité and Espada, respectively. The Oswin model was the second mathematical model that showed very close values to fit the GAB model.
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En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la calorimetría de inmersión en benceno sobre monolitos de carbón activado tipo disco y panal, que se obtuvieron mediante activación química de cascara de coco con cloruro de zinc a diferentes concentraciones. Adicionalmente, las estructuras fueron caracterizadas por adsorción de N2 a 77 K. Las entalpías de inmersión determinadas se encuentran entre 73,5 y 164,2 Jg-1; con los datos de inmersión se calculó el área accesible y se comparó con el área obtenida mediante adsorción de N2 a 77K, encontrando una buena correlación. En todas las muestras se observó un aumento de la entalpía de inmersión en benceno con el área superficial, igualmente una disminución de la energía característica con el aumento del volumen de poro.
This work presents the results obtained from immersion calorimetry in benzene on activated carbon monoliths disc and honeycomb type that were obtained from coconut shell using chemical activation with zinc chloride at different concentrations. The structures were characterized by adsorption N2 at 77 K. The immersion enthalpies are between 73.5 and 164.2 Jg-1. Using immersion enthalpy data the accessible area was calculated and compared with the area obtained by N2 adsorption at 77K. A good correlation was found. In all the samples was observed an increase in the immersion enthalpy into benzene with the surface area. In addition there was a decrease in the energy characteristic with increasing pore volume.
Neste trabalho se apresentam os resultados obtidos da calorimetría de imersão em benzeno sobre monolitos de carvão ativado tipo disco e panal que se obtiveram mediante activação química de casca de coco com cloreto de zinco a diferentes concentrações. Adicionalmente as estruturas foram caracterizadas por adsorção de N2 a 77 K. As entalpías de imersão determinadas se encontram entre 73,5 e 164,2 Jg-1, com os dados de imersão se calculo o área acessível e se comparo com o área obtida mediante adsorção de N2 a 77K, encontrando uma boa correlação. Em todas as mostras se observo um aumento da entalpía de imersão em benzeno com o área superficial. Ademais se observou uma diminuição da energia característica com o aumento do volume de poro.
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Several synthetic dyes employed in textile and food industries are discharged into aquatic environment. These visible pollutants in water damage environment, as they are carcinogenic and toxic to humans. The use of cost effective and ecofriendly plant cellulose based adsorbents have been studied in batch experiments as an alternative and effective substitution of activated carbon for the removal of toxic dyes from waste water. Adsorbents prepared from sugarcane baggase, were successfully used to remove certain textile dye such as crystal violet from an aqueous solution. The present investigation potentiate the use of sugarcane baggase, pretreated with formaldehyde (referred as Raw Baggase) and sulphuric acid (referred as Chemically Activated Baggase), for the removal of crystal violet dye from simulated waste water. Experiments were carried out at neutral pH with various parameters like dye concentration, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dosage. Efficiency of raw baggase was found better than chemically activated baggase for adsorption of crystal violet dye. The data obtained perfectly fits in the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
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Se determinan las entalpias de inmersión de cinco telas de carbón activado en CCl4, H2O, y soluciones de NaOH y HCl 0,1 M. Los valores de área superficial de las telas se encuentran entre 243 y 848 m²g-1, y presentan una relación lineal con las entalpías de inmersión en CCl4. Las entalpías de inmersión de las telas de carbón están entre 5,49 y 42,3 Jg-1 para el CCl4 y entre 3,83 y 7,54 Jg-1 para el H2O. Las entalpías de inmersión en las soluciones se relacionan con los contenidos de grupos ácidos y básicos, y se encuentra que para el primer caso, al aumentar la entalpía de inmersión en NaOH, aumenta la acidez total. Se calcula el factor hidrofóbico a partir de las entalpías de inmersión en CCl4 y H2O, que indica la interacción del sólido con compuestos polares y apolares, y a la vez se relaciona con el pH PZC de cada muestra.
The immersion enthalpies of five activated carbon cloths in carbon, CCl4,H2O and NaOH and HCl 0.1 M solutions are determined. The surface area values of the cloths are between 243 and 848 m²g-1 and exhibit a linear relationship with the immersion enthalpies in CCl4. The immersion enthalpies of carbon cloths are between 5.49 and 42.3 Jg-1 for CCl4 and 3.83 and 7.54 Jg-1 for H2O. The immersion enthalpies in the solutions are related to the contents of acidic and basic groups and find that in the first case to increase the immersion enthalpy in NaOH increases the total acidity. Hydrophobic factor is calculated from the immersion enthalpies in CCl4 and H2O, that indicate the interaction with polar and apolar compounds, and also relates to pH PZC each sample.
Determinam-se as entalpías de imersão de cinco telas de carvão activado em CCL4HO , e soluções de NaOH e HCl 0,1 M. Os valores de área superficial das telas encontram-se entre 243 e 848 m²g-1, e apresentam uma relação lineal com as entalpías de imersão em CCl4. As entalpías de imersão das telas de carvão estão entre 5,49 e 42,3 Jg-1 para o CCl4 e entre 3,83 e 7,54 Jg-1 para o H2O. As entalpías de imersão nas soluções relacionam-se com os conteúdos de grupos ácidos e básicos e encontra-se que para o primeiro caso ao aumentar a entalpía de imersão em NaOH aumenta a acidez total. Calcula-se o factor hidrofóbico a partir das entalpías de imersão em CCl4 e H2O, que indica a interacção do sólido com compostos polares e apolares, e ao mesmo tempo se relaciona com o pH PZC da cada mostra.
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Amyloglucosidase enzyme was produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL 3122 from solid-state fermentation, using deffated rice bran as substrate. The effects of process parameters (pH, temperature) in the equilibrium partition coefficient for the system amyloglucosidase - resin DEAE-cellulose were investigated, aiming at obtaining the optimum conditions for a subsequent purification process. The highest partition coefficients were obtained using 0.025M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0 and 25ºC. The conditions that supplied the highest partition coefficient were specified, the isotherm that better described the amyloglucosidase process of adsorption obtained. It was observed that the adsorption could be well described by Langmuir equation and the values of Qm and Kd estimated at 133.0 U mL-1 and 15.4 U mL-1, respectively. From the adjustment of the kinetic curves using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm, the adsorption (k1) and desorption (k2) constants were obtained through optimization by the least square procedure, and the values calculated were 2.4x10-3 mL U-1 min-1 for k1 and 0.037 min-1 for k2 .
A enzima amiloglicosidase foi produzida por Aspergillus niger NRRL 3122 através de fermentação em estado sólido, tendo como substrato farelo de arroz desengordurado. Os efeitos dos parâmetros de processo (pH e temperatura) no coeficiente de partição no equilíbrio, para o sistema amiloglicosidase - resina DEAE-celulose foram investigados, com o objetivo de se obter as melhores condições para um posterior processo de purificação. Os maiores coeficientes de partição foram obtidos usando tampão Tris-HCl 0,025M pH 8,0 e 25°C. Determinadas as condições que forneceram o maior coeficiente de partição obteve-se a isoterma que melhor descrevia o processo de adsorção de amiloglicosidase. Foi verificado que adsorção pode ser bem descrita pela equação de Langmuir e os valores de Qm e Kd foram estimados em 133,0 U mL-1 e 15,4 U mL-1 respectivamente. A partir do ajuste das curvas cinéticas utilizando o método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem, obteve-se as constantes de adsorção (k1) e dessorção (k2) através da otimização pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, os valores encontrados foram 2,4x10-3 mL U-1 min-1 para k1 e 0,037 min-1 para k2.
ABSTRACT
Se preparan telas de carbón activado, a partir de dos materiales tejidos de algodón, por activación química mediante impregnación en soluciones acuosas diluidas de ZnCl2, AlCl3 y H3PO4 y la posterior carbonización en atmósferas de nitrógeno y dióxido de carbono hasta una temperatura final de 850 °C . Se presentan los porcentajes de contracción y rendimiento así como los parámetros estructurales determinados por adsorción de N2 77 K, y se comparan con algunos parámetros cristalográficos determinados por difracción de rayos X. Las telas de carbón activado preparadas presentan áreas superficiales de 210 m2g-1 y 951 m2g-1 así como volúmenes de microporo de 0,09 cm3g-1 y 0,528 cm3g-1que permiten estudiar la influencia de los materiales de partida, el agente químico utilizado en la impregnación y la atmósfera de carbonización.
Activated carbon cloths are prepared by chemical activation of two woven materials of cotton, by the impregnation in diluted aqueous solutions of ZnCl2, AlCl3 and H3PO4 and the later carbonization in nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmosphere up to a final temperature of 850 °C . We report the percentage of contraction and yield as well as the structural parameters determined by adsorption of N2 77 K, and they are compared with some crystallographic parameters determined by X-ray diffraction. The prepared activated carbon cloths exhibit a superficial area of between 210 m2g-1 and 951 m2g-1, as well as micropore volumes 0,09 cm3g-1 and 0,528 cm3g-1 that allows to study the influence of the precursors, the chemical agent used as impregnant and the atmosphere of carbonization.
Os panos ativado de carbono são preparados por activação química de dois materiais tecidos do algodão, impregnando- thos em soluções aguadas diluídas de ZnCl2, AlCl3 e H3PO4 e carbonizando- lhos numas atmósfera de nitrogênio e de dióxido de carbono até uma temperatura final de 850 °C . Nós relatamos a porcentagem da contração e rendimento, assim como os parâmetros estruturais determinados pela adsorção do N2 77 K, e eles são comparados com alguns parâmetros cristalográficos determinados pela difração de raios X. Os panos preparados de carbono ativado exibem uma área superficial de 210 m2g-1 e 951 m2g-1 e volumes do micropore de 0,09 cm3g-1 e 0,528 cm3g-1 que permitem estudar a influência dos precursors, de agente químico usado como impregnante e a atmósfera de carbonição.
ABSTRACT
Se preparan dos telas de carbón activado a partir de la activación química de textiles de algodón. La preparación de los materiales se lleva a cabo por medio de la impregnación de éstos en una solución 0,10 M de H3PO4 , seguida de una carbonización en atmósfera de dióxido de carbono hasta una temperatura final de 825°C. Se presentan los análisis termogravimétricos de las telas de partida que permiten ajustar las condiciones experimentales de carbonización así como los porcentajes de contracción y rendimiento de los materiales preparados, que se encuentran entre un 50% y 20% respectivamente. Las telas de carbón activado preparadas presentan áreas superficiales de 796 m² g-1 y 951 m² g-1 así como volúmenes de microporo de 0,416 cm³ g-1 y 0,528 cm³ g-1 . Un estudio calorimétrico de los sólidos preparados permite estimar que las entalpías de inmersión en tetracloruro de carbono son -4,66 J g-1 y -5,05 J g-1 respectivamente. Los resultados de un análisis por microscopia óptica de las telas preparadas también son presentados.
The present work reports the results of the preparation of two activated carbon cloths by chemical activation of cotton based fabrics. The preparation of the materials was achieved by its impregnation into a solution 0.10 M of H3 PO4 , followed by carbonisation in carbon dioxide atmosphere up to 825ºC . Thermal analysis of the precursor fabrics that allow to adjust the experimental conditions of carbonization are presented, as well as the contraction percentages and yield of the prepared materials that are respectively between 50% and 20% The activated carbon cloths prepared exhibit a superficial area of 796 m² .g-1 and 951 m² .g-1 , and micropore volume of 0.416 cm³ g-1 y 0.528 cm³ g-1 . A calorimetric study of the prepared solids allows to estimate that the immersion enthalpies in carbon tetrachloride are - 4.66 J g-1 and -5.05 J g-1 respectively. The optical microscopy results of the prepared cloths also are presented.
Nós relatamos os resultados da preparação de dois tecidos de carvões ativados pela ativação química da teia baseadas em algodão. A preparação dos materiais foi conseguida pela sua impregnação em uma solução 0.10 M de H3 PO4 , seguida pelo carbonização na atmosfera de dióxido de carbono até uma temperatura de análise de 825ºC . Análise térmica dos tecidos do precursor que reservam para ajustar as condições experimentais do carbonização são apresentadas, assim como as porcentagens da contração e o rendimento dos materiais preparados que estão entre 50% e 20% respectivamente. Os tecidos ativados preparados de carbono exibem uma área superficial de 796 e 951 m 2 g-1 , e um volume de microporo de 0.416 cm 3 g-1 y 0.528 cm³ g-1 . Um estudo calorimetrico dos sólidos preparados reserva para estimar que as entalpias da imersão no tetracloreto do carbono são -4.66 J g-1 e -5.05 J g-1 respectivamente. Os resultados pelo microscopia ótica dos tecidos preparados são apresentados também.