EXPLORING RESILIENCE IN ADOLESCENTS OF MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION

Mental health of people in India is becoming a growing concern. Most mental health problems diagnosed in adulthood begin in adolescence. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the concept of resilience gained momentum and deserves special attention. Resilience is a vital skill for navigating life's ups and downs. Resilience is a major and significant asset which adolescents need to combat the adversities and the toll these stressful experiences have on their well-being and mental health. Thus, it is important to explore and understand the resilience among the adolescents. The current paper aims to study the resilience of adolescents with respect to gender, type of family and birth order. The sample comprised of 47 adolescents (13-15 years of age) of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Data was collected using a researcher made tool. The findings revealed that resilience of adolescents does not vary on the basis of gender, type of family and birth order. Thus, it can be concluded that gender, type of family and birth order has no effect on resilience of adolescents.

Study on the correlation among nurses′ adversity quotient, self-efficacy and positive coping style and work engagement / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and positive coping styles between nurses′ adversity quotient on work engagement, so as to provide a theoretical reference for nursing managers to promote work engagement.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 512 nurses from four tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province, and a cross-sectional study was conducted on them using the general information questionnaire, Adversity Response Profile, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9.Results:The total scores of nurses' adversity response profile, self-efficacy, positive coping style and work engagement were 132.00(120.00, 139.00), 27.00(23.00, 29.00), 24.00(20.00, 25.00), 27.00(25.00, 35.00) points. Nurses' work engagement was significantly positively correlated with adversity quotient, self-efficacy and positive coping styles( r values were 0.523-0.614, all P<0.01). The independent mediation of self-efficacy or positive coping styles and the chain mediation of both accounted for 23.6%,40.9% and 15.9% of the total effect respectively. Conclusions:Nurses′ adversity quotient not only directly affected work engagemnet, but also indirectly affected work engagement through self-efficacy and positive coping style. The research suggested that managers should pay attention to the improvement of nurses′ self-efficacy and positive coping style, so as to promote nurses′ work engagement.

Trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP), experiencias adversas tempranas y sesgos cognitivos: una revisión sistemática

Introducción: La investigación actual y los artículos rastreados sobre adversidad temprana y sesgos cognitivos en pacientes con trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) evidencian la relación entre estas variables y la gravedad de los síntomas clínicos de este trastorno. Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia de la relación entre adversidad temprana, sesgos cognitivos y agudización de los síntomas del TLP. El vacío investigativo tiene que ver con el tipo específico de adversidad temprana y su relación con el tipo específico de sesgos cognitivos y el curso del TLP de pacientes con este diagnóstico. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura y para reportar la evidencia se utilizó la versión 2020 de la declaración Prisma. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science y PsycInfo. En la búsqueda también se incluyeron bases de datos de literatura gris como Google Académico, Open Gray y WorldCat. Resultados: En total se incluyeron en el estudio 13 artículos que satisficieron criterios de originalidad, temática estudiada (adversidad temprana, funcionamiento cognitivo y sintomatología límite) y población indicada (pacientes con diagnóstico de TLP). Conclusiones: Si bien existe evidencia de que la adversidad temprana en general es un factor de riesgo para el TLP, se necesita más investigación para comprender los tipos específicos de adversidad que pueden estar más fuertemente relacionados con el desarrollo del TLP. Si bien algunos estudios han identificado sesgos cognitivos en individuos con TLP, poco se conoce sobre el modo en que estos sesgos se desarrollan y cambian con el tiempo, o según la etapa de exposición del paciente a la adversidad temprana.

Introduction: Current research and articles on early adversity and cognitive biases in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) demonstrate the relationship between these variables and the severity of the clinical symptoms of this disorder. Objective: The aim was to systematically review the evidence of the relationship between early adversity, cognitive biases, and exacerbation of symptoms of borderline personality disorder. The research gap concerns the particular type of early adversity and its relationship with the specific type of cognitive biases and the course of BPD in patients with this diagnosis. Methodology: We conducted a systematic literature review, and the Prisma statement version 2020 was used to report the evidence. The databases consulted were Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo. Gray literature databases, such as Google Scholar, Open Gray, and WorldCat, were also included in the search. Results: We included 13 articles in the study that met the criteria for originality, studied theme (early adversity, cognitive functioning, and borderline symptomatology), and target population (patients diagnosed with a personality disorder). Conclusions: We found that while there is evidence that early adversity, in general, is a risk factor for BPD, further research is needed to understand the specific types of adversity that may be more strongly related to the development of BPD. In addition, although some studies have identified cognitive biases in individuals with BPD, little is known about how these biases develop and change over time or according to the stage of the patient's exposure to early adversity.

Early life adversity and depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

The onset of depression is related to many factors such as biological, psychological and social environment, and more and more studies have shown that early life adversity is a risk factor for depression. Patients with depression who have early life adversity have different clinical characteristics, such as greater cognitive impairment and higher risk of suicide, which may be related to changes in cognitive patterns. In addition, early life adversity can cause endocrine, immune and nervous system specific changes in depressed patients. This article reviews the relationship and mechanism between various types of early life adverse and depression, explores the onset of depression and provides theory evidence for early intervention.

Exploration of four dimensional training path of adversity quotient for nursing undergraduates in medical colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

How to improve the ability of nursing undergraduates in medical colleges to face more difficulties and reverse the dilemma in response to public health emergencies is a topic that needs to be further studied. It is an effective way to improve the level of students' adversity quotient by cultivating students' adversity quotient. This paper expounds the four dimensions of the composition of the four-dimensional adversity quotient, analyzes the factors influencing the formation of the four-dimensional adversity quotient, and puts forward the exploration of the path and method to cultivate the four-dimensional adversity quotient of undergraduate nursing students. In the practical teaching of nursing specialty, the adversity quotient can be cultivated through listening and communication.

Adolescentes alvos de bullying e adversidade familiar: estudo caso-controle / Teenagers targets of bullying and family adversity: case-control study

Ser vítima de bullying na infância e adolescência é fator de risco para surgimento de transtornos mentais. As variáveis adversas do ambiente familiar contribuem para envolvimento em situações de bullying. Objetivou-se comparar o nível de adversidade familiar de adolescentes alvo de bullying (n = 21) e não-vítimas (n = 21), pareados por idade, sexo e sala de aula. Adolescentes alvo de bullying foram identificados pela Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula e pela Escala de Violência Escolar. O nível de adversidade familiar foi avaliado pelo Índice de Adversidade Familiar de Rutter. Verificou-se maior adversidade familiar no grupo composto por alvos de bullying (p > 0,05). A frequência de discórdia conjugal foi mais elevada em famílias de alunos alvos de bullying (Z = -2,01, p = 0,04). Reitera-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento/implementação de programas voltados para diminuir fatores de risco e promover fatores de proteção junto às famílias.

Being a victim of bullying in childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for the emergence of mental disorders. Adverse family environment variables contribute to involvement in bullying situations. This study aimed to compare the level of family adversity of adolescents who were bullied (n = 21) and non-victims (n = 21), matched for age, sex and classroom. Adolescents bullied were identified by Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula and Escala de Violência Escolar. The level of family adversity was assessed using the Rutter Family Adversity Index. There was greater family adversity in the group composed of bullied teenagers (p > 0.05). The frequency of marital discord was higher in families of students who were bullied (Z = -2.01, p = 0.04). The data reiterate the need to develop and implement programs aimed at reducing risk factors and promoting protective factors with families.

Adolescentes alvos de bullying e adversidade familiar: estudo caso-controle / Teenagens targets of bullying and family adversity: case-control study

Ser vítima de bullying na infância e adolescência é fator de risco para surgimento de transtornos mentais. As variáveis adversas do ambiente familiar contribuem para envolvimento em situações de bullying. Objetivou-se comparar o nível de adversidade familiar de adolescentes alvo de bullying (n = 21) e não-vítimas (n = 21), pareados por idade, sexo e sala de aula. Adolescentes alvo de bullying foram identificados pela Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula e pela Escala de Violência Escolar. O nível de adversidade familiar foi avaliado pelo Índice de Adversidade Familiar de Rutter. Verificou-se maior adversidade familiar no grupo composto por alvos de bullying (p > 0,05). A frequência de discórdia conjugal foi mais elevada em famílias de alunos alvos de bullying (Z = -2,01, p = 0,04). Reitera-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento/implementação de programas voltados para diminuir fatores de risco e promover fatores de proteção junto às famílias.

Being a victim of bullying in childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for the emergence of mental disorders. Adverse family environment variables contribute to involvement in bullying situations. This study aimed to compare the level of family adversity of adolescents who were bullied (n = 21) and non-victims (n = 21), matched for age, sex and classroom. Adolescents bullied were identified by Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula and Escala de Violência Escolar. The level of family adversity was assessed using the Rutter Family Adversity Index. There was greater family adversity in the group composed of bullied teenagers (p > 0.05). The frequency of marital discord was higher in families of students who were bullied (Z = -2.01, p = 0.04). The data reiterate the need to develop and implement programs aimed at reducing risk factors and promoting protective factors with families.

Validation of the Portuguese version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences and characterization of psychotic experiences in a Brazilian sample

Objective: We investigated: i) the reliability and validity of a Brazilian version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), developed to detect and characterize psychotic experiences in the general population; and ii) the association between psychotic experiences, childhood adversity, and cannabis use in a population-based sample. Methods: We performed factorial analyses and generalized linear models with CAPE scores as the dependent variable in a sample composed of 217 first-episode psychosis patients, 104 unaffected biological siblings, and 319 non-psychotic population-based participants. Results: After removing seven items from its positive dimension and two items from its negative dimension, a 33-item Brazilian version of the CAPE showed acceptable adjustment indices (confirmatory fit index = 0.895; goodness of fit index = 0.822; parsimony goodness of fit index = 0.761; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.055, p [RMSEA ≤ 0.05] = 0.04) and internal consistency in all its dimensions (> 0.70). Childhood adversity was associated with higher scores in all three dimensions, as well as with total score. Lifetime cannabis use was associated with higher scores only in the positive dimension. Conclusion: The proposed Brazilian version of the CAPE corroborates the tridimensional approach for assessing psychosis-proneness, and the frequency and severity of psychotic manifestations are distributed as a spectrum in the general population.

Relationship between adversity quotient and professional values in standardized-trained nurses / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between adversity quotient and professional values in standardized-trained nurses. METHODS: OBJECTIVE: sampling method was adopted, 502 nurses who received standardized training from third class A hospitals were selected as research subjects. Questionnaire survey was carried out by Adversity Quotient Scale and Weis Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised to calculate standardized scores of adversity quotient and professional values. RESULTS: The standardized scores of adversity quotient and professional values in the standardized-trained nurses were(3.2±0.4) and(3.8±0.6). The standardized scores of professional values, care provision, activism, responsibility, freedom and safety, and trust in standardized-trained nurses were positively correlated with the standardized score of adversity quotient(correlation coefficients were 0.192, 0.160, 0.179, 0.227, 0.166, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the higher the score of freedom and safety in standardized-trained nurses, the higher the level of adversity quotient(P<0.01). The level of adversity quotient of those who are satisfied with their position was higher than those who are indifferent to their position(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The adversity quotient of standardized-trained nurses is positively correlated with their professional values. The level of adversity quotient of standardized-trained nurses can be improved by cultivating good professional values to stabilize the clinical nursing team.

Reliability and validity of Adversity Quotient Scale for nurses / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of Adversity Quotient Scale in evaluating the adversity quotient among nurses. METHODS: A total of 409 nurses were selected as study subjects from three first-class hospitals in Fujian Province by cluster sampling method. The adversity quotient was investigated by Adversity Quotient Scale and its reliability and validity were tested. RESULTS: The Cronbach′s alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, Guttman Split-Harf coefficient and retest reliability of Adversity Quotient Scale were 0.931, 0.826, 0.823 and 0.940, respectively. The content validity ratio of Adversity Quotient Scale was 0.980. The scores of control, attribution, extension and tolerance factors were positively correlated with the total score of Adversity Quotient Scale(correlation coefficients were 0.813, 0.844, 0.874 and 0.822, respectively, P<0.05). Before model modification, the initial model fitting index of confirmatory factor analysis was χ~2/df=3.72, root mean square residual approximate(RMSEA)=0.09, the overall fitting of the model was not high. After model modification, the combined reliability of control, attribution, extension and tolerance factors were 0.780, 0.796, 0.831 and 0.871, respectively. The fitting index of the modified model was χ~2/df=3.08, RMSEA=0.07, showing a good fitting of the model. CONCLUSION: Adversity Quotient Scale has a good reliability and validity in the assessment of nurses, which can be a reliable and effective adversity quotient assessment tool.

¿En qué medida la adversidad temprana y la depresión explican la satisfacción de pareja? / How does early adversity and depression explain satisfaction of a couple?

Las experiencias adversas durante la infancia pueden constituirse en eventos traumáticos que impactan la calidad de los vínculos y la salud mental a lo largo del ciclo vital, siendo la depresión un trastorno frecuente en quienes reportan estas vivencias. La depresión ha sido asociada positivamente a la adversidad temprana y negativamente con la satisfacción de pareja durante la adultez, pero se desconoce el valor explicativo de la adversidad temprana y la depresión en los niveles de satisfacción de pareja. Considerando estos antecedentes, se desarrolló un estudio transversal, correlacional y comparativo en 160 madres y padres chilenos(as). Los resultados mostraron altos niveles de satisfacción de pareja y una asociación positiva entre las experiencias adversas y la depresión en padres y madres. Las madres presentaron mayores puntajes que los padres en depresión [t(79) =4.72, p<.001] y en experiencias adversas tempranas [t(79)= 3.468, p<.001], explicando la depresión materna y paterna junto a la satisfacción de pareja paterna un 51.8% de la satisfacción de pareja en las mujeres. En cuanto a los padres, su sintomatología depresiva y la satisfacción de la madre, explicaron un 58.9% de su satisfacción de pareja. Se discute la relevancia y las implicancias clínicas de los resultados

Adverse experiences in childhood are often traumatic events that affect relationships and mental health throughout the life cycle, with depression being a prevalent disorder in those who report them. Although depression has been positively associated with early adver-sity and negatively with couple satisfaction during adulthood, there are no studies that evaluate the explanatory value of both variables at the level of couple satisfaction. Therefore, a cross-sectional, correlational and comparative study was carried out in 160 fathers and mothers. The results showed high levels of couple satisfaction and a positive association between childhood adverse experiences and depression in parents. Mothers showed higher scores than fathers in depression [t(79) = 4.72; p <, 001] and in childhood adverse experiences [t(79) = 3,468 p <.001]. Moreover, for them, depression explained 53% of couple satisfaction. As for the father, a depressive symptomatology, childhood adverse experiences and the mother's depressive symptomatology explained 35% of his couple satisfaction

Los vínculos y la superación de la adversidad en adolescentes. Su evaluación a través del TAT de Murray / Adolescents links and overcoming adversity. evaluation through the TAT of Murray

Presentamos en este artículo los resultados de la investigación subsidiada y aprobada por UBACyT: "Los vínculos adolescentes y la autoestima". Los desarrollos de la investigación se focalizan en el estudio de los vínculos y la superación de adversidad de los adolescentes con la administración de una técnica de evaluación psicológica: - Test de Apercepción Temática. Las láminas seleccionadas de acuerdo a los criterios de interpretación del autor enfrentan al sujeto con situaciones de tristeza, soledad, carencias, actitudes frente al mundo exterior. El trabajo de campo consistió en administrar la técnica mencionada a un grupo de 74 jóvenes varones y mujeres de entre 14-16 años que cursan sus estudios secundarios en escuelas medias del Gran Buenos Aires. Las variables evaluadas en la muestra en estudio permiten la detección de modalidades de vinculación de los adolescentes. Se analizaron los resultados en forma cualitativa y cuantitativa

We present in this article the final results of the research subsidized and approved by UBACyT \"The adolescent links and the self-stem". The research presented focuses on the study of adolescents overcoming of adversity with the administration of the psychological evaluation technique: Thematic Apperception Test. The films selected according to the author\'s interpretation criteria face the subject with situations of sadness, loneliness, deficiencies, overcoming obstacles. The fieldwork consisted of administering the mentioned technique to a group of 74 young men and women between 14-16 years old who attend in middle schools in GBA. The variables evaluated in the study sample allow the detection of attachment patterns of adolescents. The results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Narratives and Resilience Life Stories as a Methodological Mediation to Rebuild the Wounded Existence / Narrativas y resiliencia las historias de vida como mediación metodológica para reconstruir la existencia herida

Resumen Este artículo busca poner en diálogo la categoría de resiliencia con el enfoque narrativo, desde un acercamiento a las historias de vida como mediación metodológica cualitativa de particular significación, para leer de manera comprensiva lo que acontece a los sujetos cuando relatan la vida contando historias, reconociendo que el accenso a la humanidad como construcción subjetiva pasa por esa capacidad para relatar la propia vida, atravesada por experiencias límites. La atención se pone en las mismas historias de vida como mediación y su significación para la investigación en resiliencia. El método de trabajo se apoyó en una revisión documental, con un trabajo de análisis categorial, buscando elementos teóricos y metodológicos que fortalezcan la investigación en resiliencia desde el enfoque narrativo.

Abstract This paper establishes a dialogue between the resilience and the narrative perspective, from an approach to life stories as a qualitative methodological mediation of particular significance. It aims to read comprehensively what happens to subjects when they relate life-telling stories, recognizing that lighting the human fact as a subjective construction involves the capability to relate one's life, permeated by borderline experiences. Attention is focused in life experiences as mediation, and their signification is in consideration for resilience research. The method was based on a documentary review, and a categorical analysis, searching for theoretical and methodological elements that strengthen resilience research from the narrative approach.

Coeficiente de Adversidad en aspirantes a soldados del Ejército Ecuatoriano / Adversity quotient in training soldier staff of the Ecuadorian Army

Introducción: Coeficiente de Adversidad (Adversidad Quotient ® - AQ, en su versión original en inglés), es el producto más robusto y método ampliamente utilizado en el mundo para medir la resiliencia humana. Objetivo: determinar el Coeficiente de Adversidad en aspirantes a soldados del ejército. Método: se ejecutó una revisión del estado de la cuestión lo que llevó a adoptar las bases teóricas que sustentan el estudio. Metodológicamente fue de tipo transeccional, descriptivo de campo, teniendo como población 1 227 aspirantes a soldados y una muestra total de 332 unidades de información correspondientes a 10 pelotones seleccionados al azar, de los dos cursos académicos. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de información fue el Coeficiente de Adversidad, compuesto por 75 ítems, los cuales evaluaron los factores control, propiedad, alcance y duración, así como determinaron el Coeficiente de Adversidad terreno de la muestra estudiada. Resultados: los más importantes permiten reportar, que el personal posee altos niveles de control, Propiedad y Duración, en referencia al Alcance, el nivel también es alto pero en menor medida que los anteriores. Conclusiones: en términos generales la muestra posee un alto nivel de coeficiente de adversidad(AU)

Introduction: Adversity Quotient®, is the most robust product and method widely used in the world to measure human resilience. Objective: To set the Adversity Quotient, in the Army future soldiers. Method: A review of the state of the issue was carried out, which led to the adoption of the theoretical bases that support the study. The methodology was of the field trans-sectional type, having 1227 candidates for future soldiers and a total sample of 332 units of information corresponding to 10 platoons selected at random, from two academic courses. The instrument used for data collection was the Adversity Quotient, composed of 75 items, which evaluated the factors Control, Property, Scope and Duration, as well as determined the field Adversity Quotient of the sample studied. Results: The most important results allows to report that the personnel has high levels of Control, Property and Duration, in reference to the Scope the level is also high but in a lower average to the previous ones. Conclusion: In general terms the sample has a high level of adversity coefficient(AU)

Epigenetic pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder based on the HPA aixs / 中国药理学通报

Currently,the worldwide frequency of catastrophic e-vents has made post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)a major public health problem.As a stress-related psychiatric disorder, PTSD is considered as the result of interaction between gene and environments (especially early life adversity).The epigenetics plays an important role in PTSD pathogenesis.Due to the core role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)axis,the research on the relationship between HPA axis epigenetics and PTSD pathogenesis in recent years was reviewed in the paper so as to provide references and thinking of the prevention and therapy for PTSD in the future.

Habitat areas extracting of Poria cocos in Anhui based on "3S" technologies / 中国中药杂志

"Adversity" is one primary element that impacts the pharmacology components of authentic Chinese herbal medicine. Knowledge about "adversity" is a precondition of yield estimation, quality monitoring, location selection and the geo-herbalism protection. Used 3S(GIS, RS and GPS) technology to combine multi-source key ecological factors of "Anling", and used parasitic relationships between organisms to extracting its suitable region for the first time. Results showed that the "Anling" were mainly distributed in Dabie coteau. Suitable area amount to 36.8 km², Yuexi, Shucheng, Jinzhai and Qianshan which account for about 93.55% of whole congenial region. The first three accounts for about 80.82%. It was Yuexi that account for 1/3 above especially. Field investigation verify accuracy of extraction about 91.67%, which has confirmed it is feasible that using the relationship between parasitic host and parasitic to extract native environment of parasitic traditional medicine based on 3S technology.

Measuring child maltreatment using multi-informant survey data: a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis / Dados de levantamento com múltiplos informantes para a mensuração de maus-tratos na infância: uma análise fatorial confirmatória de segunda ordem

Objective To investigate the validity and reliability of a multi-informant approach to measuring child maltreatment (CM) comprising seven questions assessing CM administered to children and their parents in a large community sample. Methods Our sample comprised 2,512 children aged 6 to 12 years and their parents. Child maltreatment (CM) was assessed with three questions answered by the children and four answered by their parents, covering physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit indices of different models. Convergent and divergent validity were tested using parent-report and teacher-report scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was investigated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment to divide subjects into five diagnostic groups: typically developing controls (n = 1,880), fear disorders (n = 108), distress disorders (n = 76), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 143) and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (n = 56). Results A higher-order model with one higher-order factor (child maltreatment) encompassing two lower-order factors (child report and parent report) exhibited the best fit to the data and this model's reliability results were acceptable. As expected, child maltreatment was positively associated with measures of psychopathology and negatively associated with prosocial measures. All diagnostic category groups had higher levels of overall child maltreatment than typically developing children. Conclusions We found evidence for the validity and reliability of this brief measure of child maltreatment using data from a large survey combining information from parents and their children.

Objetivo Investigar a validade e confiabilidade de uma abordagem de múltiplos informantes para a mensuração de maus-tratos na infância, composta por sete questões avaliando maus-tratos na infância respondidas pelas crianças e seus pais em uma ampla amostra comunitária. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 2.512 crianças com idades entre 6 e 12 anos e seus pais. Maus-tratos na infância foram avaliados com três questões respondidas pelas crianças e quatro respondidas pelos seus pais, investigando violência física, negligência física, violência emocional e violência sexual. Análises fatoriais confirmatórias foram utilizadas para comparar os índices de ajuste de diferentes modelos. Validade convergente e divergente foi testada utilizando escores de relato parental e de relato dos professores no Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Validade discriminante foi investigada utilizando a entrevista Development and Well-Being Assessment para dividir os participantes em cinco grupos diagnósticos: controles com desenvolvimento típico (n = 1.880), transtornos do medo (n = 108), transtornos do estresse (n = 76), transtorno de déficit de atenção-hiperatividade (n = 143) e transtorno opositivo-desafiador/conduta (n = 56). Resultados Um modelo de segunda ordem com um fator de segunda ordem (maus-tratos na infância) englobando dois fatores de primeira ordem (relato da criança e relato parental) demonstrou o melhor ajuste aos dados, e os resultados de confiabilidade desse modelo foram aceitáveis. Como esperado, maus-tratos na infância estiveram positivamente associados a medidas de psicopatologia e negativamente associados a medidas pró-sociais. Todos os grupos de categorias diagnósticas tiveram níveis mais altos de maus-tratos na infância do que as crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Conclusões Foram encontradas evidências de validade e confiabilidade dessa medida breve de maus-tratos na infância utilizando dados de um grande levantamento combinando o relato de pais e seus filhos.

The meta-analysis of electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation and adverse effect / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective The effect of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on smoking reduction,cessation and human health remains controversial,meanwhile,studies tocused on e-cigarettes are limited.We conducted this meta-analysis in purpose of helping figuring out the controversy.Methods PubMed, Medline,Embase,Cochrane library,CNKl and Wanfang Databases were searched for articles published up to May 2014.All studies discussing the relationship between e-cigarettes and smoking reduction,smoking cessation or human health were included.The fixed or random-eftect model was used to pool the relative risk(RR).Outcome 4 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,there were totally 7 002 subjects.Meta-analysis indicated that there was significant difference in e-cigarettes and smoking reduction,RR=1.88,95％ CI:1.07-3.32,P=0.09.The Meta-analysis showed that e-cigarettes were available in smoking cessation.RR=1.55,95％ CI:1.24-1.95,P=0.001.Conclusion Tiffs meta-analysis indicated that e-cigarettes were helpful in smoking cessation.Nonetheless,the articles included were too few to credibly support the outcome.Hence,more high-quality,randomized blind and large sample experiments are needed to verify the results.

Sobre o inesperado: administrando a adversidade do imprevisto e do diverso no trabalho grupal / About the unexpected: managing the adversity of unexpectedness and diversity in group sessions / Sobre lo inesperado: administrando la adversidad de lo imprevisto y de lo diverso en el trabajo grupal

Na psicanálise vincular, a presença do outro real externo, assim como os acontecimentos incontroláveis, perturbam, provocam efeitos de surpresa e desgosto, mas também de descoberta, ao poderem enriquecer nossas vidas e proporcionar aprendizagem. O autor reflete sobre esses efeitos, e também sobre diversidade e adversidade, com exemplos clínicos e reflexões sobre a abordagem de tais fenômenos a partir da aceitação da realidade com certa boa vontade. O diverso e o inesperado costumam estimular o surgimento de suscetibilidades narcísicas referentes a pequenas diferenças, causando mal-entendidos. Parece ser uma sina humana entender o mundo segundo sua versão particular e ter uma vivência preconceituosa do diverso, como algo que parece adverso. De qualquer modo, não há controle sobre o inesperado. Tudo passa pela tolerância à frustração e aceitação da incerteza.

In psychoanalytic clinic of bonds, the presence of an external and real other, as well as uncontrollable events might disturb and generate feelings of surprise and disgust. In contrast, they can also lead to discovery, which can also enrich our lives by stimulating learning. The author reflects upon these effects and also about diversity and adversity with clinical examples on dealing with those phenomena by accepting reality with good will. The diverse and unexpected might lead to the appearance of narcissistic susceptibilities to small differences among people, leading to misunderstandings. It seems to be a human misfortune to understand the world according to one's own version, prejudging the diverse as adverse. Nonetheless, there is no control over the unexpected. Everything relates to tolerance to frustration and acceptance of uncertainty.

En el psicoanálisis vincular la presencia del otro real externo, así como los acontecimientos incontrolables perturban, provocan efectos de sorpresa y disgusto, pero también de descubrimiento, una vez que pueden enriquecer nuestras vidas, y proporcionar aprendizaje. El autor reflexiona sobre estos efectos, y también sobre la diversidad y la adversidad, con ejemplos clínicos y reflexiones sobre el abordaje de tales fenómenos a partir de la aceptación de la realidad con cierta buena voluntad. Lo diverso y lo inesperado suelen estimular el surgimiento de susceptibilidades narcisistas referentes a pequeñas diferencias, causando malentendidos. Parece ser una suerte humana, entender el mundo según su versión particular, y tener una vivencia prejuiciosa de lo diverso, como algo que parece adverso. De cualquier modo, no hay control sobre lo inesperado. Todo va desde la tolerancia hasta la frustración y aceptación de la incertidumbre.

Adversidad psicosocial, psicopatología y funcionamiento en hermanos adolescentes en alto riesgo (HAR) con y sin trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) / Psicosocial adversity, psychopatology and functioning in adolescents siblings with high risk with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo altamente heredable. La determinación de las características clínicas, los factores de adversidad y el nivel de funcionamiento en hermanos de probandos con TDAH, denominados en alto riesgo (HAR), podría ayudar a establecer el riesgo al cual están sometidos. Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia de TDAH y otros trastornos psiquiátricos en HAR. Como objetivos secundarios, establecer los factores de adversidad psicosocial que predicen el TDAH en HAR y determinar la magnitud del efecto sobre el funcionamiento y otros trastornos psiquiátricos cuando los hermanos tienen TDAH (HAR TDAH +) comparados con quienes no lo tienen (HAR TDAH -). Material y método Este estudio multicéntrico es descriptivo, transversal y analítico. La muestra (n=84) se conformó por hermanos adolescentes de probandos diagnosticados con TDAH que compartían a ambos padres. Resultados El 45.2% (n=38) tuvo TDAH. El 17.9% (n=15) no presentó trastorno psiquiátrico alguno. Ser HAR TDAH+ incrementó al menos cuatro veces más la probabilidad de presentar trastorno negativista desafiante (RM=4.3; IC 95% 1.3-14.8), dato que mantuvo significancia al ajustarse por sexo, edad y número de adversidades (RM=3 IC 95% 1.8-10.9). Ser HAR TDAH+ incrementó casi cinco veces la probabilidad de presentar disfunción académica (RM=4.84 IC 95% 1.41-16.63). El promedio general de adversidades fue 3.3 (DE=1.4). Encontramos psicopatología en ambos padres en el 51.2% de la muestra (ES=0.055). La disfunción familiar grave incrementó 2.5 veces la probabilidad de presentar TDAH en los HAR (IC 95% 1.06-6.25). Al comparar los grupos con tres o más adversidades psicosociales, no existieron diferencias significativas (81.6% vs. 65.2%; p=0.14). Conclusiones El estudio clínico de los HAR para TDAH es necesario debido a las distintas implicaciones que tiene a nivel de la prevención, la atención oportuna y la mejoría del pronóstico de estos sujetos. Palabras clave: Hermanos en alto riesgo, adolescentes, TDAH, adversidad psicosocial, comorbilidad...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. The determination of the clinical features, adversity factors and level of functioning in siblings of probands with ADHD, known as a high risk (ADHD R Sib), could help us to establish the risk to which they are subjected. Objective To determine the frequency of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders in R Sib. Secondary objectives were to establish the psychosocial adversity factors that predict ADHD R Sib and determine the magnitude of effect on performance and other psychiatric disorders when siblings have ADHD (R Sib+) compared to those without ADHD (R Sib-). Material and methods This multicenter study is descriptive, transversal and analytical. The sample (n=84) was formed by adolescent siblings of probands with ADHD who shared both parents. Results While 45.2% (n=38) had ADHD, 17.9% (n=15) had no psychiatric disorder. Being a R Sib+ increased at least four times the likelihood of having oppositional defiant disorder (OR=4.3, 95% CI 1.3-14.8). These data remained significant when adjusted for sex, age and number of adversities (RM 95=3, 1.8-10.9%). Being a R Sib+ increased almost five times the probability of academic dysfunction (OR=4.84, 95% CI 1.41-16.63). The overall average was 3.3 adversities (SD=1.4). Psychopathology in both parents was found in 51.2% of the sample (ES=0.055). Severe family dysfunction increased 2.5 times the probability of having ADHD in a R Sib (95% CI, 1.066.25). When comparing the groups with three or more psychosocial adversities, there were no significant differences (81.6% vs. 65.2%, p=0.14). Conclusions The clinical study of R Sib for ADHD is necessary due to the different implications in terms of prevention, early care and prognosis improvement of these patients...