Anticuerpos IgG4 específicos anti Aedes aegypti como factor protector en niños con dengue grave / Aedes aegypti-specifc IgG4 Antibodies as a Protection Factor in Children with Severe Dengue / Anticorpos IgG4 específicos anti-aedes aegypti como fator de proteção em crianças com dengue grave

Resumen: Introducción: La infección por el virus del dengue es un problema de salud pública mundial. El virus es transmitido por la picadura de mosquitos del género Aedes. Las proteínas de la saliva del vector Aedes aegypti inducen anticuerpos IgE e IgG4 específicos, cuya relación con la gravedad del dengue aún es desconocida. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre anticuerpos IgE e IgG4 específicos anti A. aegypti con la gravedad de la infección por dengue. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que se incluyeron 16 niños con dengue grave (DG), 15 niños con dengue con signos de alarma (DCSA) y 26 niños sanos, todos menores de 15 años. Se determinaron niveles séricos de IgE e IgG4 específicas de A. aegypti; también se cuantificó VEGF, SST2 y VEGFRI por ELISA. Para las variables cualitativas se calcularon proporciones y odds ratio (OR); en las variables cuantitativas se hallaron medianas, rango intercuartílico y se utilizó la prueba U Mann Whitney. Resultados: La oportunidad de los niños de tener dg con niveles séricos de IgG4 específica mayores de 0,5 OD es 78 % menor [OR=0,22] (IC de 95 % de 0,06-0,77), comparado con la oportunidad de tener dg con niveles séricos de IgG4 específica menores de 0,5 OD. Plaquetas (p=0,0002) y VEFG (p=0,003) más elevado en los pacientes con DCSA y SST2 fue más alto en el DG (p=0,004). Conclusión: Niveles de anticuerpos de IgG4 anti A. aegypti se relacionan con menor gravedad clínica del dengue.

Abstract: Introduction: Dengue virus infection is a global public health problem. The bite of Aedes mosquitoes transmits the virus. The proteins in the saliva of the Aedes aegypti vector induce specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies, whose relationship with the severity of dengue is still unknown. Aim: To evaluate the association between A. aegypti-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies and the severity of dengue infection. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 16 children with severe dengue (DG), 15 children with dengue and warning signs (DCSA), and 26 healthy children, all of them under 15 years of age. Serum levels of A. aegypti-specific IgE and IgG4 were determined; VEGF, SST2, and VEGFRI were also quantified by ELISA. For the qualitative variables, proportions and odds ratios (OR) were calculated; as to the quantitative variables, medians and interquartile range were found and the U Mann Whitney test was used. Results: Children's chance of having DG with specific IgG4 serum levels greater than 0.5 DO is 78 % lower [OR = 0.22] (95% CI, 0.06-0.77), compared to the possibility of having dg with specific IgG4 serum levels less than 0.5 DO. Platelets (p = 0.0002) and VEFG (p = 0.003) that are higher in patients with DCSA and SST2 were higher in DG (p = 0.004). Conclusion: A. aegypti-specific IgG4 antibody levels are related to lower clinical severity of dengue.

Resumo: Introdução: A infecção pelo vírus da dengue é um problema mundial de saúde pública. O vírus é transmitido pela picada de mosquitos do gênero Aedes. As proteínas na saliva do vetor Aedes aegypti induzem anticorpos IgE e IgG4 específicos, cuja relação com a gravidade da dengue ainda é desconhecida. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre anticorpos IgE e IgG4 específicos Anti-Aedes ae-gypti com a gravidade da infecção por dengue. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal no qual foram incluídas 16 crianças com dengue grave (DG), 15 crianças com dengue com sinais de alarme (DCSA) e 26 crianças saudáveis, todas com menos de 15 anos de idade. Os níveis séricos de IgE e IgG4 específicos para Aedes aegypti foram determinados. VEGF, SST2 e VEGFR1 também foram quantificados por ELISA. Para as variáveis qualitativas, foram calculadas proporções e odds ratio (OR). Nas variáveis quantitativas foram encontradas medianas, intervalo interquartil e utilizado o teste U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: A chance de as crianças terem dg com níveis séricos de IgG4 específica maiores que 0,5 od é 78% menor [OR=0,22] (IC 95% 0,06-0,77), em comparação com a chance delas terem dg com níveis séricos de IgG4 específica menor que 0,5 od. As plaquetas (p=0,0002) e VEFG (p=0,003) foram maiores nos pacientes com DCSA e o SST2 foi maior no DG (p=0,004). Conclusão: Os níveis de anticorpos IgG4 Anti-Aedes aegypti estão relacionados à menor gravidade clínica da dengue.

Factores de riesgo relacionados con la positividad al mosquito Aedes aegypti en viviendas del área de salud del Policlínico Municipal / Risk factors related to the positivity to Aedes aegypti mosquito in houses of the Municipal Polyclinic health area

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles representados por 155 y 310 viviendas, respectivamente, para identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con la positividad al mosquito Aedes aegypti en el radio de acción del Policlínico Municipal de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2012. Entre esos factores de riesgo constituyeron los principales: depósitos bajos no protegidos, patios no saneados, salideros, tanque elevado y otros, acerca de los cuales se obtuvieron el odds ratio, la razón atribuible poblacional y la fracción etiológica. Se concluyó que tales factores perpetuaron la presencia de focos del vector en esos hogares de la mencionada área de salud

A case and control study represented by 155 and 310 houses, respectively, to identify risk factors related to the positivity to Aedes aegypti mosquito in the area of the Municipal Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out during 2012. Among the risk factors there were: unprotected low deposits, dirty yards, likings, high deposits and others, about which the odds ratio, the populational attributable reason and the etiologic fraction were obtained. It was concluded that such factors perpetuated the presence of the vector focuses in those homes of the aforementioned health area

Distribution of Mosquito Larvae on Kosrae Island, Kosrae State, the Federated States of Micronesia

Surveys of mosquito larvae were carried out in six areas of Kosrae Island, Kosrae State, the Federated States of Micronesia in December 2009 and June 2012. A total of 962 larvae of six species were collected from 106 natural and artificial habitats. They were identified as <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, <i>Ae. marshallensis</i>, <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>, <i>Cx. annulirostris</i>, and <i>Cx. kusaiensis</i>. This is the first report from Kosrae Island for three of these species—<i>Ae. marshallensis</i>, <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>, and <i>Cx. annulirostris</i>. The most abundant species was <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, followed by <i>Ae. marshallensis</i>, and these two species were found in all areas. Relatively large numbers of <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> and <i>Cx. kusaiensis</i> were found in five areas. Fewer <i>Cx. annulirostris</i> were found, and only in three areas. <i>Aedes aegypti</i> larvae were collected from a single habitat at Tafunsak in 2009. To prevent the outbreak of dengue fever, environmental management should focus on the destruction, alteration, disposal and recycling of containers that produce larger numbers of adult <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes.

Efectos de Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) sobre huevos de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) en insectario / Effects of Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Aedes aegypti (Díptera: Culicidae) eggs in an insectarium

Se evaluó por primera vez en Cuba la acción de Tapinoma melanocephalum, una especie de hormiga causante de daños en cultivos agrícolas, en un insectario de Entomología Médica sobre las puestas de huevos de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti en las colonias de crías y en el lugar de almacenamiento. La colonia de hormigas procedía de una población natural estudiada que se estableció en el insectario. Los huevos respondían a 2 épocas de oviposición distintas (recién puestos entre las 24 h y almacenados durante 8 meses). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una mayor depredación de T. melanocephalum sobre los huevos de Aedes aegypti recién puestos (Z= 9,1; p< 0,0001) .La acción depredadora de Tapinoma melanocephalum sobre las puestas de huevos de Aedes aegypti, se debe tener en cuenta en la colonización de este mosquito.

The action of Tapinoma melanocephalum, an ant species causing damages to agriculture, on Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti eggs was evaluated for the first time in Cuba at an insectarium of Medical Entomology in the breeding colonies and the storage place. The ants colony came from a studied natural population established inside the insectarium. Eggs belonged to two different oviposition times: (a) laid within the previous 24 h. and (b) stored in the lab for 8 months. The results obtained showed a higher predation of T. melanocephalum over the newly laid Aedes aegypti eggs (Z=9.1; p <0.0001). The predating action of Tapinoma melanocephalum on Aedes aegypti eggs should be considered in the colonization of this mosquito.