Aerobic physical training impact on adipokines in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - Effects of body fat percentage

ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated the effects of aerobic training on adipokine concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subjects and methods: 120 women, including 60 with PCOS and 60 without PCOS, were divided into six groups (n = 20) based on body fat percentages of 22%-27%, 28%-32%, and 33%-37%. All groups were submitted the same evaluations before and after 16 weeks of aerobic training. These included anthropometric and hemodynamic analyses, cardiopulmonary tests, and laboratory tests. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the differences between women with and without PCOS, effect of the body fat percentage, and effect of aerobic training. Results: Body fat and PCOS were associated with high values of blood glucose, insulin, and testosterone. Body fat also reduced adiponectin levels and increased leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, the PCOS increased only TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In the PCOS group, aerobic training reduced insulin, triglycerides, leptin, and IL-6 levels. It also promoted an increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein levels. However, aerobic training did not alter TNF-α concentrations. Conclusion: The body fat potentiates metabolic impairments that may be harmful to women with PCOS. Aerobic training appears to promote an important beneficial effect on the metabolic regulation of adipokines, except TNF-α.

Efectos del Ejercicio Físico Aeróbico sobre los Factores de Riesgo Modificables que Predisponen a un Segundo Evento de Accidente Cerebrovascular. Revisión Sistemática / Effects of Aerobic Physical Exercise on Modifiable Risk Factors that Predispose to a Second Stroke Event. Systematic review

Introducción. El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es una condición de salud que ha aumentado su prevalencia en los últimos años, la cual se encuentra intrínsecamente asociada a la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), como lo son la diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e hipertensión, las que, de no ser controladas tras la instauración del primer episodio, predisponen a la afección de un segundo evento de ACV. Es sabido que el ejercicio físico aeróbico juega un rol fundamental en el control de las ECNT, junto con otros factores, como lo son los cambios de hábitos y adherencia a los tratamientos farmacológicos. Objetivo. Analizar los efectos que tiene el ejercicio físico aeróbico en población secuelada de un ACV sobre las ECNT que predisponen a sufrir un segundo evento cerebrovascular. Método. Se realizó una exhaustiva búsqueda en las bases de datos EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed y PEdro, utilizando las palabras claves "stroke and modifiable risk factors and aerobic physical exercise"; obteniendo un total de 56438 artículos. Para la selección, se consideraron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pacientes entre 45 y 65 años con secuelas de ACV de más de 6 meses, que analizaran el efecto del ejercicio físico sobre las ECNT tras un evento cerebrovascular. Resultados. Se seleccionaron tres artículos científicos tipo ensayo clínico aleatorizados controlados, los cuales analizan los efectos que produce el ejercicio físico aeróbico sobre las ECNT tras un ACV. Entre los resultados con mayor significancia estadística (P entre 0.01 y 0.05) se encuentra el aumento en el consumo peak de oxígeno y el aumento en el colesterol HDL. Conclusiones. Es indispensable sistematizar la información de los programas de rehabilitación neurológica, que permitan levantar datos de las intervenciones, y así poder potenciar el ejercicio físico aeróbico de forma segura para poder controlar las ECNT subyacentes y así prevenir futuros eventos cerebrovasculares.

Background. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a health condition that has suspected its prevalence in recent years, which is intrinsically associated with the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD), such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which, if not controlled after the establishment of the first episode, predispose to the condition of a second stroke event. It is known that aerobic physical exercise plays a fundamental role in the control of NCDs, along with other factors, such as changes in habits and adherence to pharmacological treatments. Objective. To analyze the effects of aerobic physical exercise in the population after a stroke on NCDs that predispose to a second cerebrovascular event. Method. An exhaustive search was carried out in the EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed and PEdro databases, using the keywords "stroke and modifiable risk factors and aerobic physical exercise"; obtaining a total of 56438 articles. For selection, consider the following inclusion criteria: patients between 45 and 65 years of age, stroke sequelae of more than 6 months, who will analyze the effect of physical exercise on NCDs after a cerebrovascular event. Results. Three controlled randomized clinical trial were selected, which analyze the effects produced by aerobic physical exercise on NCDs after a stroke. Among the results with the highest statistical significance (P between 0.01 and 0.05) is the increase in peak oxygen consumption and the increase in HDL cholesterol. Conclusion. It is essential to systematize the information on neurological rehabilitation programs, to collect data from the interventions, and thus be able to promote aerobic physical exercise safely to control the underlying NCDs and thus prevent future cerebrovascular events.

Potencial do treinamento físico aeróbio para minimizar os efeitos da deficiência de leptina em um modelo experimental de camundongos fêmeas / Potential of aerobic physicaltrainingto minimize the effects of leptin deficiency in an experimental model of female mice

O treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) tem sido cada vez mais recomendado para a prevenção e tratamento de comorbidades, que podem ter em comum a resistência periférica à insulina (RI), como o diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) ea obesidade. Caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo, a obesidade também implica a disfunção endócrina desse tecido. Leptina e adiponectina são hormônios secretados pelos adipócitos que desempenham importante função no metabolismo energético, cujo desequilíbrio está fortemente relacionado à obesidade e à RI. Fisiologicamente, mulheres apresentam maiores níveis de leptina e adiponectina comparados aos de homens. Contudo, em condições como a obesidade e/ou DM2 esses níveis diminuem, deixando o organismo de fêmeas sem os efeitos protetores dessas adipocinas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos do TFA sobre as características morfofuncionais de TAB e pâncreas de camundongos fêmeas com deficiência de leptina. Para isso, camundongos fêmeas com oitosemanas de idade C57BL/J6 selvagem (C57) ou com deficiência de leptina ob/ob (Lepob) foram separadas nos grupos sedentárias (S) e treinadas (T): C57S (n=6), C57T (n=6), LepobS (n=5) e LepobT (n=8). O TFA foi realizadodurante oito semanas, com corrida a 60% da capacidade máxima, 1h/dia, 5x/semana. Água e ração foram administradas ad libitum. Os procedimentos foram aprovados pelo CEUA da EACH-USP (#001/2017). O acompanhamento do peso corporal e consumo de ração foi realizado semanalmente. Na 7ª semana de protocolo foram realizados os testesde tolerância àglicose (TTG) e à insulina (TTI). Ao final do protocolode treinamento foram avaliados parâmetros metabólicos de repouso e de esforço através da calorimetria indireta. A eutanásia dos animais foi realizada cominjeção intraperitoneal de anestésico e, em seguida, foram coletados os tecidos adiposos branco (TAB) subcutâneo e retroperitoneal e a porção esplênica do pâncreas, utilizados, posteriormente, para análises morfológicas. A determinação de adiponectinasérica foi realizada através de kit ELISA. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA de duas vias mais o teste post-hoc de Bonferroni. O protocolo de TFA não foi eficaz em reduzir a adiposidade e hiperfagia dos animais LepobS e LepobT, contudo o grupo LepobT apresentou tamanho reduzido de adipócitos doTAB-SC comparado ao grupo LepobS.O TFA não afetouo metabolismo glicêmico dos animais. Os parâmetros metabólicos derepouso não apresentaram alteração, contudo, noteste de esforço físico máximo, o grupo LepobT apresentou maiores tempo em teste até a exaustão e iVO2 comparado ao grupo LepobS. Por fim, embora o TFA não tenha aumentadoa secreção de adiponectina, o que poderia regular positivamente o metabolismo glicêmico de camundongos deficientes em leptina, melhorou a condição metabólica desses animais e reduziu a hipertrofia dos adipócitos do TAB-SC

Aerobic physical training (APT) has become an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of comorbidities, which may have in common the peripheral resistance to insulin(RI), such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, obesity also implies endocrine dysfunction of this tissue.Leptin and adiponectin are hormones secreted by adipocytes that play an important role in energy metabolism, whose imbalance is strongly related to obesity and RI. Physiologically, women have higher levels of leptin and adiponectin compared to men.However,in conditions such as obesity and/or type 2 diabetes these levels decrease, leaving the body of females without the protective effects of these adipokines.Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of APTon the morphofunctional characteristics of white adipose tissue (WAT)and pancreas in leptin-deficientfemale mice. For this, 8-week-old wild C57BL/J6 (C57) or leptin-deficient ob/ob (Lepob) female mice were separated into the groups sedentary (S) and trained (T): C57S (n = 6), C57T (n = 6), LepobS (n = 5) and LepobT (n = 8). Mice were housed in a temperature-controlled (22 ± 2°C) and 12-h light/12-h dark cycle, with free access to tap water and food ad libitum. The APT was performed for 1 h/day at 60% of maximal velocity achieved in the running capacity test, five times per week for eight weeks. The procedures were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Brazilian College for Animal Experimentation and were approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University of Sao Paulo (Process number001/2017). Body weight and feed intake were evaluated weekly. In the 7th week of protocol, the glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) were performed. At the end of the training protocol, metabolic parameters of resting and maximal exertion were evaluated through indirect calorimetry. The euthanasia of the animals was performed by intraperitoneal injection of anaesthetic and thenthe subcutaneous and retroperitoneal WAT and the splenic portion of the pancreas were collected, and subsequentlyused for morphological analysis. Serum adiponectin quantification was performed by ELISA kit. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA plus the Bonferroni post-hoc test. The APT protocol was not effective in reducing the adiposity and hyperphagia of the animals LepobS and LepobT, however the LepobT group presented a reduced size of WAT-SC adipocytes compared to the LepobS group. Also, APT did not affectthe glycemic metabolism of theseanimals. Although the resting metabolic parameters were not different, in the maximal physical exercise test, the LepobT group had longer time to exhaustion test and iVO2 compared to the LepobS group.Finally, although APTdid not increase adiponectin plasma concentration, which could positively regulate the glycemic metabolism of leptin-deficient mice, it improved the metabolic condition of these animals and reduced the adipocyte hypertrophy of WAT-SC

Fat mass is negatively associated with the physiological ability of tissue to consume oxygen

To describe the relationship between variables related to body composition and peak oxygen uptake ( V˙O2 peak) and to verify whether fat mass can affect these relationships. Methods: Eighty participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to measure V˙O2 peak and a body composition assessment to measure fat mass, fat free mass (FFM), and total body mass (BM). Results: There were significant relationships between V˙O2 peak relative to FFM (fat free mass) (mL/kgFFM/min) and absolute fat mass (kg) (r=-0.50, p<0.001) and relative fat mass (%) (r=-0.56, p<0.001). Absolute V˙O2 peak (L/min) had a high positive relationship with FFM (r=0.83, p<0.0001); the relationship between V˙O2 peak (L/min) and FFM remained high and positive even when accounting for absolute fat mass (kg) (r=0.83, p<0.001). V˙O2 peak relative to total body mass (mL/kgBM/min) showed a high negative relationship with relative fat mass (%) (r=-0.89, p<0.001) and a positive relationship with fat free mass (kg) (r=0.57, p<0.001), which did not change when accounting for fat mass (kg) (r=0.56, p<0.001). Conclusion: These data indicate that the physiological ability of tissue to consume oxygen ( V˙O2 peak in mL/kgFFM/min) is negatively associated with fat mass. Moreover, the individual's cardiorespiratory capacity to transport oxygen for working muscles ( V˙O2 peak in L/min) is strongly related to absolute FFM, and this association is not affected by fat mass. Finally, a better body mass composition (high FFM and low fat mass) is important for aerobic physical fitness ( V˙O2 peak in mL/kgBM/min) and improved physiological ability of tissue to consume oxygen ( V˙O2 peak in mL/kgFFM/min).(AU)

Treinamento Físico Aeróbico como Tratamento não Farmacológico da Síncope Neurocardiogênica / Physical Training as Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Neurocardiogenic Syncope

Fundamento: Caracterizada por perda súbita e transitória da consciência e do tônus postural, com recuperação rápida e espontânea, a síncope é causada por uma redução aguda da pressão arterial sistêmica e, por conseguinte, do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral. Os resultados insatisfatórios com o uso de fármacos permitiu que o tratamento não farmacológico da síncope neurocardiogênica fosse contemplado como primeira opção terapêutica. Objetivos: Comparar, em pacientes com síncope neurocardiogênica, o impacto do Treinamento Físico Aeróbico (TFA) de moderada intensidade e de uma intervenção controle, na positividade do Teste de Inclinação Passiva (TIP) e no tempo de tolerância ortostática. Métodos: Foram estudados 21 pacientes com história de síncope neurocardiogênica recorrente e TIP positivo. Esses foram aleatorizados em: Grupo Treinado (GT), n = 11, e Grupo Controle (GC), n = 10. O GT foi submetido a 12 semanas de TFA supervisionado, em cicloergômetro, e o GC, a um procedimento controle que consistia na realização de 15 minutos de alongamentos e 15 minutos de caminhada leve. Resultados: O GT apresentou efeito positivo ao treinamento físico, com aumento significativo do consumo de oxigênio-pico. Já o GC não apresentou nenhuma mudança estatisticamente significante, antes e após a intervenção. Após o período de intervenção, 72,7% da amostra do GT apresentou resultado negativo ao TIP, não apresentando síncope na reavaliação. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento físico aeróbico supervisionado por 12 semanas foi capaz de reduzir o número de TIP positivos, assim como foi capaz de aumentar o tempo de tolerância na posição ortostática ...

Background: Characterized as a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone, with quick and spontaneous recovery, syncope is caused by an acute reduction of systemic arterial pressure and, therefore, of cerebral blood flow. Unsatisfactory results with the use of drugs allowed the nonpharmacological treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope was contemplated as the first therapeutic option. Objectives: To compare, in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope, the impact of a moderate intensity aerobic physical training (AFT) and a control intervention on the positivity of head-up tilting test (HUT) and orthostatic tolerance time. Methods: Were studied 21 patients with a history of recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope and HUT. The patients were randomized into: trained group (TG), n = 11, and control group (CG), n = 10. The TG was submitted to 12 weeks of AFT supervised, in cycle ergometer, and the CG to a control procedure that consisted in 15 minutes of stretching and 15 minutes of light walk. Results: The TG had a positive effect to physical training, with a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption. The CG did not show any statistically significant change before and after the intervention. After the intervention period, 72.7% of the TG sample had negative results to the HUT, not having syncope in the revaluation. Conclusion: The program of supervised aerobic physical training for 12 weeks was able to reduce the number of positive HUT, as it was able to increase tolerance time in orthostatic position during the HUT after the intervention period. .

Effects of exercises on the right ventricle of female micesubmitted to ovarian hormone deprivation

Introduction: Several studies indicate that the estrogen deficiency increase the incidence of the cardiovascular diseases in women in post-menopausal period and that the exercise program may prevent or relieve problems such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, muscle weakness, osteoporosis and depression. The effects of the estrogen deprivation in the myocardium still remain unclear, mainly in the right ventricle. The aim was to investigate the effects of exercises on the right myocardium in the female mice subjected to deprivation of ovarian hormones. Material and methods: A total of 15 female mice at 9 months of age, divided into 3 groups (n = 5) were studied: non-ovariectomized sedentary (S); ovariectomized sedentary (OS), ovariectomized trained (OT) animals. Ovariectomy was performed at 9 months of age and physical training began 7 days after surgery. The animals underwent a physical training protocol for 4 weeks on a treadmill with progressive speed and load (one hour a day/5 days a week at 50 to 65% of the maximum speed of running). After the experimental proceeding, the heart were removed and processed accordingly to conventional protocol for optical microscopy, and the slides stained by the methods of Hematoxylin and Eosin Stereology was used to analyze the components of the myocardium. Results: Ours results indicate that the exercise training promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increase in connective tissue with decreased cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Our data suggest that moderate exercise promoted right ventricular remodeling with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increase in connective tissue, to fit the modifications promoted by exercise in the left ventricle.

Efeito do exercício físico e estatinas na função muscular em animais com dislipidemia / Effect of physical exercise and statins on the muscle function in animals with dyslipidemia

As estatinas são utilizadas no tratamento das dislipidemias, com grande tolerância; no entanto, vários efeitos colaterais podem surgir, destacando-se miopatia. A prática regular do exercício físico (EF) produz modificações favoráveis no perfil lipídico; entretanto, pode gerar lesões musculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da associação entre exercício físico e estatinas na função muscular, pela análise histológica, em modelo experimental animal com dislipidemia. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos Wistar, distribuídos em oito grupos, incluindo animais submetidos à dieta hipercolesterolêmica (DH), sinvastatina com (G1) e sem (G2) EF; DH e fluvastatina, com (G3) e sem EF (G4); alimentados com ração comercial (RC) na presença (G5) e ausência de (G6) EF; DH submetidos (G7) ou não (G8) a EF. A DH foi administrada por 90 dias, as estatinas e prática de EF em esteira rolante por oito semanas. Os animais foram sacrificados, e o músculo sóleo retirado para análise histológica. Aplicaram-se os testes t de Student pareado e análise multivariada, com nível significante para p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: As principais alterações histológicas encontradas foram fibras de diferentes diâmetros, atróficas, em degeneração, splitting, edema, infiltrado inflamatório. Essas alterações foram observadas em 90% dos animais do grupo G1, 80% do G2, 70% do G3, 30% do G4, 40% do G5 e 30% do G7. Nos grupos G6 e G8 identificaram-se fibras musculares com morfologia preservada. CONCLUSÕES: Na avaliação histológica muscular, a associação entre fluvastatina, sinvastatina e exercício físico acarreta alterações morfológicas com predomínio no uso da sinvastatina, variando de grau leve a grave, no músculo sóleo de ratos, induzidos pelos inibidores da HMG-CoA redutase.

Statins are used in the treatment of dyslipidemias with great tolerance; however, several side effects can arise, mainly myopathies. Regular practice of physical exercises (PE) produces beneficial alteration in the lipid profile, but it can result in muscular lesions. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of the association between physical exercise and statins in the muscular function through histological analysis in an experimental animal model with dyslipidemia. METHODS: 80 male Wistar mice, distributed in 8 groups, namely: animals submitted to a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), symvastatin with (G1) and without PE (G2) ; HD and fluvastatin with (G3) and without PE (G4); fed with commercial food (CR) in the presence (G5) and absence of PE (G6); HD submitted (G7) or not (G8) to PE were used. The HD was administered statins and PE practice on treadmill for 90 days for 8 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and the soleus muscle was removed for histological analysis. Paired t-tests and multivariate analysis were applied with significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: The most important histological alterations found were fibers with different diameters and atrophic, with degeneration, splitting, edema and inflammatory infiltrate. These alterations were observed in 90% of animals from G1; 80% from G2; 70% from G3; 30% from G4; 40% from G5 and 30% from G7. In the G6 and G8 groups muscular fibers with preserved morphology were identified. CONCLUSION: In the muscular histological evaluation, the association of fluvastatin, symvastatin and physical exercise results in morphological alterations with predominance with the use of simvastatin, varying from a light to a high level, in the soleus muscle of mice, induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Effects of the cafeteria diet on the salivary glands of trained and sedentary Wistar rats / Efeitos da dieta de cafeteria sobre as glândulas salivares de ratos Wistar sedentários e treinados

The objective of this work was to study the effect of the aerobic physical training and the cafeteria diet introduced after weaning of Wistar rats and on the morphology of the main salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual). Male rats after weaning were subjected to the cafeteria diet or the standard rodent chow, and either performed aerobic physical training in a treadmill for 100 days, or did not performed any physical activity. Analyses were done considering the response in body weight, adipose tissues and salivary glands, and the data were submitted to statistical treatment (p < 0.05). The morphological and morphometric analyses of the salivary glands were performed through histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Despite the normophagic behavior, the rodents fed with the cafeteria diet became obese, with repercussions on parotid gland weight. However, this obesity and/or physical training did not influence the histological organization of the salivary glands. The morphometric analysis of the submandibular glands pointed out a reduction in the levels of serous acinar cells as an effect of the diet and physical training. In conclusion, the parotid and the submandibular glands alter themselves due to the nature and consistency of food present in the cafeteria diet as well as due to the aerobic physical training.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características morfológicas das glândulas salivares (parótida, submandibular, sublingual) apresentadas por ratos submetidos a treinamento físico aeróbio e dieta de cafeteria após o período de lactação. Ratos machos após a lactação consumiram dieta de cafeteria ou ração-padrão para roedores e realizaram treinamento físico aeróbio em esteira rolante por um período de 100 dias, ou não realizaram nenhuma atividade física. Foram feitas análises sobre a resposta do peso corporal, dos tecidos adiposos e das glândulas salivares e os dados submetidos a tratamento estatístico (p < 0,05). A análise morfológica e morfométrica das glândulas salivares foi realizada a partir de cortes histológicos corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina. Apesar do comportamento normofágico, os roedores alimentados com dieta de cafeteria apresentaram maior quantidade de gordura corporal, com repercussão sobre o peso da glândula parótida. A análise morfométrica das glândulas submandibulares indicou redução na proporção dos ácinos serosos como efeito da dieta de cafeteria e do treinamento físico. No entanto, excesso de gordura corporal, dieta de cafeteria e/ou treinamento físico não influenciou a organização histológica das glândulas salivares. Concluiu-se que as glândulas parótidas e submandibulares são mais influenciáveis em função da natureza e consistência dos alimentos presentes na dieta de cafeteria, assim como do treinamento físico aeróbio.

Effects of estrogen deprivation and physical exerciseson the arterial wall: a literature review

Over the past few decades, there has been a surge of interest in the study of the effect of estrogen on the femaleorganism and the benefits of physical activities on different species of animals. The literature review provides areview of the existing literature on the morphological and/or physiological effects of the estrogen deprivationand/or the role of physical exercises on the arteries of different species of animals and humans. This reviewincludes last decade publications found in the PubMed database. One of the most relevant findings concerningestrogen deprivation was the arterial complacency reduction due to the reduction of elastin, whereas physicalexercises have been widely indicated for the treatment of several cardiovascular disorders and for the hardening of central arteries.

Physical practice is associated with less functional disability in medical students with migraine / A prática de exercícios físicos está associada a menor comprometimento funcional da migrânea entre estudantes de medicina

The aim of this study was to investigate possible association between migraine and physical practice among 480 medical students who were submitted to a questionnaire about headaches and physical practices. Migraine diagnosis was assessed by ID-Migraine and functional disability was evaluated with MIDAS. The type (aerobic or strength training), the weekly frequency and the intensity of physical practice and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. There was a reduction in functional disability of migraine in students reporting physical practice (no physical practice - MIDAS=8.81±1.40, physical practice - MIDAS=15.49±1.78; P=0.03). Frequency, intensity, and type of physical practices were not associated with functional impact of migraine. BMI did not correlate with migraine impact (normal weight - MIDAS=12.34±1.33, overweight or obese - MIDAS=17.45±3.86; P=0.33). These results were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Our data suggest that physical practice is inversely related with functional disability of migraine in university students regardless of BMI.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possível associação entre migrânea e a prática de exercícios físicos em uma população de 480 estudantes de medicina. O rastreio de migrânea foi realizado com o inventário ID-migrânea e o comprometimento funcional da migrânea foi estimado com o inventário MIDAS. O tipo (aeróbica ou musculação), frequência e intensidade da atividade física e o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) foram determinados. Houve menor comprometimento funcional da migrânea nos estudantes que referiram praticar exercícios (não praticantes de exercícios - MIDAS=8,81±1,40, praticantes de exercícios - MIDAS=15,49±1,78; P=0,03). A frequência, o tipo e a intensidade dos exercícios não se correlacionaram com o grau de comprometimento funcional da migrânea. Não houve associação entre o IMC e a severidade da migrânea (peso normal - MIDAS=12,34±1,33; sobrepeso ou obesidade - MIDAS=17,45±3,86; P=0,33). Estes resultados foram confirmados por análise multivariada. Portanto, os dados sugerem uma relação inversa entre prática de exercícios físicos e grau de comprometimento funcional da migrânea em estudantes universitários, independentemente do IMC.

Condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado promove redução no rápido ganho de peso de ratos adultos desnutridos nos períodos de gestação e lactação / Moderate aerobic physical conditioning reduces the fast weight gain of adult rats malnourished during pregnancy and lactation

OBJETIVO: Foram avaliados os efeitos do condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado sobre o peso corporal e o ganho de peso de animais submetidos à desnutrição na gestação e lactação e alimentados com dieta normoprotéica após o desmame. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar foram gerados e amamentados por nutrizes alimentadas com dieta normoprotéica (caseína 17 por cento) e dieta hipoprotéica (caseína 8 por cento), formando os grupos Nutridos (n=18) e Desnutridos (n=17) inicialmente e, após o desmame, foram alimentados com dieta normoprotéica padrão do biotério (Labina®, Purina). Aos 60 dias de vida, os animais foram subdivididos em quatro grupos: Nutrido Sedentário (n=9), Nutrido Condicionado (n=7), Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (n=8) e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (n=9). O condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado foi realizado em esteira elétrica durante 8 semanas, 5 dias/ semana, 60min/dia e os animais sofreram eutanásia após o término do protocolo. Realizaram-se as análises do peso corporal (g) e do ganho de peso corporal ( por cento). RESULTADOS: Observou-se menor peso corporal nos grupos Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (247,00: 134,00 - 335,00) e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (245,00: 166,00 - 324,50) comparados respectivamente, aos grupos Nutrido Sedentário (303,75: 176,00 - 372,00) e Nutrido Condicionado (290,25: 190,00 - 372,00) (p<0,05). O ganho de peso mostrou-se maior nos animais do grupo Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (35,40: -6,20 - 77,10) comparado ao Nutrido Sedentário (24,30: -7,50 - 44,30) (p<0,05) e comparado ao Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (20,50: -2,30 - 59,00) (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado exerceu um efeito benéfico por ter reduzido o rápido ganho de peso (catch up) dos animais adultos desnutridos na gestação e lactação e alimentados com dieta normoprotéica após o desmame.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of moderate aerobic physical conditioning on the body weight and weight gain of rats whose mothers were fed a low protein diet during gestation and lactation. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were bred from dams fed a normal- (17 percent casein) or low-protein (8 percent casein) diet, constituting the initial nourished (n=18) and malnourished (n=17) groups. After weaning, they were fed the standard diet of the laboratory, with normal protein content (Labina®, Purina). At the age of 60 days, the animals were divided into four groups: inactive and well nourished (n=9), active and well nourished (n=7), inactive and malnourished from conception until weaning (n=8) and active and malnourished from conception until weaning (n=9). Moderate aerobic physical conditioning was done on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days per week, 60 minutes per day. All animals were killed after this training period. Body weight (g) and weight gain ( percent) were analyzed. RESULTS: Lower body weights were seen in animals that were inactive and malnourished from conception until weaning (247.00: 134.00 - 335.00) and active and malnourished from conception until weaning (245.00: 166.00 - 324.50) when compared with the animals that were inactive and well nourished (303.75: 176.00 - 372.00) and active and well nourished (290.25: 190.00 - 372.00) (p<0.05). Weight gain was higher in the animals from the inactive and malnourished group (35.40: -6.20 - 77.10) in comparison with the inactive and well nourished group (24.30: -7.50 - 44.30) (p<0.05) and the active and malnourished group (20.50: 2.30 - 59.00) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Moderate aerobic physical conditioning had a beneficial effect on the animals that were malnourished during their mothers' gestation and lactation as it reduced their rapid weight gain.