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1.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 26: e2343, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339241

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa, caracterizada por disfunções motoras e não motoras. Pacientes com DP também podem apresentar problemas de linguagem, incluindo deficit em tarefas de nomeação. Dificuldade em tarefas de nomeação é uma característica importante da afasia de Broca, transtorno de linguagem associado a lesões pós-acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) no córtex pré-frontal inferior esquerdo (área de Broca). Aqui, apresenta-se o caso de um paciente de 79 anos diagnosticado com DP (estágio 4 na escala de Hoehn e Yahr) e afasia crônica não fluente pós-AVC, com deficit de nomeação severos. O paciente foi tratado com uma nova combinação de terapia audiovisual de produção e estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC), técnica neuromodulatória não invasiva, que tem sido cada vez mais adotada para potencializar terapias fonoaudiológicas. ETCC anodal (2 mA) foi aplicada sobre o córtex pré-frontal inferior esquerdo (F7 no sistema 10/20), durante nove sessões de 20 minutos, ao longo de duas semanas, enquanto o paciente tentava nomear imagens de objetos comuns com o auxílio de vídeos curtos mostrando uma boca articulando os sons do nome do objeto (pista audiovisual). Observou-se aumento significativo nos escores de nomeação entre o pré e o pós-tratamento, tanto para imagens treinadas, quanto para não treinadas, mas fonemicamente similares (generalização). Os resultados apresentaram indícios iniciais de que terapia audiovisual de produção associada à ETCC anodal sobre a área de Broca pode representar uma alternativa viável para pacientes com deficits de nomeação severos.


ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. PD patients may present language problems, including deficits in confrontation naming. Naming deficits are also an important feature of Broca's aphasia, a condition associated with post-stroke damage to the left inferior prefrontal cortex (Broca's area). We present the case of a 79-year old, male patient diagnosed with both PD (stage 4 in Hoehn and Yahr's scale) and chronic post-stroke, non-fluent aphasia. The patient, with particularly severe naming deficits, was treated with a novel combination of audiovisual production therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive neuromodulatory technique that has been increasingly used to potentiate speech therapy. Anodal tDCS (2 mA) was applied to the left inferior prefrontal cortex (F7 in the 10/20 system) in nine 20-min sessions over two weeks while the patient tried to name pictures of common objects aided by short videos of an articulating mouth (audiovisual cue). We found significant pre- to post-training naming improvement for treated items and for untreated, phonemically similar items (generalization). The results provide initial indication that audiovisual production therapy combined with anodal tDCS over Broca's area may represent a viable treatment alternative for patients with severe naming deficits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Aphasia, Broca/therapy , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods , Language Tests
2.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 13(2): 52-57, dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1100630

ABSTRACT

El tema de la rehabilitación de las afasias es explorado con frecuencia en la literatura de las últimas décadas, debido a que es una de las secuelas más comunes del daño cerebral y de las que más presenta variaciones dependiendo del caso, por lo cual los profesionales a cargo de los pacientes que sufren de esta condición se ven en la necesidad de buscar métodos eficaces para tratarlos. El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar el diseño de un único caso con sintomatología de afasia de conducción y anomia pura. Se trata de un paciente masculino de 62 años de edad, con nivel académico de doctorado, diagnóstico de afasia de conducción y anomia a causa de un evento isquémico con 18 meses de evolución. Recibió tratamiento neuropsicológico en base a modelos histórico-culturales y neurocognitivos en dos periodos diferentes, una hora por semana. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación neuropsicológica antes y después del programa de rehabilitación, además se hizo uso de líneas bases en ambos periodos y se tomó en cuenta la perspectiva del paciente y su esposa. El rendimiento en la primera y segunda evaluación muestra un mejor desempeño en algunas áreas del lenguaje, mientras que en las líneas bases y en la apreciación del paciente y su esposa se observaron cambios importantes, concluyendo que el programa tuvo efectos favorables en la comunicación del paciente en el hogar.


The subject of aphasia rehabilitation is frequently explored in recent literature since it is one of the most common forms of brain damage and presents an assortment of variations depending on the specific case, making it so that professionals who are in charge of patients with this condition find themselves in need of effective treatment methods. This article aims to present the design for the single case study rehabilitation of a patient with conduction aphasia and pure anomia. The patient in question is a 62-year-old male with a P.h.D. level education, diagnosed with conduction aphasia and anomia caused by an ischemic event with an 18-month evolution, he received neuropsychological treatment following the historic-cultural and neurocognitive models, spanning two different treatment periods, one hour a week. A neuropsychological evaluation was made before and after the rehabilitation program, as well as using a baseline for both periods and taking into account the perspective of both the patient and his wife. Patient performance in the first and second evaluations shows improvement in some language areas, while the baselines, as well as the patient and his wife's assessment speak of important changes, concluding that the program had favorable effects on the patient's communication at home


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Communication , Aphasia, Conduction/rehabilitation , Neurological Rehabilitation/methods , Anomia/rehabilitation , Treatment Outcome , Ischemia/complications
3.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 12(2): 38-42, dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097077

ABSTRACT

Las afasias se entienden como una pérdida de destrezas en el lenguaje, tanto hablado como escrito, y en la comprensión de contenidos. La afasia comúnmente es consecuencia de accidentes cerebrovasculares. A pesar de que los diversos tipos de afasias se correlacionan con áreas encefálicas especializadas para la comunicación, muchas poblaciones con lesiones cerebrales demuestran tener patologías del habla y del lenguaje no especificadas. Considerando las peculiaridades neuropsicológicas y neurofisiológicas que poseen las afasias, el presente estudio busca profundizar en las diferencias encontradas entre cada cuadro clínico de afasia, revisándose de este modo, los principales aportes contemporáneos para explicar las alteraciones lecto-escritoras producidas por la afasia.


Aphasias are understood like a loss of language skills, both spoken and written, and in the understanding of contents. Aphasia is commonly a consequence of stroke. Although various types of aphasia correlate with specialized brain areas for communication, many populations with traumatic brain injury shows unspecified speech and language pathologies. Considering the neuropsychological and neurophysiological peculiarities of aphasias, this research seeks to deepen the differences found between each clinical symptoms of aphasia, revising in this pathway, the main contemporary contributions to explain the reading-writing alterations produced by aphasia


Subject(s)
Humans , Aphasia/physiopathology , Aphasia/etiology , Stroke/complications , Neurophysiology , Neuropsychology
4.
Tempo psicanál ; 47(2): 69-89, dez. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-792008

ABSTRACT

Através do estudo sobre o campo da linguagem Freud iniciou as investigações sobre os fenômenos inconscientes. Mas, antes de ingressar nas pesquisas metapsicológicas, o percurso de Freud começou com o trabalho sobre o transtorno das afasias. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar, analisando os textos iniciais de Freud, de que forma o posicionamento teórico que adotou para o campo da neurologia não apenas se manteve presente, mas foi fundamental para o desenvolvimento de sua teoria sobre os sintomas psíquicos. Nesse sentido, nossa hipótese de investigação é que há um deslocamento da função da linguagem do campo anatômico para os processos mentais


Through the study of the field of language Freud began the investigations into the unconscious phenomena. But before he develops the metapsychological research, the route of Freud began with working on the disorder of aphasia. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate by analyzing the leading texts of Freud, how the theoretical position he took into the field of neurology, not only remained present, but was essential to the development of his theory of the psychic symptoms. In this sense, our research hypothesis is that there is a displacement of the language's function from the anatomical field to the mental processes


Subject(s)
Humans , Aphasia , Psychoanalysis , Unconscious, Psychology , Language
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 70(9): 718-726, Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649308

ABSTRACT

There is evidence that the explicit lexical-semantic processing deficits which characterize aphasia may be observed in the absence of implicit semantic impairment. The aim of this article was to critically review the international literature on lexical-semantic processing in aphasia, as tested through the semantic priming paradigm. Specifically, this review focused on aphasia and lexical-semantic processing, the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the semantic paradigms used, and recent evidence from neuroimaging studies on lexical-semantic processing. Furthermore, evidence on dissociations between implicit and explicit lexical-semantic processing reported in the literature will be discussed and interpreted by referring to functional neuroimaging evidence from healthy populations. There is evidence that semantic priming effects can be found both in fluent and in non-fluent aphasias, and that these effects are related to an extensive network which includes the temporal lobe, the pre-frontal cortex, the left frontal gyrus, the left temporal gyrus and the cingulated cortex.


Há evidências de que os déficits de processamento léxico-semântico explícitos que caracterizam a afasia podem ser observados na ausência de déficits semânticos implícitos. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar criticamente a literatura internacional sobre processamento léxico-semântico na afasia, avaliado por meio do paradigma de priming semântico. Especificamente, esta revisão teve seu foco na afasia e processamento léxico-semântico, pontos fortes e fracos da metodologia dos paradigmas léxico-semânticos usados, e evidências recentes de estudos de neuroimagem sobre o processamento léxico-semântico. Além disso, evidências de dissociações entre processamento léxico-semântico implícito e explícito relatadas na literatura serão discutidas e interpretadas, relacionando-se aos dados de neuroimagem funcional de amostras saudáveis. Há indícios de que os efeitos de priming semântico podem ser encontrados tanto em afasias fluentes como em não fluentes, e que esses efeitos são relacionados a uma extensa rede que inclui o lobo temporal, o córtex pré-frontal, o giro frontal esquerdo, o giro temporal esquerdo e o córtex cingulado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aphasia/physiopathology , Cognition/physiology , Evoked Potentials/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology , Semantics , Anomia/physiopathology , Aphasia, Broca/physiopathology , Aphasia, Wernicke/physiopathology , Comprehension/physiology , Evidence-Based Medicine , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Memory/physiology , Reaction Time
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(3a): 716-720, set. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-460818

ABSTRACT

Las afasias son una patología del lenguaje y éste es un sistema de mediación cultural lógica, situado netamente por encima de lo meramente natural. Arranca de la función simbólica, que establece la distinción y el nexo entre significante y significado. Se establece, a grandes rasgos, una clasificación neurolingüística de las afasias, rechazando las expresiones inadecuadas de sensitiva o sensorial y motora. Se insiste particularmente aquí sobre la cuestión de la "repetición" en la semiología afásica, tanto en lo que se refiere a su pérdida como a su "exaltación". Ello conduce a una revisión de la mal llamada afasia "de conducción" y del "transcorticalismo".


Aphasias are language pathologies, therefore the acquaintance of its structure is required for proper understanding. Language is a cultural interaction system, logical, set much above common natural. It separates the symbolic function, which establishes the distinction between significant and signification. We establish a neurolinguistic classification of aphasias, refuting improper expressions. We broach the wrongly called "conduction aphasia". We detach the unit of speech act and we distinguish the existence of a joint project that sheds light on all sentences brought forth. The complex texture of the "transcorticalism" qualify is analyzed. Aphasia field and some forms of its unfolding are questions aborded under the light of basic neurolinguistic concepts. We detach the unit of speech act and we distinguish the existence of a common project that sheds light on all sentences brought forth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aphasia/classification , Linguistics , Aphasia, Conduction/physiopathology , Aphasia/physiopathology , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Semantics , Speech Perception/physiology
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