Characteristics and the first CD4+T lymphocyte counts of newly reported HIV-infected cases aged 50 and above in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province during 2016 to 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors that influence the first CD4+T lymphocyte counts in newly reported HIV-infected cases aged 50 and above in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province during 2016 to 2021， and to understand the patient immune status and disease progression so as to provide scientific basis for HIV prevention and control strategies in the future. MethodsData was collected from the national HIV/AIDS information system. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis of factors affecting the first CD4+T lymphocyte counts. ResultsA total of 642 cases of HIV infection were newly reported， among them， 571 cases had CD4+T lymphocyte counts and 200 cases （35.03%） had CD4+T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL-1. Patients who were in the 50-59 age group， male， divorced or widowed， and less educated were more likely to have CD4+T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL-1. Compared with active testing consultants， forced reeducation through labor or drug rehabilitation cases were less likely to have CD4+T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL-1. ConclusionThere is no obvious upward trend in newly reported HIV infected persons aged 50 years and above in Dehong Prefecture during 2016 to 2021. However， the situation of CD4+T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL-1 is still serious. Attention should be paid to the key groups： male， Chinese nationality， farmers， Han nationality， married or divorced， junior high school education or below， and heterosexual transmission. It is necessary to strengthen the intervention in people aged 50 and above and improve the detection efficiency.

Risk factors for poor prognosis of bloodstream infection caused by Acine-tobacter baumannii / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To analyze related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii)bloodstream infection(BSI),guide clinical prevention and treatment.Methods A case-control study was conducted to retrospectively analyze patients with A.baumannii BSI in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016.According to prognosis,patients were dividedinto poor prognosis group and good prognosis group. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of poor prognosis in patients with A.baumannii BSI.Results There were 58 confirmed cases of A.baumannii BSI,including 31 patients with poor prognosis and 27 with good prognosis. Univariate analysis revealed that risk factors for poor prognosis of A.baumannii BSI were antimicrobial use and at least two kinds of antimicrobial agent use three months before admission,at least two kinds of antimicrobial use,and carbapenems use before infection after admission,increase of white blood cell(WBC)count after infection(P<0.05). After 3-day anti-infective treat-ment,examination results of WBC count and X-ray chest film in good prognosis group were all better than poor prognosis group(P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for poor prognosis of A.bau m annii BSI were antimicrobial use three months before admission,at least three kinds of antimicrobial use and carbapenem use before infection after admission,increase of WBC count and WBC count>12×109/L after infec-tion,as well as increase of WBC count and WBC count>15×109/L after 3-day anti-infective treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion The probability of poor prognosis is high in patients with A.baumannii infection. For patients receiv-ing≥2 kinds of antimicrobial agents three months before admission,patients receiving≥3 kinds of antimicrobial agents as well as patients receiving carbapenems before infection after admission,the likelihood of A.baumannii BSI should be paid attention.For patients with WBC count>12×109/L after infection and WBC count>15×109/L after 3-day treatment,poor prognosis should be alerted,treatment plan needs to be adjusted in time to reduce the mortality.

Factors affecting quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To analyze factors affecting quality of life (QOL)in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and provide reference for improving QOL of patients. Methods The MOS 36-item short form health sur-vey (SF-36)was adopted to survey QOL of patients with CHB,Morisky medication adherence scale was used to measure patients'adherence to medication,factors affecting QOL of patients with CHB were analyzed. Results Of 357 CHB patients,271(75.91% )were married,107(29.97% )received college or above education,163(45.66% ) patients'average household monthly income were ￥ 2000-￥ 5000,138(38.66% )patients'family members were also with CHB,198 (55.46% )patients smoked,150 (42.02% )drank. The average score of CHB patients' adherence to medication was (2.15±1.29). Factors affecting QOL in patients with CHB were age,education level, duration of disease,whether or not hospitalized,whether or not drink,as well as adherence to medication. Age, drink,and duration of hepatitis B,and previous hospitalization were negative factors affecting QOL in patients with CHB,education level and adherence to medication were positive factors affecting QOL in patients with CHB. Conclusion Strengthening CHB patients'understanding on disease and improving their medication adherence can help them to improve QOL.

Analysis of factors influencing treatment compliance of hypertensive patients in health management / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To analyze the factors which influence the treatment compliance of hypertensive patients in health management. Methods Data of 6 325 hypertensive patients who received physical examination in our department were collected; 4 132 male cases and 2 193 female were included, their ages ranged from 28 to 84 years old;the average age was 61.2 ± 5.8 years. The patients of the health intervention group were randomly divided into 3 groups (group 1, group 2 and group 3). They were provided with regular health management (including weight management, catering management, sports management, medication management and monitoring of blood pressure), respectively, given different frequency of telephone follow-up (1 time per 2 months, 1 time per month, and 1 time per month), evaluating treatment compliance. All the results were analyzed and compared respectively according to the level of education, age and mental status. Data of 1 892 hypertensive patients who received outpatient services were enrolled as the control group. Among them, 4 132 were male and 2 193 were female, aged 28-84 years old, average (61.2 ± 5.8) years old. They received the traditional outpatient follow-up (outpatient service review and health education), their treatment compliance, timely correcting unhealthy lifestyle and medication method and self-testing blood pressure were evaluated. ANOVA and chi square test were used to analyze the treatment compliances and blood pressure control rates of the two groups. Result Compared with the control group, health intervention for hypertension patients could significantly improve the treatment compliance and blood pressure control rate(64.8%vs. 41.3%, 56.7%vs. 29.6%;χ2=2.827,1.382;P=0.032,0.007). Comparing the results of telephone follow-up frequency, the treatment compliance and blood pressure control rate of the 3 intervention groups were higher than those of the two other groups(77.3%vs. 65.4%, 51.7%,χ2=3.414,P=0.041;69.6% vs. 57.3%, 43.2%,χ2=2.763,P=0.028). The treatment compliance of patients with high education level was significantly higher than that of patients with low education level(68.7% vs. 59.1%, 46.4%,χ2=3.257,P=0.037;60.1%vs. 47.2%,32.8%,χ2=1.234,P=0.009). And the treatment compliance of patients with good mental state was significantly higher than that of patients with anxiety(Intervention group1:64.3%vs. 55.1%,41.9%,31.0%,χ2=2.257, P=0.016;59.4%vs.46.1%,20.9%,21.8%,χ2=3.34 5 P=0.021;Intervention group2:75.5%vs. 64.3%,51.8%,41.2%,χ2=2.932, P=0.030;68.3%vs.57.1%,39.2%, 32.1%,χ2=2.382, P=0.032;Intervention group3:86.5% vs.73.2%,62.6%,52.4%,χ2=2.435, P=0.026;75.2% vs. 68.0%,51.7%,43.3%,χ2=3.251, P=0.036). Conclusion More frequently follow-up can improve the treatment compliance and control rate of blood pressure in hypertensive patients;education, age and psychological condition are factors influencing treatment compliance in hypertensive patients.

The Factors Affecting the Registration Rates for Emergency Department Based Post-suicidal Care Program

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the independent factors associated with the registration rate for the community-based post suicidal care program in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted between March and December 2013 at the academic ED at the tertiary urban hospital. During the study period, the pre-designed registry was recorded. The variables examined included the following: patients' demographic data (Sex, age, address, type of insurance, marital status, level of education, and history of previous psychiatric disease), suicide-related data (suicidal methods, combined drink of alcohol and number of previous attempts), and management-related data (disposition at ED, physician's training level, etc.). Univariated and multivariated logistic regression analyses were performed for identification of factors affecting the registration rate for the community-based post suicidal care program. RESULTS: A total of 163 suicides were included during the study period. Of these, 33 (20.2%) patients were registered in the post-suicide care program. Factors including a patient's address (OR: 14.92, 95% CI: 3.606-61.711), immediate intervention by psychiatric healthcare center (OR: 5.05, CI: 1.688-15.134), admissions in hospital (OR: 3.69, CI: 1.286-10.605), and history of previous psychiatric disease (OR: 3.52, CI: 1.216-10.201) showed significant association with registration for the program. CONCLUSION: The community-based post-suicidal care program, which is available 24 hours a day, should be operated in each district in order to increase the registration rate. Emergency physicians should actively consider the inpatient treatment program for suicidal patients and strongly recommend registration to the program, particularly for patients without previous history of psychiatric disease.

Progress in the research of refractive and visual development in preterm infant / 中华实验眼科杂志

Because preterm infants are premature,the rates of refractive errors and visual abnormalities are significantly higher than those normal full-term infants.By understanding their refractive characteristics and the factors those affect visual development,meanwhile,recognizing that premature birth also plays a role in the refractive or visual development of preterm infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),we can establish the strict follow-up system,then early detection and be early in time for premature children with clinical intervention or treatment which is beneficial for normal visual development.It is extremely important to reduce abnormal visual development in preterm children,and to improve the visual quality of patients and quality of life.This paper summarizes the researches of refractive and visual development in preterm infants.

Sample related factors affecting short-term culture of erythrocytic Plasmodium vivax in vitro / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the sample reIated factors affecting the short-term culture of erythrocytic Plasmodium dvax in vitro.Methods The vivax malaria blood samples were collected from the patients with malaria in endemic areas,and then incubated with McCoy's 5A medium in an incubator containing 5%CO_2 at 37℃.The factors affecting the short-term culture of Plasmodium vivax were analyzed.Results Plasmodium vivax could finish one asexual cycle in the selected medium.By analyzing the culture results of 74 samples.it was found that the factors affecting the short-term culture included long time delaying al room temperature(>4 h),single stage(only parasites in ring stage were found),patients taking antimalarials,antibiotics or sulfonamides.and low parasitemia.Conclusion The sample related factors are important to the short-term culture of erythrocytic Plasmodium vivax in vitro.

Rehabilitation and Related Affecting Factors in Developmental Disabled Children in Beijing / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To investigate the rehabilitation conditions of the developmental disabled children.Methods 269 developmental disabled children were involved.Among them,237 children were with mental retarded disability,57 with physical disability and 26 with psychological disability.Questionnaire was used to estimate their condition and affecting factors.Results The prevalence of non-rehabilitation in mental retarded children was 71.31%,in physical developmental disabled children was 33.93%,and in psychological developmental disabled children was 42.31%.The rehabilitation measures focused on training and medical service,rarely on psychological service.The rehabilitation's affecting factors included singleton(P<0.01),maternal age(P<0.01),parental educational degree(P<0.05) and parental understanding of the rehabilitation(P<0.001).Conclusion The factors affecting rehabilitation are complicated,and what we should do now is to subside the poor family,propagandize the rehabilitation knowledge to the children's parents.

Experimental Study on the Factors Affecting in Vitro Dissolubility of Total Puerariae Flavones Bioadhesive Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the main factors affecting in vitro dissolubility of total puerariae flavones(TPF)bioad?hesive tablets.METHODS:Using HPMC,Carbopol(CP934NP)as bioadhesive and base materials,lactose as porogenic agent to prepare bioadhesive tablets;Basket-rotating method was adopted to determine the dissolubility while0.1mol/L HCl was used as dissolution medium,Rotational speed was100r/min.The accumulated dissolution was detected and the influence of the amount of HPMC,CP,kind of porogenic agent,amount of lactose,size of granules in pressed tablets and medium pH on dissolubility was observed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The amount of HPMC,CP and lactose,kind of porogenic agent,size of granules in tablets and medium pH can affect the dissolubility of bioadhesive tablets.

Study on the Factors Affecting the Transparency of the Compound Rhubarb Oral Liquid / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To solve the transparency problem of the compound rhubarb oral liquid. METHODS: To analyse the factors affecting the transparency of the compound rhubarb oral liquid through the way of changing the contents or the prepa- ration process. Thereby to optimize the technic conditions for the transparency of the compound rhubarb oral liquid on the basis of the stability acceleratory experiment. RESULTS:The pH value was the main factor affecting the transparency. The problem of transparency of the compound rhubarb oral liquid could be well settled provided we control the pH value from 6. 7 to 7. 0 in the process of preparation. CONCLUSION:The established new technology is stable in quality.

A Study of the Major Affecting Factors on Psychological Health Level of the Laid-off Workers / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective:To study the psychological he alth of the laid-off workers and its affecting factors in Changsha City. Methods:675 laid-off w orkers and 669 employed workers were interviewed with the Trait Coping Questionn aire (TCQ),the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS),and the Life Event Scale(LES) .Demogra phic ,psychological and psychosocial factors that may affect psychological healt h of the subjects were analyed by stepwise regression method.Results: Psychological health condition was significantly affected by age ,marital status, educational level, economic status and duratio n of laid-off.Multiple stepwis e re gression analysis revealed that the major factors affecting psychological health were coping styles,recent life events ,perceived health impairment,educational level, economic pressure, and individual income.

Factors Affecting on Treatment of Hyponatremia in Hyponatremic Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

Hyponatremia, well known as a serious medical condition, is the most frequent electrolyte disorder in clinical medicine. The aim of this study is to bring to readers affecting factors in hyponatremia treatment and to suggest effective treatment guideline. We studied general characteristics, associated serum potassium change, relationship of sodium concentration in urine, and affecting factors on serum sodium correction in 76 hyponatremic patients who had admitted Hanyang University Kuri Hospital. These 73 hyponatremic patients were divided into 10 groups according to cause and treatment by retrospective analysis(1 group : G-I origin, 2 group : CRF, 3 group : CHF, 4 group: LC, 5 group : adrenal origin, 6 group : diuretics use, 7 group : CHF with di- uretics use, 8 group : LC with diuretics use, 9 group : polydypsia, 10 group : SIADH). Serum sodium were 124.2+/-6.9mEq/L in initial diagnosis, 125.6 +/-7.7mEq/L after 48 hour, and 129.8+/-6.3mEq/L in final evaluation. Among these hyponatremic patients, thirty patients' (41.1%) sodium correction rate were below 0.5mEq/L/hr during initial 48 hour and fifteen patients(20.5%) were corrected above 135mEq/l in serum sodium Initial serum potassium was average 4,07mEq/L, and 15 patients in 73 hyponatremic patients were hypokalemic feature. Eight patients of 15 hypokalemic patients were corrected to normal potassium level and in addition, four patients of 8 corrected patients were corrected to normal sodium level above 135mEq/L. The disease frequency were highest in GI origin (31.5%), followed by SIADH(20.5%) and LC(12.3%). In our study, hyponatremia correction was not related to patient sex, age, and initial serum sodium concentration. In conclusion, Hyponatremia prognosis was not related to initial serum sodium concentration and corection rate, but related to treatment of underlying disease. And hypokalemia acompanied by hyponetremia was corrected after correction of hyponatremia.

The Results & Affecting Factors of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with TPM Cages in Spondylolisthesis / 대한척추외과학회지

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study analyzing the results of posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) with TPM cages in spondylolisthesis OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiologic results & affecting factors of PLIF with TPM cages in spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The ordinary PLIF has 86-98% of radiologic union rate and clinical satisfactory rate. The problems of ordinary PLIF were graft breakage, donor site morbidity, limited bone resources, high failure rate using only transpedicular screw fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1995 to January 1999, 108 consecutive patients with spondylolisthesis were treated by PLIF with TPM cages, in which morcellized bone chips salvaged from posterior neural arch applied, and pedicle screw fixation. RESULTS: Preoperative Low Back Pain score(total 100 points) was improved from 47.4 points to 88.7 points at last follow-up. 10 point visual analogue scale was reduced to 1.5 point at last follow-up. In the end results, Ninty-two percent of patients rated as excellent or good. The preoperative value of slippage, 18.6% was achieved to 5.5% at last follow-up. The anterior intervertebral disc space height was increased from 10.0 to 16.2mm postoperatively. Fusion occurred in all patients except one. Groups below 60-year-old patient at the time of surgery showed better clinical results than those above 60 (p<0.05). No clear correlations were noted between sex, the types of spondylolisthesis, bone mineral density, smoking habits and obesity in clinical, radiologic results. CONCLUSION: PLIF with TPM cages is appeared to be a recommended procedure of choice to treat lumbar spondylolisthesis and this operation should be performed with a caution in aged patients.

Factors affecting the settlement amount of medical malpractice claims

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of and to analyze the factors re-lated to the cost of the resolution of a medical dispute. METHODS: We have reviewed 2,346 cases reported to the Korean Medical Association(KMA)mutual-aid association from Nov. 1. 1981 to Oct. 31. 1994. RESULTS: The percentage rate of reported cases of were related field as follows .' obstetric gynecology(OBGYN) 31.9%, general practitice 28.1%, general surgery 13.3%, orthopedics 6.9% and internal medicine 6.4% 1,829 cases (80.0%) were settled out of court and without public intervention. 310 cases(13.2%) were settled by the police, the public procurators office or the court. The mean settlement amount per case was 9,340,000 won with annual growth rate 10.8%, and median settlement amount was 5,890,000 won. The mean settlement amount for OBGYN was 930,000 won, surgical group 8,900,000 won, medical group 7,710,000 won, and general practitice 7,490,000 won. The cases of medical dispute according to the types of medical care were : operation 21.1%, injection 18.0%, treat-ment and care 18.0%, delivery 13.0%, artificial abortion 10.3%, Cesarian section 7.2% and anesthesia 2.5%. The mean settlement amount according to the types of medical care were: delivery and Cesarian section 15,190,000 won, operation and anesthesia 9,500,000 won, others 6,610,000 won, and injection and medication 6,230,000 won. The mean settlement amount that was settled out of court without public intervention was 7,940,000 won. The mean settlement with public intervention in the court was 17,290,000 won. The cases of medical dispute according to the patients status were .' death 37.5%, complications 20.8%, disability 12.2% and others 28.9%. The mean settlement amout for death was 16,150,000 won, disability 9,430,000 won, others 4,850,000 won and complications 3,550,000 won. The mean settlement amount where doctors have asserted that the outcome was inevitable or have not agreed that it was their fault was higher than the cost of cases where they had admitted responsibility. The settlement amout where there was a misdiagnosis present had not shown to be higher than when the misdiagnosis was absent. The mean settlement amount for cases where multiple doctors were involved was higher than for cases of a single doctor. The mean settlement amount for disturbing the medical practice and suspension of are high. The mean settlement amount for complications was lower than others, and the mean settlement amount for disability and death presented were high. Concerning the types of care, the mean settlement amount for operation/anesthesia, delivery/ Cesarian sections were higher than for injection/medication. Concerning the type of settlement, the mean settlement amount in the police and public procurators office was higher than in out of court without public intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The mean settlement amount depended on the patient's status, the type of settlement, and the disturbance of medical practice regardless of the doctors misdiagnosis, fault, and standard care. Therefore, a reason-able method of resolution for medical dispute is needed.

Analysis of factors affecting physicians' prescribing conduct / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To find out factors affecting physicians' prescribing conduct so as to get rid of the negative effects and reduce medical costs. Methods Analyses were conducted by reviewing relevant literature published at home and abroad. Results Factors affecting physicians' prescribing conduct include: the medical security system, the hospital compensation mechanism, the requisitioning party, pharmaceuticals per se, and promotion of sales. Conclusion To get rid of the negative effects of physicians' prescribing conduct, it is necessary to rationalize the hospital compensation mechanism, strengthen the control of drug examination, approval, purchase and sale, and provide physicians with accurate pharmaceutical information.

Psychological Characteristic and Crisis Intervention in Patients Preliminarily Diagnosed with Cancer / 中国医学伦理学

Unfavorable psychic reactions or psychological crisis always occur in patients preliminarily diagnosed with cancer.By analyzing the psychological activities and affecting factors,we try to discuss the measures of psychological crisis intervention for patients preliminarily diagnosed with cancer.

The mental health of college students and a comparative analysis of the factors affecting it / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To find out the state and characteristics of college students' mental health, and analyse the main factor affecting the mental health of college students. Methods This research investigated 1 350 college students sampled by random with the scale of Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90), and compared the difference of mental health level between groups with the method of classifying comparison. Results The college students' total mean and factor score of SCL-90 were higher than those of youth norm in China, but 13.6% of college students had psychological problems worse than middle degree. After classifying comparison, the groups with higher score in SCL-90 total mean and factors were as follows: low grade, coming from single-parent family, having low degree of satisfaction with their specialty, feeling heavier stress in study, worse classmate relationship, not asking for help when having mental problem. Conclusion The factors which may affect the mental health level of college students are low grade, coming from single-parent family, having low degree of satisfaction with their specialty, feeling heavier stress in study, bad classmate relationship, and not asking for help when having mental problem.