ABSTRACT
A valência afetiva de estímulos visuais provoca reações de aproximação e afastamento para estímulos positivos e negativos, respectivamente. Na tarefa de Simon, o tempo de reação é menor quando o estímulo e a resposta estão do mesmo lado (condição correspondente) do que quando estão em lados opostos (condição não-correspondente). A diferença entre os tempos de reação é o efeito Simon. Neste trabalho, foi investigado como as valências afetivas dos times Preferido e Rival influenciam o efeito Simon. Os resultados mostraram um maior efeito Simon para o time Preferido, indicando que a valência positiva do Preferido facilita a resposta correspondente.
The affective valence of visual stimuli elicits approach and avoidance reactions to positive and negative stimuli, respectively. In Simon task, the reaction time is shorter when the stimulus and the response are on the same side (corresponding condition) than when they are on opposite sides (non-corresponding condition). The difference between the reaction times is the Simon effect. This work investigated how the affective valences of the Favorite and Rival teams influence the Simon effect. The results showed a bigger Simon effect for the Favorite team, suggesting that the Favorite positive valence facilitates the corresponding response.
La valencia afectiva de los estímulos visuales provoca reacciones de aproximación y evitación a estímulos positivos y negativos, respectivamente. En la tarea de Simon, el tiempo de reacción es menor cuando el estímulo y la respuesta están del mismo lado (condición correspondiente) que cuando están en lados opuestos (condición no-correspondiente). La diferencia entre los tiempos de reacción es el efecto Simon. En este trabajo se investigó cómo las valencias afectivas de los equipos Favorito y Rival influyen en el efecto Simon. Los resultados mostraron que el efecto Simon para el equipo Favorito es mayor, lo que sugiere que la valencia positiva del equipo Favorito facilita la respuesta correspondiente.
ABSTRACT
Emotional stimuli are processed very efficiently, influencing physiological and behavioral responses as well as attention, perceptual processes and sensory-motor integration. In a previous work, we introduced a new paradigm, the Affective Spatial Compatibility task (AffSCt), to study whether the affective valence of the stimulus influences spatial compatibility effects. By using figures of soccer players of Favorite and Rival Teams as positive and negative valence stimuli, we found a normal Spatial Compatibility effect for the Favorite team and a reversed one for the Rival team. Here, we analyzed the time course of inhibitory and facilitatory effects of emotional valence by the Vincentization method. We found that for Favorite team, the facilitatory effect for the compatible condition, as compared to the incompatible one, increases as a function of the reaction time. In contrast, for Rival team, an opposite trend was found, in which inhibitory effect beEmotional stimuli are processed verycomes stronger for slower responses. We suggest that AffSCt is a powerful technology for investigating approach/avoidance effects and that it may be useful for diagnosing and following up the treatment of affective and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety, panic and ADHD. Potential applications in social psychology and consumer studies are also considered.
Os estímulos emocionais são processados de forma muito eficiente, influenciando as respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais, bem como a atenção, a percepção e a integração sensório-motora. Em um trabalho anterior, propusemos um novo paradigma, a Tarefa Afetiva de Compatibilidade Espacial (AffSCt), para estudar se a valência afetiva do estímulo influenciaria os efeitos de compatibilidade espacial. Ao usarmos figuras de jogadores de futebol dos times Favorito e Rival como estímulos de valência positiva e negativa, respectivamente, encontramos um efeito de compatibilidade espacial normal para o time Favorito e um invertido para o time Rival. No presente trabalho, foi analisado o desenvolvimento temporal dos efeitos inibitórios e facilitatórios da valência emocional pelo método da Vincentização. Descobrimos que, para o time Favorito, o efeito facilitatório na condição compatível em relação à incompatível aumenta em função do tempo de reação. Em contraste, para o time Rival, uma tendência oposta foi encontrada, em que o efeito inibitório se torna mais forte para as respostas mais lentas. Sugere-se que a AffSCt é uma tecnologia poderosa para investigar comportamentos de aproximação/afastamento, podendo ser útil na avaliação diagnóstica e acompanhamento terapêutico de transtornos emocionais e comportamentais, como o de ansiedade generalizada, síndrome de pânico e transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade. Também são consideradas as aplicações potenciais em psicologia social e estudos de consumidor.
Los estímulos emocionales se procesan de manera muy eficiente e influyen en las respuestas fisiológicas y de comportamiento, así como en la atención, la percepción y la integración sensorio-motora. En un trabajo previo, que presentó un nuevo paradigma, la tarea afectiva de compatibilidad espacial (AffSCt), para estudiar si la valencia afectiva de los estímulos influyen en los efectos de la compatibilidad espacial. Mediante el uso de las figuras de los jugadores de fútbol de los equipos favorito e rival como estímulos positivo y negativo de valencia, respectivamente, se observó un efecto ordinario de compatibilidad espacial para el equipo favorito y un efecto invertido para el equipo rival. En este estudio, hemos examinado la evolución temporal de los efectos inhibitorios y facilitatorio de la valencia emocional por el uso de la Vincentización. Hemos encontrado que, para el equipo favorito, el efecto facilitatorio aumenta para la condición compatible, respecto la incompatible, con el tiempo de eacción. En contraste, para el equipo rival, una tendencia inversa se encontró, en el que el efecto inhibidor se vuelve más fuerte para las respuestas más lentas. Se sugiere que AffSCt es una poderosa tecnología para investigar los comportamientos de aproximación/retirada que puede ser útil para diagnosticar y seguir el tratamiento de trastornos afectivos y conductuales como ansiedad, pánico y déficit de atención/trastorno de hiperactividad. También son consideradas aplicaciones potenciales del método en la psicología social y en los estudios de consumo.
Subject(s)
EmotionsABSTRACT
The present study investigated the influence of emotional valence on the spatial stimulus-key location correspondence effect in three experiments using the Affective Spatial Correspondence task (AffSCt). We initially reanalyzed the results of Conde et al. (2011) according to the model proposed by Proctor (2013). In that study, compatible and incompatible responses were chosen according to the participants' team preference. In one block, the volunteers had to press a key on the same side for the Favorite team and on the opposite side for the Rival team. In another block, a reverse code was used. We found that responses were faster for the Favorite-compatible/Rival-incompatible condition (614 ms) compared with the Favorite-incompatible/Rival-compatible condition (691 ms). The same experimental arrangement was replicated in another Brazilian city, and similar results were found. Additionally, we employed non-affective "fake" soccer teams as a control condition, and no mapping-rule effect was observed. Finally, a final experiment that used the same design but different non-affective stimuli (yellow and blue bars) was performed to provide further evidence that the valence effect in the present experimental paradigm only occurs with affective stimuli. As expected, non-affective stimuli did not produce an overall advantage for any mapping rules, corroborating earlier findings with similar mixed designs. The results confirmed the previous findings and validity of the AffSCt as a methodology to investigate the effects of emotional valence on stimulus-response correspondence. However, we are unable to provide a conclusive explanation to support the several hypotheses proposed previously in our paper and by Proctor (2013)...
Subject(s)
Behavior Control , Conditioning, Psychological , Reaction Time , Space PerceptionABSTRACT
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo validar un conjunto de imágenes del International Affective Picture System (IAPS) de Lang, Bradley y Cuthbert, 2005 -un instrumento ampliamente utilizado en investigación afectiva- en una muestra chilena, así como comparar sus resultados con aquellos obtenidos en el estudio estadounidense, en vistas a contribuir a su validación intercultural. Se utilizó una muestra de 135 estudiantes universitarios, quienes evaluaron 188 imágenes en las dimensiones de valencia y arousal, de acuerdo con instrucciones estándar. Los resultados muestran la organización esperada de la afectividad, con variaciones entre sexos en la valoración de valencia, y diferencias entre países en la dimensión de arousal. Se concluye que la adaptación chilena del IAPS es consistente con los estudios previos, lo cual añade evidencia a favor de su validez intercultural.
The present study aimed to obtain a valid set of images of the International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley & Cuthbert, 2005) a widely used instrumentation in emotion research- in a Chilean sample, as well as comparing these results with those obtained from the US study in order to con tribute to its cross-cultural validation. A sample of 135 college students assessed 188 pictures according to standard instructions in valence and arousal dimensions. The results showed the expected organization of affectivity, with variations between sex in valence judgments, and differences between countries in the arousal dimension. It is concluded that the Chilean adaptation of the IAPS is consistent with the previous evidence, adding support to it cross-cultural validity.
Subject(s)
AffectABSTRACT
In spatial compatibility tasks, the Reaction Time to right-side stimuli is shorter for right key responses (compatible condition) than for left key responses (incompatible condition) and vice-versa for left-side stimuli. Similar results have been found when the stimulus location is not relevant for response selection, such as in the Simon task. The Simon effect is the difference between the reaction times for non-corresponding and corresponding conditions. The Simon effect and its variants may be modulated by using emotional stimuli. However, until now, no work has studied how the affective valence of a stimulus influences spatial compatibility effects along the horizontal dimension. The present study investigated this issue by using small lateralized figures of soccer team players as stimuli. In the experiment, a compatible or incompatible response was chosen according to the team shirt. In one block, for the Favorite team, the volunteers had to press the key on the same side as the stimulus hemifield but the opposite-side key for the Rival team. In the other block, a reverse code had to be used. Fourteen right-handed volunteers were tested. Mean reaction times were subjected to analysis of variance with the following variables: Preference (Favorite/Rival), Hemifield (Left/Right), and Response Key (Left/Right). A three-way interaction was found (F1,13 = 6.60, p = .023), showing that the spatial compatibility effects depended on Preference. The Favorite team player elicited the usual spatial compatibility pattern, but for the Rival team player, the reverse effect was found, with incompatible responses being faster than compatible responses. We propose that this modulation may result from approach/avoidance reactions to the Favorite and Rival teams, respectively. Moreover, we suggest as a corollary that the classic spatial compatibility task is a powerful tool for investigating approach/avoidance effects.