Value of afterdischarges monitoring for intraoperative electrical stimulation for brain mapping / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the value of afterdischarges monitoring for intraoperative electrical stimulation for brain mapping. Methods 34 patients received cerebral cortex electrical stimulation for brain mapping during operation of brain function area , afterdischarges were monitored simultaneously to determine the upper limit of stimulus intensity. Results 34 cases underwent electrical stimulation successfully , and received surgery without neurologic decline except 2 cases of hypokinesia. Conclusion After discharges monitoring improve the accuracy, reduce the risk of intraoperative cerebral cortex electrical stimulation.

Indução prévia de LTP na via CA1-córtex pré-frontal medial de ratos bloqueia os prejuízos de plasticidade pré-sináptica induzidos por modelo de psicose pós-ictal in vivo / Prevention of the CA1-mPFC pre-synaptic plasticity impairments in a post-ictal psychosis model 'in vivo'

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar se a indução de potenciação de longa duração (LTP) no córtex frontal seria capaz de bloquear os efeitos depressores sobre a plasticidade pré-sináptica da via hipocampo (CA1)-córtex pré-frontal medial (mPFC) induzidos por pós-descarga no hipocampo (AD; atividade epiléptica) ou pela injeção sistêmica de cetamina (KET; modelo farmacológico de psicose). Ratos anestesiados com uretana receberam implantes de eletrodos de estimulação e registro, em CA1 e mPFC, respectivamente. Estímulos elétricos monofásicos pareados foram aplicados em CA1 a cada 20s para eliciar potenciais pós-sinápticos de campo (P1 e P2) no mPFC. Avaliamos a plasticidade de curta duração através da facilitação por pulso pareado (PPF), definida pela razão entre as amplitudes de P2 e P1. Após 90min de registros de linha de base, grupos independentes de animais receberam aplicação de AD, injeção de KET-S(+) (12,5 mg/kg i.p.) ou injeção de veículo (NaCl 0,15M), e foram registrados por mais 120min. Em outro experimento registramos 30min de linha de base e aplicamos estímulos de alta frequência (HFS) para indução de LTP aos 30 e 60min. Trinta minutos depois, os animais receberam KET, AD ou veículo e tiveram seus potenciais corticais registrados por mais 120 min. Nossos resultados mostram que AD gera significativa redução (-50%) da eficiência de transmissão basal na via CA1-mPFC, enquanto KET promove leve aumento (+10%). Ambos os tratamentos também promovem prejuízo significativo da PPF na mesma via (-15%). Além disso, observamos que a indução prévia de LTP atenua as alterações da eficiência basal e bloqueia os prejuízos da PPF na via CA1-mPFC induzidos por KET e AD. Nossos achados reforçam evidências recentes de que moduladores alostéricos positivos de NMDA e AMPA atenuam os prejuízos cognitivos em modelos animais de psicose. Acreditamos, portanto, que a aplicação prévia de HFS na região CA1 do hipocampo pode ser uma ferramenta útil para melhor entendermos como prevenir os prejuízos de plasticidade sináptica no mPFC em modelos de psicose e psicose pós-ictal.

The present work aimed to test whether the induction of cortical long-term potentiation (LTP) was able to prevent the presynaptic plasticity impairment in the hippocampus (CA1)-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway induced by hippocampal after-discharge (AD; epileptic activity) or systemic injection of ketamine (KET; pharmacological model of psychosis). Electrodes were stereotaxically positioned into CA1 and mPFC in urethane-anesthetized rats. Monophasic paired-pulses of electrical stimuli were applied to CA1 in order to evoke field post-synaptic potentials (P1 and P2) in the mPFC every 20s. Short-term plasticity was evaluated by measuring paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), defined as the amplitude ratio P2/P1. After 90min of baseline recordings, three independent groups of animals received hippocampal-AD, KET-S(+) (12.5mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (NaCl 0.15M) followed by 120min of evoked response monitoring. In an additional experiment, two applications of high-frequency stimuli (HFS) were given at 30 and 60min after baseline. Thirty minutes after the second HFS, the rats received KET, AD or vehicle and their cortical evoked potentials were monitored for further 120min. Our results showed that AD significantly decreased (-50%) whereas KET enhanced (+10%) CA1-mPFC basal synaptic transmission. In addition, AD and KET similarly impaired short-term plasticity in the mPFC (-15%). Interestingly, pre-induction of LTP in the mPFC prevented the PPF disruption induced by KET and AD. Altogether, our findings support recent evidences that positive allosteric modulators of NMDA and AMPA receptors attenuate cognitive impairments in animal models of psychosis. We believe that controlled HFS in CA1 can be a useful tool to better understand how to prevent synaptic plasticity disruptions observed in experimental models of psychosis and pos-ictal psychosis.

ANTAGONISM OF ANTIEPILEPSIRINE AGAINST AMYGDALA-KINDLING IN RAT / 中国药理学通报

The effect of antiepilepsirine, a derivative of piperine, on the rat amygdala kindled seizures was studied. An average of daily consecutive 15 stimulations was needed to reach the first stage 5 seizures, at which the rats showed behavioral convulsions and electroencephalogra-phic abnormalities. Antiepilepsirine ip 2 h before stimulation at the doses that did not show obvious sedation suppressed the stage 5 seizures with the ED50 of 84.7mg/kg and exhibited insignificant shortening of afterdischarge duration. Sodium valproate effectively protected against stage 5 seizures and shortened the afterdischarge duration. Present data suggest the chronic antiepileptic property of antiepilepsirine in rat amygdala kindling model.