H2S is synthesized via CBS/CSE pathway and triggered by cold conditions during Agaricus bisporus storage

BACKGROUND: H2S is proved to be functioning as a signaling molecule in an array of physiological processes in the plant and animal kingdom. However, the H2S synthesis pathway and the responses to cold conditions remain unclear in postharvest mushroom. RESULTS: The biosynthesis of H2S in the Agaricus bisporus mushroom tissues exhibited an increasing tendency during postharvest storage and was significantly triggered by cold treatment. The cystathionine clyase (AbCSE) and cystathionine b-synthase (AbCBS) genes were cloned and proved responsible for H2S biosynthesis. Furthermore, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of AbCSE and AbCBS were crucial for the enzyme activities and subsequent H2S levels. However, the AbMST was not involved in this process. Moreover, the AbCSE and AbCBS genes displayed low identity to the characterized genes, but typical catalytic domains, activity sites, subunit interface sites, and cofactor binding sites were conserved in the respective protein sequences, as revealed by molecular modeling and docking study. The potential transcription factors responsible for the H2S biosynthesis in cold conditions were also provided. CONCLUSIONS: The H2S biosynthetic pathway in postharvest mushroom was unique and distinct to that of other horticultural products.

Improving the yield of Anoectochilus roxburghii by Bacillus licheniformis cultured in Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater

BACKGROUND: There is a large amount of industrial wastewater produced by the mushroom industry during the canning processing each year, which could provide abundant carbon, nitrogen and inorganic salts for microbial growth. The aim of this study was to optimize the culture conditions for Bacillus licheniformis cultured in the Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater to produce the agricultural microbial fertilizer. RESULTS: In this work, the maximal biomass of B. licheniformis could be obtained under the following culture conditions: 33.7°C, pH 7.0, 221 rpm shaking speed, 0.5% wastewater, 2 (v:v, %) inoculum dose, loading liquid of 60 mL/250 mL and a culture time of 24 h, and the average experimental value obtained was 1.35 ± 0.04 × 109 Obj/mL, which was within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted model (1.29­1.38 × 109 Obj/mL), and met the national microbial fertilizers' standard in China. Furthermore, the field experiment results showed that the fermentation broth of B. licheniformis could significantly improve the yield of Anoectochilus roxburghii. CONCLUSIONS: Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater can be used to produce agricultural microbial fertilizer.

Effect of protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus on glucose uptake and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Objective: To explore the effect of the protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach (AbPI) on glucose uptake and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: Adipocytes were differentiated and stained with Oil-Red-O staining to confirm adipogenesis. The toxic/protective effect of AbPI on the adipocytes was determined by MTT assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation through flow cytometry, and morphologically through confocal microscopy using propidium iodide, 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindol dihydrochloride, and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate dyes. The uptake of fluorescent glucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose by adipocytes was also studied through confocal microscopy. Results: MTT assay showed that the cell survival rate was (28.00±3.00)%, (92.33±2.60)%, and (71.34±2.10)% in the presence of 2 mM H

Effect of protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus on glucose uptake and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Objective: To explore the effect of the protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach (AbPI) on glucose uptake and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: Adipocytes were differentiated and stained with Oil-Red-O staining to confirm adipogenesis. The toxic/protective effect of AbPI on the adipocytes was determined by MTT assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation through flow cytometry, and morphologically through confocal microscopy using propidium iodide, 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindol dihydrochloride, and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate dyes. The uptake of fluorescent glucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose by adipocytes was also studied through confocal microscopy. Results: MTT assay showed that the cell survival rate was (28.00±3.00)％, (92.33±2.60)％, and (71.34±2.10)％ in the presence of 2 mM H2O2, AbPI alone, and AbPI and H2O2 both, respectively, in comparison to the control. Oil-Red-O staining indicated that AbPI enhanced adipogenesis. AbPI stimulated the glucose uptake by adipocytes similar to the drug rosiglitazone, and showed insulin-sensitizing effect in the presence of insulin, but failed to stimulate the uptake in the absence of insulin. Intracellular reactive oxygen species generation was reduced in differentiating adipocytes upon AbPI treatment. Confocal microscopy showed that the damaged cell population rose to 3.50％, 117.84％, and 261.50％ in the presence of AbPI alone, AbPI with H2O2, and H2O2 alone, respectively. Conclusions: The protease inhibitor enhances glucose uptake by adipocytes and exhibits a cytoprotective effect on them.

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles in Extracts of Acorus calamus and Agaricus bisporus

Nanoparticles are in increasing commercial demand due to their wide applicability in various areas such as catalysis, chemistry, energy and medicine. Green chemistry is the best option to opt for the synthesisof nanoparticles.Agaricus bisporusand Acorus calamusare used medicinally in Ayurvedic medicines. The present work conducted endeavored to determine antioxidant activity of the extracts made. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using an aqueous extract of Acorus calamus & Agaricus bisporus.They were characterized by using UV spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).Plant extracts were incubated with Silver Nitrate Solution (AgNO3) and the color change was observed as dark reddish brown. The presence of Ag nanoparticles was analyzed between the wavelengths 400-550 nm. SEM & TEM determined the size of the nanoparticlesdetermined by SEM &TEM. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH (1, 1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging method for different solvents of Acorus calamus andAgaricus bisporus which showed that methanol extract on higher concentration possesses better antioxidant potential when compared to standard. They exhibited strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity with 66.3% and 59.2% respectively for ascorbic acid equivalence. The absorbance for reducing power was found to be in increasing order with an increase in concentration.Methanolic extract displayed an increased antioxidant activity extract, could be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols. Also, the study reveals that the silver nanoparticles from methanol extract show better activity than thenormal aqueous extract.

Development of Polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat Markers using High-Throughput Sequencing in Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

The white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated species of edible mushroom. Despite its economic importance, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity of this species. Illumina paired-end sequencing produced 43,871,558 clean reads and 69,174 contigs were generated from five offspring. These contigs were subsequently assembled into 57,594 unigenes. The unigenes were annotated with reference genome in which 6,559 unigenes were associated with clusters, indicating orthologous genes. Gene ontology classification assigned many unigenes. Based on genome data of the five offspring, 44 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.42 to 0.92. The number of genotypes and the number of alleles ranged from 1 to 4, and from 2 to 4, respectively. The observed heterozygosity and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, and from 0.15 to 0.64, respectively. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.14 to 0.57. The genetic distances and UPGMA clustering discriminated offspring strains. The SSR markers developed in this study can be applied in polymorphism analyses of button mushroom and for cultivar discrimination.

Protective effect of Agaricus bisporus intracellular polysaccharides and exopolysaccharides against concanavalin A-induced immunological liver injury in mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of Agaricus bisporus intracellular polysaccharides(IPS) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) on immunological liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A). METHODS Mice were pretreated with IPS and EPS (100, 200 and 400 mg kg- 1, ig) daily for 12 d. Immunological liver injury was induced by Con A 25 mg·kg-1 byinjection via the tail vein of mice.Eight hours after injection of Con A, the indexes of the liver, spleen and thymus, serum level of glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon- γ (IFN- γ), splenic lymphocyte percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + , and liver homogenate content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining. RESULTS Compared with normal group, the autoimmune liver injury in mice induced by Con A resulted in an increase in the liver index (P<0.01) , spleen index (P<0.01), the activity of GPT (P<0.01) and GOT (P<0.01), the content of TNF- α (P<0.01) and IFN- γ (P< 0.01), and the level of MDA (P<0.01), but a decrease in the thymus index (P<0.01), the percentage of CD4+ (P<0.01) , the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (P<0.01), and SOD activity (P<0.01). Compared with model group, treatment with IPS (200 and 400 mg·kg-1) and EPS (200 and 400 mg·kg-1 ) respectively resulted in an increase in the thymus index (P<0.01) but in a decrease in the liver index and spleen index (P<0.01). Similarly, the activity of GOT and GPT was decreased obviously (P<0.01), and the content of TNF-α and IFN-γ in IPS and EPS 200 and 400 mg·kg-1 groups was decreased. Compared with model group, the activity of SOD in IPS and EPS (200 and 400 mg·kg- 1) group was increased (P<0.01) while MDA was decreased (P<0.01). Moreover, the percentage of CD4 + Iymphocytes decreased (P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was found in the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + .Pathological changes of the liver were observed under a microscope. Pretreatment with IPS and EPS could effectively reduce the liver injury induced by Con A. CONCLUSION IPS and EPS have certain protective effect on immunological liver injury, which may be related to their ability to clean up free radicals, control lipid peroxidation and regulate the balance of the immune system.

Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer 1 Based Characterization of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Strains

Breeding the button mushroom requires genetic information about its strains. This study was undertaken to genetically characterize four domestically bred button mushroom strains (Saea, Saejung, Saedo, Saeyeon cultivars) and to assess the possibility of using the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region of rDNA as a genetically variable region in the genetic characterization. For the experiment, 34 strains of Agaricus bisporus, two strains of A. bitorquis, and one strain of A. silvaticus, from 17 countries were used. Nucleotide sequence analysis of IGS1 rDNA in these 37 Agaricus strains confirmed that genetic variations exist, not only among the four domestic strains, but also between the four domestic strains and foreign strains. Crossing two different haploid strains of A. bisporus seems to generate genetic variation in the IGS1 region in their off-spring haploid strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the IGS1 sequence revealed all A. bisporus strains could be differentiated from A. silvaticus and A. bitorquis strains. Five genetic groups were resolved among A. bisporus strains. Saejung and Saeyeon cultivars formed a separate genetic group. Our results suggest that IGS1 could be complementarily applied in the polymorphism analysis of button mushroom.

Antioxidant capacity of several Iranian, wild and cultivated strains of the button mushroom

The white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, is the most commonly grown mushroom in Iran; however, there is a significant shortage of research on its antioxidant activity and other medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extracts from four cultivated strains and four Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-identified, Iranian wild isolates of A. bisporus. Evaluations were made for total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Overall, results showed that all the wild isolates exhibited significantly lower DPPH-derived EC₅₀, compared to the cultivated strains (p < 0.05). A relatively high relationship was observed between total phenols and flavonoids or anthocyanins (r² > 0.60). However, these constituents could not statistically differentiate the group of wild samples from the cultivated ones, and there was low correlation with the DPPH-derived EC₅₀s (r² < 0.40). In conclusion, comparisons showed that wild isolate 4 and cultivated strains A15 and H1 had higher antioxidant capacity than the others (p < 0.05). This result identifies these mushrooms as good candidates for further investigation.

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Monokaryotic Progeny Strains of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

To promote the selection of promising monokaryotic strains of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during breeding, 61 progeny strains derived from basidiospores of two different lines of dikaryotic parental strains, ASI1038 and ASI1346, were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing of the intergenic spacer I (IGS I) region in their rDNA and by extracellular enzyme assays. Nineteen different sizes of IGS I, which ranged from 1,301 to 1,348 bp, were present among twenty ASI1346-derived progeny strains, while 15 different sizes of IGS I, which ranged from 700 to 1,347 bp, were present among twenty ASI1038-derived progeny strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the IGS sequences revealed that different clades were present in both the ASI10388- and ASI1346-derived progeny strains. Plating assays of seven kinds of extracellular enzymes (beta-glucosidase, avicelase, CM-cellulase, amylase, pectinase, xylanase, and protease) also revealed apparent variation in the ability to produce extracellular enzymes among the 40 tested progeny strains from both parental A. bisporus strains. Overall, this study demonstrates that characterization of IGS I regions and extracellular enzymes is useful for the assessment of the substrate-degrading ability and heterogenicity of A. bisporus monokaryotic strains.

Pré-tratamentos na secagem e reidratação de champignon em fatias / Pretreatments in drying and rehydration of mushrooms slices

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dois pré-tratamentos (pt) na desidratação osmo-convectiva: Pré-tratamento químico a 20°C por 5min em solução de ácido cítrico, bissulfito de sódio e carbonato de cálcio a 0,1% cada (pt-ABC) e por branqueamento a 80°C por 5min (pt-B), bem como a combinação pt-ABC seguido de pt-B (amostra:solução = 1:10 w/w). O pt-ABC provocou aumento de massa (13% em média) entretanto o pt-B perda (-34% em média). A desidratação osmótica a 20°C por 60min em solução de NaCl a 10% reduziu a massa de fatias não pré-tratadas em 43%. Esse nível de redução de massa não pode ser atingido com o uso do pt-ABC, mas melhorou para 49% para fatias submetidas ao pt-B. Os pré-tratamentos reduziram o tempo de secagem (70°C e com circulação de ar de 18m³ h-1) de 150min para 60min para atingir o nível de atividade de água do produto seco igual ou menor a do produto comercial. As fatias submetidas ao pt-ABC ou do controle apresentaram boa capacidade de reidratação. As fatias que foram submetidas aos dois pré-tratamentos apresentaram coloração mais clara e menos enrugadas após secagem, aparência similar foi observada às do pt-ABC. O pt-ABC pode ser usado para se obter fatias de champignon seco com aspecto visual e capacidade de reidratação adequados para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos para consumo direto ou que necessite reidratação.

The objective of this paper was assessments the effect of pre-treatment (pt) in osmo-convective dehydration: Chemical pretreatment at 20°C for 5min with 0.1% solution of citric acid, sodium bisulfite and calcium carbonate (pt-ABC) and bleaching at 80°C for 5min (pt-B), as well the combination pt-ABC followed by pt-B (sample:solution = 1:10 w/w). The pt-ABC provoked mass increase (13% on average), while pt-B caused loss (-34% on average). Osmotic dehydration at 20°C for 60 min with 10% NaCl reduced mass of slices not pretreated at 43%. This level of mass reduction was not achieved for the pt-ABC, but it was improved for 49% to slices subjected to pt-B. Pretreatments reduced drying time (70°C and air circulation 18m³ h-1) from 150min to 60min to achieve the desired a w. Water activity of dried product was equal to or less than the commercial product. Slices subjected to pt-ABC or from control group had good rehydration capacity. Slices subjected to combined pt and dried showed lighter color and were less wrinkled. pt-ABC allowed very similar results. The pt-ABC must be used to obtain slices of dry champignon with visual aspect and rehydration capacity suitable for the development of new products for direct consumption or require rehydration.

Dynamics of the chemical composition and productivity of composts for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus strains

Two compost formulations based on oat straw (Avena sativa) and brachiaria (Brachiaria sp.) were tested for the cultivation of three Agaricus bisporus strains (ABI-07/06, ABI-05/03, and PB-1). The experimental design was a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (composts x strains) with 6 treatments and 8 repetitions (boxes containing 12 kg of compost). The chemical characterization of the compost (humidity, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, pH, raw protein, ethereal extract, fibers, ash, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) before and after the cultivation of A. bisporus and the production (basidiomata mass, productivity, and biological efficiency) were evaluated. Data were submitted to variance analysis, and averages were compared by means of the Tukey's test. According to the results obtained, the chemical and production characteristics showed that the best performances for the cultivation of A. bisporus were presented by the compost based on oat and the strain ABI-07/06.

Chemical profile, agaritine and selenium content of Agaricus bisporus

Chemical profile of the Agaricus bisporus samples were analyzed using GC/MS method in ethanolic extracts. A total of 174 metabolic products were detected, which included 13 significant metabolites between 1.2 to 83 % (w/w); other 13 metabolites at 1% (w/w) and 148 metabolites less than 1% classified into 12 categories. These metabolites had many medicinal activities, which included anti-cancer, anti-cardiovascular diseases, anti-hypercholesterol, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, human health supporting and immune enhancer. HPLC analysis of water extracts of the A. bisporus samples showed that the spores and gills in the fresh adult mushroom had higher percentage of agaritine mycotoxin than the other parts. These contents were decreased by different treatments especially by boiling, preservation and cooking. The selenium contents (ppb) was measured by Galvanometric analysis and highest content was recorded in fresh whole mushroom sample (0.97) followed by cooked preserved (0.4) and fried sample (0.11).

Occurrence of Internal Stipe Necrosis of Cultivated Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) Caused by Ewingella americana in Korea

The internal stipe necrosis of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) is caused by the bacterium Ewingella americana, a species of the Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, Ewingella americana was isolated from cultivated white button mushrooms in Korea evidencing symptoms of internal stipe browning. Its symptoms are visible only at harvest, and appear as a variable browning reaction in the center of the stipes. From these lesions, we isolated one bacterial strain (designated CH4). Inoculation of the bacterial isolate into mushroom sporocarps yielded the characteristic browning symptoms that were distinguishable from those of the bacterial soft rot that is well known to mushroom growers. The results of Gram stain, flagellal staining, and biochemical tests identified these isolates as E. americana. This was verified by pathogenicity, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the results of an analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the fatty acids profile. This is the first report of the isolation of E. americana from cultivated white button mushrooms in Korea.

The effect of vegetable materials on the yield and productivity of agaricus bisporus / El efecto de materiales vegetales en el rendimiento y la productividad de agaricus bisporus / O efeito de materiais vegetais no rendimento e a produtividad de agaricus bisporus

To produce high yield, quality crops of mushrooms is an important component of the mushroom industry. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of seven vegetable materials (two commercial neem-based products, Neemazal-T/S® and Greeneem oil®, containing azadirachtin-A, and five hot water extracts from plants: Inula viscosa L., Ononis natrix L., Origanum onites L., Pimpinella anisum L. and Teucrium divericatum Sieber) on the yield and productivity of white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. The concentration used was 5ml·l-1 water for the neem products, and 50g·l-1 dried material in water for the plant extracts tested. Dilute sprays of all the materials tested (150ml per bag, corresponding to 1200ml·m-2) were applied by soil drench to the casing layer using handgun sprayers. The effect of the test materials was evaluated by yield (kg per bag) and productivity (relation between fresh mushroom weight and fresh compost weight, as %). The applications of vegetable materials by soil drench to the casing layer had a stimulatory effect on mushroom yields. Yield increased with all vegetable treatments over the water-treated control. With the exception of O. natrix and O. onites extracts, significant productivity increases (7.7 to 21.9%) compared to the control were observed as a result of plant extract applications. The results suggest that plant materials may play an important role on the yield and productivity of A. bisporus, and may also be used in organic mushroom cultivation.

La producción de cosechas de frutos de calidad y alto rendimiento es un componente importante de la industria de champiñones. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para evaluar el efecto de siete materiales vegetales (dos productos comerciales: Neemazal-T/S® y aceite Greeneem®, conteniendo azadirachtin-A, y cinco extractos en agua caliente de plantas: Inula viscosa L., Ononis natrix L., Origanum onites L., Pimpinella anisum L. y Teucrium divericatum Sieber) sobre el rendimento y productividad del champiñón Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. La concentración empleada fue de 5ml·l-1 en agua para los productos comerciales y de 50g·l-1 de material seco en agua para los extractos. Se aplicaron aspersiones diluidas empapando la superficie (150ml por bolsa, equivalente a 1200ml·m-2) por medio de aspersores manuales. El efecto de los materiales se evaluó en cuanto a rendimiento (kg por bolsa) y productividad (relación entre pesos frescos de hongos y compost, en porcentaje). La aplicación de los materiales vegetales estimuló el rendimiento, que fue mayor en todos los casos que en el control con agua. Con excepción de los extractos de O. natrix y O. onites, hubo aumentos significativos en productividad (7,7-21,9%) como resultado de las aplicaciones al comparar con el control. Los resultados sugieren que los materiales vegetales podrían tener un papel importante en el rendimiento y productividad de A. bisporus, y también pueden ser usados en cultivos orgánicos de champiñones.

A produção de colheitas de frutos de qualidade e alto rendimento é um componente importante da indústria de champinhons. O presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de sete materiais vegetais (dois produtos comerciais: Neemazal-T/S® e óleo de Greeneem®, contendo azadirachtin-A, e cinco extratos em água quente de plantas: Inula viscosa L., Ononis natrix L., Origanum onites L., Pimpinella anisum L. e Teucrium divericatum Sieber) sobre o rendimento e produtividade do champinhon Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. A concentração empregada foi de 5 ml·l-1 em água para os produtos comerciais e de 50g·l-1 de material seco em água para o extrato. Aplicaram-se aspersões diluídas empapando a superfície (150 ml por saco, equivalente a 1.200 ml·m-2) por meio de aspersores manuais. O efeito dos materiais foi avaliado quanto ao rendimento (kg por saco) e produtividade (relação entre pesos frescos de cogumelos e compost, em porcentagem). A aplicação dos materiais vegetais estimulou o rendimento, o qual foi maior em todos os casos comparados ao controle com água. Com exceção dos extratos de O. natrix y O. onites, houve aumentos significativos em produtividade (7,7-21,9%) como resultado das aplicações ao comparar com o controle. Os resultados sugerem que os materiais vegetais poderiam ter um papel importante no rendimento e produtividade de A. bisporus, e também podem ser usados em cultivos orgânicos de champinhons.

Yield of four Agaricus bisporus strains in three compost formulations and chemical composition analyses of the mushrooms / Produção de quatro linhagens de Agaricus bisporus em três formulações de compostos e análises bromatológicas dos cogumelos produzidos

Three compost formulations, consisting of two varieties of Cynodom dactylon (L.) Pers. (Coast-cross and Tyfton) and oat (Avena sativa) straw were tested for the cultivation of A. bisporus strains ABI-01/01, ABI-04/02, ABI-05/03, and ABI-06/04. A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial scheme was adopted, with 12 treatments (4 A. bisporus strains × 3 types of compost) and 8 replicates. Each experimental unit corresponded to one box containing 12 12.5 kg fresh wet compost. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test. According to the results, productivity of mushrooms was influenced by strain and/or compost type. It was also verified that crude protein, ash, and crude fiber contents in the mushroom varied with A. bisporus strain and straw used in the formulation of the compost.

Três formulações de composto, à base de palhas de Cynodom dactylon (L.) Pers. (cultivares Coast-cross e Tyfton) e Aveia-Avena sativa, foram testadas no cultivo das linhagens ABI-01/01, ABI-04/02, ABI-05/03 e ABI-06/04 de A. bisporus. O delineamento experimental foi em esquema fatorial, inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos (4 linhagens de A. bisporus x 3 tipos de composto) e 8 repetições. Cada unidade experimental constou de uma caixa com 1212,5 kg de composto fresco úmido. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a produção de cogumelos foi influenciada pela linhagem e/ou pelo tipo de composto. Também verificou-se que o teor de proteína bruta, cinzas e fibra bruta de basidiomas variou com a linhagem de A. bisporus e com o tipo de palha utilizada na formulação do composto.

THE NEW TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION OF AGARICUS BISPORUS BY USING OF CORN STALKS / 微生物学通报

The new technology had been introduced that Agaricus bisporus had been cultivated in summer in the North of China by using of corn stalks in simple mushroom house. The result was satisfactory that biological efficience for corn stalks was 48% and the yield was 9.6 kg per squire meter.