Analysis of the current status and related factors of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents in a community in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents aged 50 and above in a community in Shanghai， in order to provide reference for improving the self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities of middle-aged and elderly residents. MethodsA multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a survey on 335 residents aged 50 and above in a community in Shanghai using a self-made survey questionnaire. The current situation and related factors of emergency knowledge level of residents aged 50 and above in the community were comprehensively analyzed. ResultsFirst aid knowledge level of 335 residents aged 50 and above was low， and the rate of high cognitive level was only 24.18%. Univariate analysis showed that male residents had a higher awareness rate than female residents （P=0.044）， while residents aged 70 and above and 60‒ had lower awareness rates than residents aged 50‒ （P<0.05）. Residents with chronic diseases had a higher awareness rate than those who did not （P=0.031）. Residents with family members suffering from chronic diseases had a higher awareness rate than those without （P<0.001）. Experience of first aid training affected residents’ awareness of first aid （P=0.003）. ConclusionThe level of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents aged 50 and above in the community is low. Age， the presence of chronic diseases in family members， and emergency training are independent and relevant factors that affect the awareness of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents. The government and relevant institutions should explore the establishment of a standardized emergency response training system， implement classification and grading for middle-aged and elderly groups with different characteristics， and provide targeted emergency training to strengthen their self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities and improve the success rate of pre-hospital emergency care.

Exploration and Analysis of Volunteers’ Participation in Hospice Care Service Mode from the Perspective of Multiple Mutual Aid / 中国医学伦理学

In an aging society, the coexistence of multiple diseases among the elderly is prominent, and the prevalence of malignant tumors continues to rise.It has positive practical significance that improving the quality of life of dying patients and developing hospice care. Based on welfare multivariate theory, volunteers joining the hospice care team is conducive to the diversified development of the hospice care. By carrying out voluntary services and giving dignity to the dying, the quality of death can be improved and social support can be reflected. Based on the theory of mutual aid, volunteer participation in hospice care services is conducive to promoting the improvement of social spiritual civilization and achieving a virtuous cycle of intergenerational mutual aid. The mode of volunteer participation in hospice care service is still being gradually explored. This paper aimed to propose that the government introduces relevant voluntary service policies to build a good social atmosphere; based on the knowledge, belief and practice model, carry out education and training for volunteers and promote the overall coordinated development of the service team; put forward suggestions on improving the volunteer service mechanism by reaching confidentiality agreements, and improving the willingness of the dying and their families to accept volunteer services, so as to provide reference for the sustainable development of hospice care.

Practice and Reflection on Building Community of Doctor-patient in Foreign Aid Medical Work: Taking the Eighth Batch of China (Shaanxi) Medical Team Assisting Malawi as an Example / 中国医学伦理学

China’s foreign aid medical work is an important part of development of friendly relations with foreign countries and an important way to build a human health community. African countries generally have backward economic and social development, poor medical and health conditions and different languages and cultures, which makes the development of foreign aid medical work special and challenging. Foreign aid doctors and local patients share common feelings, mutual respect, equality, mutual trust and sincere cooperation, and building a community of destiny with the common goal of defeating diseases is an essential content to promote the health of the people of the recipient countries and realize the community of human health. Taking the work practice of the eighth batch of China (Shaanxi) medical team assisting Malawi as an example, this paper expounded the specific practice of building a community of doctor-patient in foreign aid medical work and discussed its significance, to provide theoretical and practical basis for the smooth development of foreign aid medical work in the future.

A importância do ensino e aprendizagem de técnicas de primeiros socorros para leigos: revisão integrativa / The importance of teaching and learning first aid techniques for laypersons: integrative review / La importancia de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las técnicas de primeros auxilios para los profanos: revisión integradora

Objetivo: analisar, a importância do ensino e aprendizagem sobre técnicas de Primeiros Socorros para leigos. Métodos: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE via PUBMED, BDENF, CINAHL, SCOPUS e biblioteca Cochrane, sem recorte de tempo. Os descritores utilizados foram.: "Educação da População", "Educação em saúde", "Primeiros Socorros" e "Emergências", em inglês foram delimitados e cruzados os descritores.: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First aid" e "Emergencies" os operadores booleanos AND e OR. A amostra foi composta por 11 artigos. Resultados: capacitações em primeiros socorros têm um impacto significativo principalmente ao se aplicar questionários pré e pós-intervenções, pois os erros cometidos anteriormente já se transformavam em acertos. Conclusão: as intervenções educativas realizadas em escolas e comunidades levam a propagação de conhecimento e aprendizagem, podendo assim tangenciar a formação de multiplicadores, resultando em uma sociedade informada.

Objective: to analyze, the importance of teaching and learning about First Aid techniques for lay people. Methods: integrative review in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE via PUBMED, BDENF, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Cochrane library, without a time cut. The descriptors used were: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First Aid" and "Emergencies", in English the Boolean operators AND and OR were delimited and crossed the descriptors: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First aid" and "Emergencies". The sample consisted of 11 articles. Results: first aid trainings have a significant impact mainly when applying pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, because the mistakes previously made were already transformed into successes. Conclusion: the educational interventions carried out in schools and communities lead to the propagation of knowledge and learning, thus being able to tangent the formation of multipliers, resulting in an informed society.

Objetivos:analizar, la importancia de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las técnicas de Primeros Auxilios para los profanos. Métodos:revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE a través de PUBMED, BDENF, CINAHL, SCOPUS y biblioteca Cochrane, sin corte de tiempo. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First Aid" y "Emergencies", en inglés se delimitaron y cruzaron los siguientes descriptores: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First aid" y "Emergencies" los operadores booleanos AND y OR. La muestra estaba compuesta por 11 artículos. Resultados: las formaciones en primeros auxilios tienen un impacto significativo sobre todo cuando se aplican los cuestionarios previos y posteriores a la intervención, ya que los errores cometidos anteriormente se transformaron en aciertos. Conclusión: las intervenciones educativas llevadas a cabo en las escuelas y comunidades conducen a la propagación del conocimiento y el aprendizaje, pudiendo así tangibilizar la formación de multiplicadores, dando lugar a una sociedad informada.

Construção e validação de cartilha educativa sobre suporte básico de vida para estudantes do ensino médio / Construction and validation of an educational booklet on basic life support for high school students / Construcción y validación de carpeta educativa sobre soporte vital básico para estudiantes de secundaria

O objetivo deste estudo é construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para estudantes do ensino médio sobre Suporte Básico de Vida nas escolas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, realizada em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, na segunda etapa procedeu-se a elaboração da cartilha educativa e por fim, a validação do material por especialistas. Entre os resultados destaca-se que a cartilha aborda as principais recomendações acerca da segurança do socorrista e suporte básico de vida no adulto e possui 14 páginas. Conclui-se que todos os itens da cartilha educativa obtiveram índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,82 conseguindo a validação.

The objective of this study is to build and validate an educational booklet for high school students about Basic Life Support in schools. This is a methodological research, carried out in three stages. In the first stage, a bibliographic review was carried out, in the second stage, the educational booklet was elaborated and, finally, the material was validated by specialists in the subject. Among the results, it is highlighted that the booklet addresses the main recommendations regarding rescuer safety and basic adult life support and has 14 pages. It was concluded that all items in the educational booklet had a content validity index greater than 0.82, achieving validation.

El objetivo de este estudio es construir y validar una cartilla educativa para estudiantes de secundaria sobre Soporte Vital Básico en las escuelas. Se trata de una investigación metodológica, realizada en tres etapas. En la primera etapa se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en la segunda etapa se elaboró la cartilla educativa y, finalmente, el material fue validado por especialistas en el tema. Entre los resultados, se destaca que la cartilla aborda las principales recomendaciones sobre seguridad del reanimador y soporte vital básico del adulto y tiene 14 páginas. Se concluyó que todos los ítems de la cartilla educativa tuvieron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,82, lográndose la validación.

La toma de decisión emocional afecta negativamente la eficacia de la primera ayuda psicológica, más allá del perfil psicológico del rescatista / Emotional Decision Making Negatively Affects the Effectiveness of Psychological First Aid, Irrespective the Rescuer's Psychological Profile / A tomada de decisão emocional afeta negativamente a eficácia dos primeiros auxílios psicológicos, além do perfil psicológico do socorrista

El protocolo de primera ayuda psicológica basado en el modelo de las 4 C (PAP-4C) establece pautas para brindar apoyo y rescatar a individuos afectados en el lugar y momentos inmediatos posteriores a un desastre. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron estudiar los efectos de la toma de decisión y el entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C sobre la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate según ese modelo, evaluada una semana después de la capacitación recibida; e identificar otras variables psicológicas que se vinculan con dicha propensión. Para este estudio, se adoptó un enfoque explicativo, que involucró la implementación de un diseño experimental factorial 2x2, con los factores toma de decisión y entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C, en una muestra de 175 estudiantes universitarios de una academia militar sin entrenamiento previo en rescate en situaciones de desastre. Los resultados de un ancova mostraron que la toma de decisión basada en la emoción perjudica la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C en comparación con una toma de decisiones basada en la racionalidad, luego de controlar estadísticamente a las covariables. Con relación a la identificación de estas, una serie de características psicológicas se habían mostrado asociadas con la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate. En este sentido, se habían hallado correlaciones positivas con tenacidad, honestidad, apertura, jovialidad, agradabilidad, la atracción afectiva hacia los demás y la toma de la perspectiva del otro. Además, se habían hallado asociaciones positivas con las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo dirigido a cambiar la situación, y cognitivo y conductual motor para reducir la emoción. Finalmente, se habían encontrado también asociaciones negativas con la aversión afectiva hacia los demás y el afrontamiento evitativo. En conclusión, por una parte, los resultados de este estudio apuntan a mostrar la importancia de que los líderes de grupos de rescate indiquen a los rescatistas que, cuando realizan la tarea del rescate de personas afectadas por desastres, eviten tomar decisiones emocionales. Por otra parte, los resultados también ofrecen orientación para la selección de personal sin experiencia previa en la asistencia en situaciones de desastre, ya que se identificó una amplia serie de variables psicológicas asociadas a la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C. En suma, esta investigación proporciona un valioso aporte al campo de la asistencia psicológica en situaciones de crisis, al identificar factores y variables psicológicas que podrían influir en los comportamientos de los rescatistas no profesionales y sin experiencia previa cuando se debe rescatar y brindar apoyo psicológico a personas afectadas por un desastre.

The psychological first aid protocol based on the 4 Cs model (PAP-4C) establishes guidelines for providing support and rescue to affected individuals at the scene and in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The ob-jectives of this research were to study the effects of decision making and brief training in the PAP-4C on the propensity for effective rescue behaviour according to that model, assessed one week after the training received; and to identify other psychological variables that are linked to that propensity. For this study, an explanatory approach was adopted, involving the implementation of a 2x2 factorial experimental design, with the factors decision making and brief face-to-face training in the PAP-4C, in a sample of 175 university students from a military academy with no previous training in disaster rescue. The results of an ancova showed that emotionbased decision making impaired the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C compared to rationality-based decision making, after statistically controlling for covariates. In relation to the identification of covariates, a number of psychological characteristics had been shown to be associated with the propensity for efficient rescue behaviour. In this regard, positive correlations were found with tenacity, honesty, openness to experience, cheerfulness, agreeableness, affective attraction to the other and taking the other's perspective. In addition, positive associations were found with cognitive coping strategies aimed at changing the situation, and cognitive and behavioural motor coping strategies aimed at reducing the emotion. Finally, negative associations were also found with an affective aversion towards the other and avoidant coping. In conclusion, on the one hand, the results of this study aim to show the importance of rescue team leaders instructing rescuers to avoid making emotional decisions when carrying out rescuing disaster affected people. On the other hand, the results provide guidance for the selection of personnel with no previous expe-rience in disaster relief, as a wide range of psycho-logical variables associated with the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C were identified. In sum, this research provides a valuable contribution to the field of psychological assistance in crisis situations by identifying psychological factors and variables that may influence the behaviours of non-professional and inexperienced rescuers when rescuing and providing psychological support to disaster-affected people.

O protocolo de primeiros auxílios psicológicos baseado no modelo 4 C (PAP-4C) estabelece diretrizes para fornecer apoio e resgatar indivíduos afetados no local e imediatamente após um desastre. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram estudar os efeitos da tomada de decisão e do breve treinamento presencial no PAP-4C sobre a propensão para um comportamento de resgate eficaz de acordo com esse modelo, avaliado uma semana após o treinamento recebido; e identificar outras variáveis psicológicas que estão ligadas a essa propensão. Para este estudo foi adotada uma abordagem explicativa, que envolveu a implementação de um desenho experi-mental fatorial 2x2, com os fatores tomada de decisão e breve treinamento presencial sobre o PAP-4C, em uma amostra de 175 estudantes universitários de uma academia militar sem treinamento prévio em resgate em situações de desastre. Os resultados de uma ancova mostraram que a tomada de decisão baseada na emoção, prejudica a propensão para um comportamento eficaz no PAP-4C em comparação com a tomada de decisão baseada na racionalidade, após controlar estatisticamente as covariáveis. Em relação à identificação destas, uma série de características psicológicas mostraramse associadas à propensão para comportamentos de resgate eficazes. Nesse sentido, foram encontradas correlações positivas com tenacidade, honestidade, abertura, jo-vialidade, simpatia, atração emocional pelos outros e tomada de perspectiva do outro. Além disso, foram en-contradas associações positivas com estratégias de enfrentamento cognitivas destinadas a mudar a situação e estratégias de enfrentamento comportamentais cog-nitivas e motoras para reduzir a emoção. Finalmente, também foram encontradas associações negativas com aversão afetiva em relação aos outros e enfrentamento evitativo. Concluindo, por um lado, os resultados deste estudo pretendem mostrar a importância de os líderes dos grupos de resgate dizerem aos socorristas que, ao realizarem a tarefa de resgatar pessoas afetadas por de-sastres, devem evitar tomar decisões emocionais. Por outro lado, os resultados também oferecem orientação para a seleção de pessoal sem experiência anterior em assistência em situações de desastre, uma vez que foi identificada uma ampla série de variáveis psicológicas associadas à propensão para comportamentos eficazes no PAP-4C. Em resumo, esta investigação proporciona uma valiosa contribuição para o campo da assistência psicológica em situações de crise, ao identificar fato-res e variáveis psicológicas que podem influenciar os comportamentos de socorristas não profissionais e sem experiência prévia, ao resgatar e prestar apoio psicoló-gico a pessoas afetadas por um desastre

Curso teórico online de primeiros socorros na escola: percepção dos professores da educação básica / In-school first aid online theoretical course: perception of basic education teachers

Introdução: Na escola os acidentes normalmente são testemunhados pelo professor, que é a figura responsável pelas crianças e adolescentes. Embora a literatura indique a relevância dos cursos em primeiros socorros, torna-se necessário entender a visão dos cursistas, como protagonistas do processo de aprendizagem, para adequar as ações formativas e as tecnologias utilizadas, uma vez que a educação em saúde pode reduzir drasticamente as taxas de lesões não intencionais. Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções dos professores de uma escola de educação básica privada a respeito do curso online de fundamentos teóricos de primeiros-socorros. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e descritivo. O estudo foi realizado em um centro de educação básica privado do Sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2022. A população de estudo foi constituída por dez professores, que realizaram o curso de extensão online ''Fundamentos teóricos de primeiros-socorros na escola''. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, mediada por tecnologia remota e a análise foi feita por meio da Análise Temática. Resultados: O trabalho interpretativo resultou em dois temas e um subtema respectivamente: ''Primeiros socorros como um novo objeto para os professores da educação básica''; ''Contribuições do curso online: novas aprendizagens em primeiros socorros''; ''A falta de aulas práticas como limite da estratégia de ensino''. Conclusão: O curso online despontou-se como recurso útil para capacitação de professores em primeiros socorros, amplia o conhecimento e abre um campo para reflexão sobre a segurança do ambiente escolar. Contudo, a ausência de conteúdo prático é apontada como um limite da estratégia, porque não oportuniza o desenvolvimento das habilidades psicomotoras.

Introducción: En la escuela, los accidentes suelen ser presenciados por la persona docente, quien es el responsable de la persona menor de edad. Aunque la literatura indica la relevancia de los cursos de primeros auxilios, es necesario comprender la visión de quienes participan del curso. Al ser protagonistas del proceso de aprendizaje, se deben adaptar las acciones de formación y las tecnologías utilizadas, ya que la educación en salud puede reducir drásticamente las tasas de lesiones no intencionales. Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones del cuerpo docente de una escuela privada de educación básica sobre el curso en línea de fundamentos teóricos de primeros auxilios. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo que se llevó a cabo en un centro privado de educación básica en el sur de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar de enero a marzo de 2022. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por diez docentes, que participaron del curso de extensión en línea ''Fundamentos teóricos de los primeros auxilios en la escuela''. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, mediada por tecnología remota y el análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante análisis temático. Resultados: El trabajo interpretativo resultó en dos temas y un subtema respectivamente: ''Los primeros auxilios como objeto nuevo para los docentes de educación básica'', ''Aportes del curso en línea: nuevos aprendizajes en primeros auxilios''y ''La falta de clases prácticas como límite de la estrategia docente''. Conclusión: El curso en línea surgió como un recurso útil para la capacitación de profesores en primeros auxilios, ampliando el conocimiento y abriendo un campo para la reflexión sobre la seguridad escolar. Sin embargo, la falta de contenido práctico se señala como una limitación de la estrategia, ya que no ofrece oportunidades para el desarrollo de habilidades psicomotoras.

Introduction: At school, accidents are often witnessed by the teacher, who is responsible for the children and adolescents. Although the literature indicates the relevance of first aid courses, it is necessary to understand the perceptions of course participants, as the protagonists in this learning process, to adapt the training actions and the technologies used, since health education can drastically reduce unintentional injury rates. Objective: To understand the teacher perceptions in a private elementary school regarding the online course on first aid theoretical fundamentals. Methods: This is a qualitative and descriptive study that was developed in a private elementary school in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil. the data collection was from January to March 2022. The study population consisted of ten teachers, who participated in the online extension course ''Theoretical Fundamentals of first aid in schools''. The data collection was done through a semi-structured interview, mediated by remote technology, and the information was analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in two themes and a subtheme respectively: ''First aid as a new topic for elementary school teachers''; ''Contributions of the online course: new learning in first aid''and ''The lack of practical classes as a limitation of the teaching strategy''. Conclusion: The online course has emerged as a useful resource for training teachers in first aid, expanding knowledge, and disclosing a field for reflection on school safety. However, the lack of practical content is identified as a limitation of the strategy, as it does not provide opportunities for the development of psychomotor skills.

Conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em primeiros socorros no ambiente escolar: uma revisão integrativa / Knowledge, attitudes and practices in first rescue in the school environment: an integrative review / Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de primeros auxilios en el entorno escolar: una revisión integradora

Conclusão: Constata-se que há desconhecimento sobre as ações necessárias no atendimento em primeiros socorros, o que impacta nas atitudes e práticas executadas, bem como no tratamento e prognóstico. Assim, intervenções educativas são estratégias que promovem o desenvolvimento de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas necessárias ao atendimento em primeiros socorros

Conclusion: It was observed that there is a lack of knowledge about the necessary actions in first aid care, which impacts the attitudes and practices performed, as well as the treatment and prognosis. Thus, educational interventions are strategies that promote the development of knowledge, attitudes and practices necessary for first aid

Conclusión: Se observó que existe un desconocimiento sobre las acciones necesarias en la atención de primeros auxilios, lo que repercute en las actitudes y prácticas realizadas, así como en el tratamiento y pronóstico. Así pues, las intervenciones educativas son estrategias que promueven el desarrollo de los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas necesarias para la atención de primeros auxilios

Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e seus fatores de risco na população beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família: uma revisão integrativa / Chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in the bolsa família program beneficiary population: an integrative review / Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo en la población que se beneficia del programa bolsa família: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre a ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e seus fatores de risco (FR) na população beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca por publicações de 2004 a 2020 foi feita nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Indice Bibliográico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), via Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS); Medline, via Pubmed, SCOPUS (via Portal CAPES); e Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Resultados: foram selecionados 23 artigos, os quais foram agrupados em três categorias: 1) Prevalência dos fatores de risco para DCNT em mulheres beneficiárias do PBF: as mulheres beneficiárias apresentaram piores desfechos no consumo de tabaco, menor prática de atividade física, maior prevalência de diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade; 2) Estado nutricional e insegurança alimentar em crianças, adolescentes e famílias beneficiárias do PBF: os estudos apontaram para uma elevada prevalência de obesidade e coexistência de déficit estatural em crianças beneficiárias; e 3) Consumo alimentar de beneficiários do PBF: foi identificado um padrão não saudável de alimentação. Conclusão: usuários do PBF apresentam elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e pior padrão alimentar. Esses dados reforçam a importância de o PBF estar sendo direcionado às populações mais vulneráveis, visando mitigar as imensas desigualdades sociais. No entanto, é necessário avançar em outras políticas públicas de proteção social que impactem os determinantes sociais e melhorem a qualidade de vida de extensa camada da população brasileira.(AU)

occurrence and their risk factors (RF) in the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) beneficiary population. Methods: this is an integrative literature review whose search for publications from 2004 to 2020 was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Indice Bibliográico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), via the Virtual Health Library (VHL); Medline, via Pubmed, Scopus (via Portal CAPES); and Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Results: 23 articles were selected and grouped into three categories: 1) Prevalence of risk factors for NCDs in BFP beneficiary women: beneficiary women had worse outcomes in tobacco consumption, lower physical activity, higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; 2) Nutritional status and food insecurity in BFP beneficiary children, adolescents and families: the studies pointed to a high prevalence of obesity and coexistence of height deficit in beneficiary children; and 3) Food consumption of BFP beneficiaries: an unhealthy eating pattern was identified. Conclusion: BFP users have a high prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and worse dietary patterns. These data reinforce the importance of the BFP being directed to the most vulnerable populations, aiming to mitigate the immense social inequalities. However, it is necessary to advance other public policies of social protection that impact the social determinants and improve the life quality of a large part of the Brazilian population.(AU)

Objetivo: sintetizar evidencias científicas sobre la ocurrencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y sus factores de riesgo (FR) en la población beneficiaria del Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF). Método: se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, cuya búsqueda de publicaciones entre 2004 y 2020 fue realizada en las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS) a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Medline a través del Pubmed, Scopus (vía Portal CAPES) y Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO...(AU)

Turn intention perception and fall detection for smart walkers / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo improve the anti-fall capacity and safety of the smart walkers. MethodsTwo pressure sensors were placed on the handles on both sides of the walker. The confusion matrix was obtained, the corresponding operational intent labels were manually labeled, using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for model prediction to predict the travel intent of the users. The user wore a gyroscope and the walker was equipped with a laser sensor, to measure the angular velocity, angular acceleration and the distance data, respectively, to detect the user's fall. ResultsThe classifier model established by SVM successfully predicted three operating states of the walker, namely straight ahead, left turning and right turning. The user's fall was detected by the sudden change of the following data: the combined angular velocity was greater than 100°/s, the combined angular acceleration was greater than 1.3 G, the angular acceleration of Z-axis was greater than 0.7 G or less than 0.2 G, and the distance was greater than 600 mm or less than 300 mm. ConclusionThe improvement of the walker can predict the turn intention of the user, and detect the user's fall.

Current situation and reflection on management of extremely preterm infants / 中华围产医学杂志

The lower limit of preterm birth varies around the world. In China, the lower limit of preterm infants is set at the gestational age of 28 +0-36 +6 weeks or birth weight ≥1 000 g. Extremely preterm infants are defined as neonates born before 28 weeks of gestation by the World Health Organization. With the development of perinatal medicine and the achievements in neonatal care, the survival rate and the short/long-term outcomes of extreme preterm infants have been greatly improved in China. This article reviews the survival rate, mortality/severe disability rate and medical costs of extremely preterm infants, aiming to provide reference for setting the right lower limit of gestational age for preterm births.

Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during corona virus disease 2019 epidemic (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

Exploration and application of online teaching in first aid skill operation course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the teaching effect and novel ideas of online teaching applied in skill operation course.Methods:One hundred and fifty-one students studying in Sichuan University taking the First Aid in the Life: Basic Knowledge and Skills as an elective course in the autumn semester of 2019 and spring semester of 2020 were included as the research subjects in this study. Among them, 77 students in the spring semester of 2020 were selected as the experimental group and 74 students in the autumn semester of 2019 were selected as the control group. The students in the experimental group studied the first aid course by online platform, and the others in the control group studied through traditional teaching mode. The teaching effect of the two groups was compared and the teaching satisfaction of the two groups weas analyzed. SPSS 23.0 was used for Chi-square test and t-test. Results:There was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the assessment scores of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemostatic bandaging, and fracture fixation [(8.65±0.81 vs 8.69±0.90, P=0.750); (8.10±0.50 vs 8.12±0.61, P=0.880); (8.21±0.89 vs 8.16±0.78, P=0.710)]. Among the students participating in the questionnaire survey in the experimental group, 59 (95.16%) students thought that this course was helpful in dealing with first aid in daily life, and 38 (61.29%) students did not want to change the traditional teaching method to online teaching. Conclusion:The application of online teaching in first-aid skill operation course is feasible and can achieve the similar teaching effect, which provides a novel idea for exploring the online teaching of first aid skills.

Effect of decision aid tools for advance care planning in patients with cancer: a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of decision aid tools for advance care planning (ACP) in patients with cancer.Methods:Randomized controlled trials about the effect of decision aid tools for ACP in patients with cancer were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP, China National Knowledge Internet and Wanfang Data. The retrieval time was from inception to February 23, 2022. Literature screening, quality evaluation and data consolidation were carried out independently by two researchers. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Results:A total of 13 researches were included, involving 2 151 cancer patients. Meta-analysis showed that the signing of advance directives ( OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.22-2.69, Z=2.95, P<0.01) and knowledge scores related to ACP( MD=0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.81, Z=4.90, P<0.01) in experimental group was higher than that in control group, but receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment before death ( MD=0.33, 95% CI 0.21-0.53, Z=4.64, P<0.01) and the level of decision confliction ( MD=-3.69, 95% CI-6.43--0.95, Z=2.64, P<0.01) in experimental group was lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:Existing evidence shows that decision aid tools can improve cancer patients′ awareness of ACP, help patients to join in ACP discussions and sign advanced directives, reduce patients' preference for cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment before death and reduce decision-making conflicts.

Construction and application of the module of medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation after the manned spaceflight lands / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the module of the construction and application of medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation.Methods:According to the purpose, principle, and method set by the module, it was divided into two sub-modules: medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation. During the comprehensive first-aid training, independent training and combined training were carried out respectively according to different mission stages of launch and recovery and different recovery terrain. Meanwhile, research was performed to ensure that medical carrying equipment was lightweight, modular, and portable, and the efficiency of modularization construction was tested in the comprehensive training.Results:The module of medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation obviously shortened the rescuing time during the comprehensive training, the saving effect was remarkable, and the overall saving efficiency was significantly improved.Conclusions:The module of medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation meet the requirements that the emergency support system of aerospace medicine should function on an immediate basis, ensuring accurate treatment and air evacuation without any delay, so that to achieve the aim of aerospace medicare.

The application and effect of "Trinity" emergency chain in the management of patients with epidemic respiratory tract infection under the coordination of multi-branches / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To summarize the application and effect of "Trinity" emergency chain in the management of patients with epidemic respiratory tract infection under the cooperation of multiple hospitals and districts, and to provide a reference for medical institutions to improve the risk response ability.Methods:Based on the collaborative management of multi-branches, the "Trinity" emergency chain of pre-hospital-emergency-critical care, identification-triage-treatment, expansion-training-dispatch was implemented to optimize and integrate medical resources.Results:During the two months, 43,000 patients were admitted to the fever clinic, with an increase of 36.08%. The average waiting time for treatment was 19.83 min, and the average admission time to ICU was 25.35 min.Conclusions:The "Trinity" emergency chain treatment scheme under the coordination of multi-branches can effectively deal with the public health events of respiratory tract infectious diseases, improve the efficiency of rescue and treatment, and enhance the risk response ability of medical institutions.

Avaliação da satisfação dos usuários de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual concedidos por um serviço especializado em saúde auditiva do SUS / Evaluation of the satisfaction of users of hearing aids granted by a specialized service in hearing health of SUS

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de satisfação dos usuários de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual (AASI) atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: Estudo de caráter analítico, quantitativo, transversal e de natureza exploratória. No período entre julho a setembro de 2022 foram coletados no prontuário e durante a entrevista, os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos de 50 participantes, selecionados por conveniência nas sessões de acompanhamento e entrega do AASI no Setor de Saúde Auditiva do Centro Estadual de Reabilitação e Readaptação Dr. Henrique Santillo (CRER). Para avaliar a satisfação dos usuários, utilizou o questionário Satisfaction With Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) com subescalas de avaliação como: efeitos positivos, fatores negativos, imagem pessoal, serviços e custos. Resultados: A amostra deste estudo apresentou 50 participantes, com idade média de 62 anos e prevalência de 66% do sexo feminino. Esse dado levanta a hipótese da população feminina ter um papel ativo na busca da assistência de saúde. Em relação aos sintomas auditivos, grande parte dos pacientes queixaram de hipoacusia (86%) e zumbido (76%) como sinais que os motivaram a procura por um atendimento especializado. O tipo de perda auditiva prevalente foi a neurossensorial (77%) de grau moderado (50%), característica audiológica com maior percentual em ambas as orelhas. Por meio dos dados obtidos a partir da aplicação do questionário SADL, pode-se observar que a subescala de Serviços e Custos (5,85) e Efeitos positivos (5,84) evidenciou uma média superior comparado com as outras subescalas, indicando maior satisfação de tais condições proporcionadas pelo AASI. Conclusão: A maioria dos indivíduos usuários de AASI demonstraram estar satisfeitos com uso do dispositivo. O tempo curto entre o diagnóstico audiológico e a concessão da prótese auditiva, tipo e grau de perda auditiva em conjunto com o acompanhamento periódico para monitorar o processo de adaptação, foram fundamentais para fornecer boa audibilidade, compreensão de fala adequada e sobretudo melhora na qualidade de vida

The present study aimed to evaluate the level of satisfaction of hearing aid users by the Unified Health System. Methods: Study analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional and exploratory. In the period between July and September 2022, the sociodemographic and clinical data of 50 participants were collected from the medical records and during the interview, selected for convenience in the follow-up sessions and delivery of the hearing aids at the Hearing Health Sector of the State Center of Rehabilitation and Readaptation Dr. Henrique Santillo (CRER). To assess user satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) questionnaire was used, with evaluation subscales such as: positive effects, negative factors, personal image, services and costs. Results: The sample of this study had 50 participants, with a prevalence of 66% female and mean age of 62 years. This data raises the hypothesis that the female population has a more active role in the search for health care. Regarding auditory symptoms, most patients complained of hypoacusis (86%) and tinnitus (76%) as signs that motivated them to seek specialized care. The prevalent type of hearing loss was sensorioneural (77%) of moderate degree (50%), an audiological characteristic with the highest percentage in both ears. Through the data obtained from the application of the SADL questionnaire, it can be observed that the subscale Service and Costs (5.85) and Positive Effects (5.84) showed a higher mean compared to the other subscales, indicating greater satisfaction with such conditions provided by the hearing aids. Conclusion: Due to the analyzed data, it is concluded that hearing aid users are satisfied with this device. The short time among the audiological diagnosis and the granting of hearing aids, type and degree of hearing loss, together with periodic follow-up to monitor the adaptation process, were essential to provide good audibility, adequate speech understanding and, above all, improvement in the quality of life

Development and Application of Medical Imaging Analysis Platform Based on Radiomics and Machine Learning Technologies / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#In order to solve the technical problems, clinical researchers face the process of medical imaging analysis such as data labeling, feature extraction and algorithm selection, a medical imaging oriented multi-disease research platform based on radiomics and machine learning technology was designed and constructed.@*METHODS@#Five aspects including data acquisition, data management, data analysis, modeling and data management were considered. This platform provides comprehensive functions such as data retrieve and data annotation, image feature extraction and dimension reduction, machine learning model running, results validation, visual analysis and automatic generation of analysis reports, thus an integrated solution for the whole process of radiomics analysis has been generated.@*RESULTS@#Clinical researchers can use this platform for the whole process of radiomics and machine learning analysis for medical images, and quickly produce research results.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This platform greatly shortens the time for medical image analysis research, decreasing the work difficulty of clinical researchers, as well as significantly promoting their working efficiency.

Knowledge of elementary school teachers about first aid / Conocimientos de los profesores de enseñanza primaria sobre primeros auxilios / Conhecimentos de professores do ensino fundamental acerca de primeiros socorros

ABSTRACT Objective: evaluate the knowledge of elementary school teachers on urgency/emergency care in the school environment. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical study. The study participants were 269 elementary school teachers - Cycle I, from 19 schools under the management of the Municipality of Marilia - SP. Data collection occurred in September 2021 and the instrument used was a questionnaire prepared in the digital platform Google Forms, divided into three sections: the first containing the informed consent and socioeconomic questions, followed by objective questions about previous experiences of the participants and simulated cases of emergency in the school environment. The data collected was analyzed using the SPSS software (version 24.0), using the chi-square test for association of the proportion distribution with a significance level of 5%. Results: among the participants, 53.2% had already witnessed some emergency situation inside the school, in which 11.9% had acted safely. Less than half (42.7%) of the teachers had content about the subject during their graduation, and 68.8% reported never having received training on school accident prevention and first aid. Conclusion: based on the results, we identified that there is a need for teacher training regarding urgency and emergency situations related to the care of children in the school environment, thus trying to provide subsidies for coping with serious situations that may occur at school.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar los conocimientos de los profesores de enseñanza primaria sobre la atención de urgencia/emergencia en un entorno escolar. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico. Participaron en este estudio 269 profesores de escuelas primarias - Ciclo I, de las 19 escuelas que están bajo la gestión del Municipio de Marilia, SP. La recolección de datos ocurrió en septiembre de 2021 y el instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario elaborado en la plataforma digital Google Forms, dividido en tres secciones: la primera conteniendo el consentimiento informado y preguntas socioeconómicas, seguida de preguntas objetivas sobre experiencias previas de los participantes y casos simulados de emergencia en el ambiente escolar. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados en el software SPSS (versión 24.0), realizándose la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para asociación de la distribución de proporciones con el nivel de significación adoptado del 5%. Resultados: entre los participantes, el 53,2% ya había presenciado alguna situación de emergencia dentro de la escuela, en la que el 11,9% había actuado con seguridad. Menos de la mitad (42,7%) de los profesores tuvieron contenidos sobre el tema durante la graduación, y el 68,8% declararon no haber recibido nunca formación sobre prevención de accidentes escolares y primeros auxilios. Conclusión: con base en los resultados, identificamos que existe la necesidad de capacitación de los profesores en relación a situaciones de emergencia y urgencia para el cuidado de los niños en el ambiente escolar, en el intento de proporcionar subsidios para el abordaje de situaciones graves que puedan ocurrir en la escuela.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento dos professores do ciclo fundamental I no atendimento de urgência/emergência em ambiente escolar. Método: trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, de caráter transversal, analítico. Participaram deste estudo 269 professores do ensino fundamental - Ciclo I, das 19 escolas que estão sob gestão do Município de Marília, SP. A coleta de dados ocorreu em setembro de 2021 e o instrumento utilizado foi um questionário elaborado na plataforma digital Google Forms, divido em três seções: a primeira contendo o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e questões de cunho socioeconômico, seguida de questões objetivas sobre vivências prévias dos participantes e casos simulados de urgência em ambiente escolar. Os dados coletados foram analisados no software SPSS (versão 24.0), sendo realizado o teste do Qui-quadrado para associação da distribuição da proporção com o nível de significância adotado de 5%. Resultados: entre os participantes, 53,2% já presenciaram alguma situação de urgência dentro da escola, em que 11,9% atuaram com segurança. Menos da metade (42,7%) dos professores tiveram conteúdo acerca do tema durante a graduação, e 68,8% relatam nunca terem recebido treinamentos sobre prevenção de acidentes escolares e primeiros socorros. Conclusão: mediante os resultados, identificamos que há necessidade de treinamentos para os professores no que se refere às situações de urgência emergência voltadas ao atendimento de crianças no ambiente escolar, procurando, desta forma, dar subsídios para o enfrentamento em situações consideradas graves que podem ocorrer na escola.

Adesão e continuidade ao uso de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual: revisão de escopo / Adherence and continuity to the use of hearing aid: scope review

RESUMO Objetivo identificar os motivos que levam o indivíduo a seguir ou não a recomendação da necessidade do uso do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) e a utilização desse dispositivo ao longo dos anos. Estratégia de pesquisa orientações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) foram seguidas. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram: Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science e Cochrane, utilizando os seguintes descritores: "Hearing Aids", "Patient Compliance" e o indicador booleano AND. Critérios de seleção artigos originais primários com desenhos prospectivos, retrospectivos, observacionais ou experimentais; que levantassem, relatassem, verificassem ou analisassem os motivos de adesão ou não ao uso de AASI, independentemente de ser usuário experiente ou não; realizados com a população jovem, adulta e idosa; com indivíduos com qualquer grau, tipo e configuração de perda auditiva; com adaptações unilaterais ou bilaterais e em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados incluídos 27 estudos na análise. Verificaram-se duas situações distintas no processo de reabilitação auditiva: aceitação à indicação do uso do AASI e a continuidade do uso do dispositivo de maneira efetiva. Os aspectos que auxiliaram positivamente, negativamente ou não interferiram nessas duas fases foram compilados e apresentados. Conclusão os fatores de maior relevância para a não aquisição do AASI são: percepção de baixo custo-benefício, falta de entendimento da real necessidade e dificuldade de aceitação do uso, enquanto que os que mais impactam na continuidade do uso são: qualidade sonora do AASI, dificuldades de manuseio e percepção de pouco benefício.

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the reasons that lead the individual to follow or not the recommendation to use the hearing aid and its use over the years. Research strategy Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) recommendations were followed. The databases searched were: Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Scopus, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane, using the following descriptors: "Hearing Aids", "Patient Compliance" and the Boolean indicator AND. Selection criteria primary original articles with prospective, retrospective, observational or experimental designs; that raise, report, verify or analyze the reasons for adherence or not to the use of hearing aids, regardless of being an experienced user or not; carried out with the young, adult and elderly population; with individuals with any degree, type and configuration of hearing loss; with unilateral or bilateral adaptations and in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results 27 studies were included in the analysis. There were two distinct situations in the auditory rehabilitation process: acceptance of the indication of the use of HA and the continuity of the effective use. Thus, the aspects that positively, negatively or do not interfere in these two phases were compiled and presented. Conclusion the most relevant factors in the non-adherence to HA were: perception of low cost-benefit, lack of understanding of the real need and difficulty in accepting its use; while the ones that most impacted the continuity of use were: HA sound quality, handling difficulties and perception of little benefit.