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@#Objective （ ） To explore the feasibility of using generalized estimating equation GEE to analyze the influencing - （ ） factors of high frequency hearing loss HFHL among noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing enterprise. Methods - The noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing industry who had been tested for pure tone hearing threshold twice or more from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Data ， ， ， ， ， （ ） such as age length of service gender smoking alcohol consumption body mass index BMI and HFHL were collected. The Results influencing factors of HFHL were analyzed using the GEE. The detection rates of HFHL from 2015 to 2019 were ， ， ， ， ， 22.2% 23.8% 24.2% 24.1% and 20.9% respectively. Among them the detection rate of HFHL in 2019 was lower than that （ P ） ， ， in 2017 and 2018 all <0.001 . The GEE analysis results showed that the risks of HFHL in 2015 2016 2017 and 2018 were （ P ）， higher than that in 2019 all <0.01 regardless of interaction effects and after adjusting for confounding factors such as ， ［OR（ CI）］ （ - duration of noise exposure smoking and BMI. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 95% were 1.19 1.07 ）， （ - ）， （ - ） （ - ）， 1.33 1.26 1.13 1.39 1.30 1.18 1.43 and 1.27 1.15 1.39 respectively. The risk of HFHL was higher in males than in （P ）， OR（ CI） （ - ） ， （P ）， OR females <0.01 and 95% was 3.78 3.00 4.77 . The older the age the higher the risk of HFHL <0.01 and （ CI） （ - ） Conclusion - 95% was 1.07 1.05 1.09 . The influencing factors of HFHL among noise exposed workers in the air conditioner industry are age and gender. GEE can be used to analyze the factors influencing the longitudinal data of HFHL in workers with noise exposure.
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Background: Air conditioners are used extensively these days of the modern lifestyle. Inhalation of cold dry air while using Air conditioners causes bronchoconstriction due to which alteration may occur in pulmonary function. This study was aimed to compare the Pulmonary Function tests of Car AC users and non AC users. Methods: The Study included 52 employees not exposed to car air conditioner as a control (group I) and 52 employees exposed to car air conditioner with minimum exposure of 1 hour per day for 6 months as a subject (group II). Pulmonary function tests were performed using computerised spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired t test.Results: Age, Height and weight are not statistically significant between study group and control group. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Ratio of Forced vital capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume, Maximum voluntary ventilation are decreased in car air conditioner users compared to non-users, but was not significant. Forced expiratory flow (FEF), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values shows statistically significant decreased in car air conditioner users.Conclusions: The present study shows hyper-responsive airways on exposure to cold air which leads to bronchoconstriction. The significant decrease in PEFR, FEF suggest that upper airways as well as smaller airways are affected on exposure to car AC. So, Exposure to car Air Conditioner leads to risk of developing respiratory dysfunction.
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Objective:To explore the configuration of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment in comprehensive hospital so as to meet the normal operation of various large medical equipment of hospital.Methods: Facing to the characteristics, that the requirements of large medical equipment on air conditioner and ventilating system were higher than that of common equipment and the configuration requirements of different large medical equipment on air conditioner and ventilating system were different, the allocation according to the demands was adopted.Results:Depended on the equipment parameter and requirement of actual operation of linear acceleration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and the machine room of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the items of new medical technique building of hospital to design the configuration plan of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment so as to ensure their normal operation. Conclusion: In the planning programming and construction management of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment, the different characteristics of them should be considered so as to establish better basis for installation, debugging and operation of equipment in later period. At the same time, these can provide better medical environment for patients and medical staff.
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Objective To investigate the pollution status of Gohieria fusca in the air conditioner-filters of different places in Wuhu City. Methods The dust samples were collected from the filters of air-conditioners in dining rooms,shopping malls,ho-tels and households between June and September,2013,and G. fusca was detected in the dust samples. Results There were 430 dust samples collected and 98 were G. fusca positive with the breeding rate of 22.79%. The difference of breeding rates of G. fusca were statistically significant among the different places(χ2=18.294,P<0.05). Among 510.5 g dust samples in total, 783 G. fusca mites were detected with an average breeding density of 1.53 mite/g. Conclusion G. fusca breeds in the dust of air-conditioner filters in Wuhu City gravely.
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The prevalence of fungal spores in the hospital air is essential to understand the hospital‑acquired fungal infections. Air conditioners (ACs) used in hospitals may either reduce spores in air or be colonised by fungi and aid in its dissemination. The present study was conducted to assess the fungal spore burden in AC and non‑AC areas. We found a high fungal spore count in air irrespective of whether the area was AC or non‑AC. The most predominant species isolated were Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Such high concentrations of pathogenic fungi in air may predispose individuals to develop disease.
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<b>Objective</b> Enveloping airflow, as opposed to direct airflow, warms the room by gently circulating the airflow along the floor, wall, and ceiling, thereby uniformly warming the entire room. The objective of our study was to determine the effects of air-conditioned heating by enveloping-airflow on sense of fatigue and comfort in healthy volunteers.<br> <b>Design</b> Eight healthy women, who often felt discomfort in an air-conditioned heating environment, participated in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. Subjects rested for 30 minutes in a room air-conditioned either by enveloping airflow or by direct airflow, and then performed fatigue-inducing tasks for 2 hours.<br> <b>Methods</b> We evaluated the sense of fatigue by visual analogue scale (VAS), peripheral blood flow by laser-Doppler flowmetry, and sympathetic nerve activity by urinary vanillylmandelic acid level.<br> <b>Result</b> Air conditioning by enveloping-airflow, as compared to direct airflow, enhanced peripheral blood flow and attenuated sympathetic nerve hyperactivity caused by performing fatigue-inducing tasks. Moreover, it helped to maintain subjective levels of motivation and comfort, as well as to alleviate sense of fatigue and cold.<br> <b>Conclusion</b> Air-conditioned heating by enveloping-airflow is effective for attenuating sense of fatigue and discomfort as well as health maintenance.<br>
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<i>Objective</i>: In the present study, we investigated the effects of enveloping-airflow air conditioner on health maintenance and fatigue in healthy volunteers. The enveloping airflow is that of gently holding the whole room space along the ceiling, wall, and floor.<br> <i>Design</i>: In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial, 10 healthy women who had feeling cold, stiff shoulder and knee pain very often under air conditioner working, participated in the study. They performed fatigue-inducing desk work for 2 hours, and rested for 30 minutes in the air conditioned room controlled by enveloping airflow or direct airflow.<br> <i>Methods</i>: We evaluated subjective sensation by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), peripheral blood flow by laser-Doppler flowmetry, and body temperature.<br> <i>Result</i>: The enveloping airflow prevented hypothermia, increased blood flow, moreover attenuated feeling of cold, knee pain and fatigue, increased sensation of comfort as compared with the direct air flow.<br> <i>Conclusion</i>: Enveloping-airflow air conditioner is effective in maintaining health and attenuating fatigue.<br>
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Objetivo. Avaliar o nível de qualidade do ar interno e externo, em diferentes locais da Câmara dos Deputados, em Brasília. Método. Os dados foram obtidos em abril e maio de 2008. Foi usado um amostrador de um estágio, com 400 orifícios, capaz de aspirar 28,3 litros de ar em dez minutos, sobre placa de ágar com 90 mm de diâmetro. Resultados. Os resultados encontrados, com relação à contaminação por fungos, estiveram abaixo de 390 unidades formadoras de colônias (ufc) por metro cúbico de ar, ou seja, dentro dos limites propostos pelo Ministérioda Saúde. Conclusão. Apesar de os resultados terem sido satisfatórios, o trabalho mostra a importância do monitoramento microbiológico em ambientes climatizados artificialmente, com o intuito de manter um nível adequado de saúde ambiental e que não represente risco inaceitável para a saúde das pessoas. Ressalta ainda a necessidade de avaliar o nível de contaminação bacteriana, além do teor de fungos, especialmente em áreas hospitalares ou de grande circulação de pessoas.
Objective. To evaluate both internal and external air quality at different locations within the Chamber of Deputies of the Brazilian National Congress in Brasilia. Methods. Data were obtained in April and May of 2008. A single stage sampler with 400 orifices capable of aspirating 28.3 liters of air through a 90 mm circumference agar plate in ten minutes was used. Results. The study found that the measured fungal contamination, below 390 cfu/m3 of air, was within safe limits as proposed by the Ministry of Health. Conclusion. Although the instant survey results are considered satisfactory, this paper demonstrates the importance of microbial monitoring and surveillance within climate controlled environments. The proposal is to maintain air quality levels in such a way that they do not carry unacceptable health risks. The article still stands out the necessity of evaluating the bacterial contamination beyond fungus, mainly in hospitals or areas with great circulation of peasants.
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Air Conditioning , Air Pollution, Indoor , Air PollutionABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the air quality in the long-distance bus with air conditioner and the uncomfortable index of the passengers during the trip. Methods The air quality in the long-distance buses with air conditioner which were running for 3 hours,5 hours,7 hours respectively was monitored and 200 passengers were investigated by questionnaire during the trip,Jan 2004 -Aug 2005. Results As the running time increasing,CO2 concentration significantly increased. The bacterium,fungus,PM10 and wind speed were increasing gradually,but still in the normal level. The temperature,CO,formaldehyde,benzene,toluene and dimethyl benzene did not increase. The hemolysis streptococcus was not found,the relative humidity droped a little but in normal level. The investigation results of questionnaire showed that 21.5%(43/200) passengers felt peculiar smell,64.5% (129/200)of them appeared lassitude symptom,43% (86/200)of them appeared the symptom of dizzy,thirsty and sore throat,21%(42/200)of them felt eye dry,14.5%(29/200)of them appeared the symptom of headache and breath-block,7%(14/200)of them felt nauseated and skin itch during the trip. Conclusion The CO2 pollution in the investigated long-distance buses is serious and this can impact the health of the passengers.
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Objective To detect mite allergens in the dust of air conditioner filter-net and floating air in room. Methods Samples were collected from rooms of asthma patient and normal families with or without air conditioner. Der p 1,Der f 1 and Der 2 were determined by two monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. Results In asthma patient families,the concentration of airborne Der p 1,Der f 1 and Der 2 was (0.23 ? 0.13),(2.62 ? 1.08),(0.93 ? 0.41) ng/m3,and (0.56 ? 0.25),(4.74 ? 1.22),(2.33 ? 0.64) ng/m3 respectively before and after the air conditioner switched on,all showing a significant difference (P