Relationship between Air Quality of Functional Areasand Hygiene Safety Management Performance in High School Foodservices in Gyeonggi Province

The study examined evaluated the sanitation management state of the high school foodservice operations, as measured by temperature, humidity and airborne bacteria concentration in functional areas and further identified their relationships. Data were collected from 26 high school foodservices in Gyeonggi Province. Statistical analyses were conducted with the SPSS program using descriptive analysis and spearman's correlation. The sanitation management performances in high school foodservice scored 86.85 out of 100 points and showed higher scores in the dimensions of preparation and storing management (17.85/20 points), operation management (17.78/20 points), and cooking utensil management (17.62/20 points), while the dimensions of cross contamination management as well as personal hygiene management needed action plans for prompt improvement. The airborne bacteria concentration was highest in the dining area (179.2 CFU/plate), and requiring action plans for improvement. The relative humidity in functional areas ranged from 66.5% in the receiving area to 74.4% (dish-washing area) and the temperature of the preparation area showed an average of 25.1°C with the highest of 35.4°C in the dish-washing area. In terms of the relationships among airborne bacteria, temperature, and humidity, the concentration of airborne bacteria was negatively correlated with and temperature in the dish-washing area (r= -0.693, P<0.05), and no other significances were shown in the other areas.

Determinación de la calidad bacteriológica del aire en un laboratorio de microbiología en la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas en Bogotá, Colombia / Bacteriological air quality in a microbiology laboratory at the Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. University in Bogotá, Colombia

Objetivo. Determinar las bacterias del aire de un laboratorio de enseñanza de microbiología de la Universidad Distrital y así establecer la posibilidad de riesgo para la salud a la exponen los usuarios por la presencia de estos microorganismos. Métodos. Se tomaron muestras de aire por la técnica de sedimentación, se realizaron recuentos, y caracterización macroscópica y microscópica de las colonias. Después de aislamientos selectivos se llevó a cabo identificación por BD BBL Crystal. Resultados. Se obtuvo mayor recuento de bacterias Gram positivas que de Gram negativas. Se encontraron bacterias de los géneros Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Serratia, Shigella, Klebsiella, Citrobacter y Acinetobacter. Los resultados mostraron que las bacterias identificadas no suponen riesgo elevado para la salud de los usuarios sanos, pero que es necesario implementar medidas para disminuir la carga bacteriana y disminuir posibles afecciones generales en la salud de sus ocupantes.

Objective. Determine airborne bacteria in a teaching laboratory of microbiology at the Distrital University and establish the bacteriological quality of air which users are exposed. Methods. Air samples were taken by sedimentation technique. The recovered colonies were counted, macroscopic and microscopic characterized and culture in selective media. The isolates were identifies by BD BBL Crystal. Results. It was found greater counts of gram-positive bacteria compared with Gram negative. It was identified bacteria of genus Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Serratia, Shigella, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Acinetobacter. The results showed that the bacteria identified do not present high risk to healthy of users, but it is necessary to implement measures to reduce the bacterial presence. Additionally, in this way decrease possible impact in general health of its occupants.

Aerobacterias en las unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconis, Colombia / Air bacteria existing in the intensive care units of Fernando Troconis university hospital in Colombia

Introducción: las infecciones nosocomiales se consideran un importante problema de salud. Los agentes patógenos frecuentemente responsables de estas infecciones son Pseudomonas spp. y Staphylococcus spp., patógenos que pueden estar presente en los bioaerosoles en hospitales. Objetivo: valorar la presencia de aerobacterias en las unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconis, Colombia. Métodos: se recolectaron muestras de aire por triplicado en las dos estaciones de monitoreo ubicadas en las unidades de cuidados intensivos para adultos, pediátrica y neonatal, respectivamente. Se empleó para ello un impactador de cascada provisto con agar manitol salado para la recolección de aerobacterias Staphylococcus spp. y agar pseudomona para Pseudomonas spp. Las muestras recolectadas se incubaron a 37 °C durante 48 horas. Se aplicó análisis de varianza jerarquizado para determinar la influencia del género, estación y unidad sobre la concentración de aerobacterias. Resultados: la máxima concentración obtenida fue 979,9 ± 31,3 UFC/m³ y el máximo valor promedio 277 ± 59,2 UFC/m³. La concentración de Staphylococcus spp. sobrepasó a la de Pseudomonas spp. La unidad con mayor concentración de aerobacterias fue la de adulto, seguida por la neonatal y pediátrica. Los aerosoles respirables representaron el 65 por ciento en relación con los aerosoles sedimentables y se registraron mayores concentraciones de aerobacterias respirables Staphylococcus spp. (71,5 por ciento) comparadas con Pseudomonas spp. (64,6 por ciento). Conclusiones: la concentración de aerobacterias en las unidades de cuidados intensivos es alta, con un alto porcentaje de aerosoles respirables, lo que incrementa la probabilidad de que los pacientes asistidos contraigan infecciones nosocomiales por aerobacterias(AU)

Introduction: nosocomial infections are considered to be significant health problems. The most frequent pathogenic agents responsible for this are Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp which can be present in bioaerosols in hospitals. Objective: to assess the presence of airborne bacteria in intensive care unit of Fernando Troconis university hospital in Colombia. Methods: samples were collected in triplicate at the two monitoring stations located in each of the three intensive care units of the hospital (adult, pediatric and neonatal), using cascade impactor with selective agars: mannitol salt for Staphylococcus spp. and pseudomona agar for Pseudomonas spp. The collected samples were incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. A hierarchical variance analysis was applied to determine the influence of factors such as gender, monitoring station and unit on the concentration of airborne bacteria concentration. Results: the highest concentration was 979.9 ± 31.3 CFU/m3 and the maximum average value was 277 ± 59.2 CFU/m3. Staphylococcus spp. concentration exceeded that of Pseudomonas spp. The intensive care unit with the highest concentration was the adult one, followed by the neonatal and the pediatric ones. Breathable aerosols accounted for 65 percent compared with settleable aerosols, and higher concentration of breathable Staphylococcus spp. airborne bacteria (71.5 percent) compared with Pseudomonas spp. (64.6 percent). Conclusions: airborne bacteria concentration in the intensive care units was high, with significant percentage of breathable aerosols. All this increases the probabilities for the assisted patients to catch nosocomial infections caused by airborne bacteria(AU)

Analysis of Variation in Total Airborne Bacteria Concentration to Assess the Performance of Biological Safety Cabinets in Microbial Laboratories

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the concentration of total airborne bacteria (TAB) in biosafety cabinets (BSCs) at universities and hospital microbial laboratories to assess the performance of BSCs. METHODS: TAB was determined by using the single-stage Anderson sampler (BioStage Viable Cascade Impactor). The samples were obtained three times (with the BSC turned off and the shield open; with the BSC turned off and the shield closed; and with the BSC tuned on and operating) from the areas in front of 11 BSCs. RESULTS: TAB concentrations of accredited and nonaccredited BSCs were determined. No significant differences were observed in the TAB concentrations of the accredited BSCs and the nonaccredited BSCs for the areas outside the BSCs in the laboratories (p > 0.05). TAB concentrations for the BSCs sampled with the shield open and the instrument turned off showed differences based on the sampling site outside the BSC in each laboratory. CONCLUSION: These results imply that TAB concentration is not altered by the performance of the BSCs or TAB itself and/or concentration of TAB outside the BSC is not a good index of BSC performance.

Recommended Value on Hygienic Standard of Airborne Bacteria in Air Defence Fortifications / 第二军医大学学报

The research work on recommended value for hygienic standard of airborne bacteria was made for formulating the hygienic standard of airborne bacteria in air defence fortifications of our country. Examination, classification, and kinetic observation for airborne bacteria and fungi were made in different air defence fortifications in 4 seasons of the year. 2 kind of sampling methods were compared as well. The fundamental situation of airborne microorganism and micro-climate was got in different air defence fortifications installed ventilator. The recommended value on hygienic standard of airborne bacteria in air defence fortifications was proposed according to the result investigated, sanitary demand, national and international standard, and situation of our country.