Study on the determination of total flavonoids in Oxytropis falcata Bunge / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish an UV spectrophotometry method for the determination of total flavonoids in Oxytropis falcata Bunge. Methods Using rutin as comparison，three coloration methods were used to find the optimal assay method, optimize the color conditions and take a systematic methodological investigation. Results The best color development method is aluminum chloride-sodium acetate color method. Using the test product without adding color reagent as a reference, 0.3 mol/L aluminum chloride solution 3.0 ml, 1.0 mol/L sodium acetate 4.0 ml, placed for 16 min, the sample was detected at 277 nm wavelength by AlCl3-CH3COONa reaction by using rutin as reference. The rutin content had a good liner relationship in the range of 8.8 to 44 μg/ml (r=0.9996), and the average recovery rate was 100.91% with RSD of 2.426%. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive and can be used as a method for the determination of total flavonoids from Oxytropis falcata Bunge.

Evaluation of Glucosamine Effect Against Heart and Brain Damage Induced by Y-radiation or Aluminium Chloride in Female Rats

Abstract Glucosamine is known as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and as neuroprotective as well as using to treat many of diseases. This work aimed to investigate the remedial effect of glucosamine (20mg/kg b.wt) against the damage induced by a single dose of γ-radiation (8Gy) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (100mg/kg b.wt) in the heart and brain tissues of female rats. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), LDH and creatine kinase (CPK) were measured. Moreover, gene expression of amyloid protein precursor (APP) and seladin-1 were estimated in the brain tissue. Also, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and p-tau protein expression were estimated in brain homogenate. Metallothioneine (MT) was estimated in the heart and brain tissues. Heart and brain histopathological examination was performed. Irradiation significantly decreased serum AST, CPK and LDH, as well as MT levels in heart and brain tissues. Also, gene expression of seladin-1 decreased. On the other hand, irradiation significantly increased serum TGs level and brain AchE activity, tau protein, and β-amyloid percursor (APP). AlCl3 administration (21 days) induced disturbance in most of the estimated parameters, especially AST, TGs, and MT. Glucosamine treatment with irradiation or AlCl3 improved most of the measured parameters. In addition, histopathological examination confirmed the biochemical results. In conclusion: Glucosamine could be used to improve the heart and brain damages induced by γ-radiation exposure or AlCl3.

Scutellaria barbata flavonoids inhibits NFT aggregation and regulatory mechanism in rats induced by composited Aβ / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effects of Scutellaria barbata flavonoids (SBF) on neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation and the regulated mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3βand protein phosphatase (PP) 2A in the rats induced by amyloid βprotein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with AlCl3 and re-combinant human transforming growth factor ( RHTGF)-β1( composited Aβ) .METHODS:The male SD rats were used to establish the simulated Alzheimer disease ( AD) model by intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ.The Morris water maze was applied for screening the successful model rats with learning and memory deficits .The successful model rats were daily and orally administrated with SBF at doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg or positive control drug Ginkgo biloba leaves flavonoids ( GLF) at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.The silver nitrate staining was used to determine the cortical NFT .The protein levels of total tau, phosphorylated protein of tau at Ser199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βand PP2A in hippocampus and cortex were determined by Western blot .The mRNA expression of GSK3βand PP2A in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:Compared with sham group , the cell number of positive NFT with silver nitrate staining in model rat cerebral cortex was significantly increased .The protein levels of phosphorylated tau protein at Ser 199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βin the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the model rats dramatically elevated , and PP2A was marked decreased as compared with the sham group rats.Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of GSK-3βsignificantly increased but PP2A was de-creased.However, these above abnormalities were differently attenuated by treating with SBF at different doses or GLF at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.CONCLUSION: SBF suppresses the NFT aggregation by inhibition of the regulatory functions of GSK-3βand PP2A, thus reducing the phosphorylation of tau protein .

Effects of acteoside on expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of acteoside (AS)on the expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Meth-ods Kunming (KM)strain mice were assigned into control group,model group,positive control group (VitE)and acteoside group.Every group was induced by a combination of D-galactose(i.p.60mg·kg -1 · d -1 )and AlCl3 (i.g.5mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )for 60ds ex-cept for control group,then mice were treated by dif-ferent concentrations(30,60,1 20 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )of acteoside for 30ds.During the time,mice were in-duced continuously by a combination of D-galactose and AlCl3 .The learning and memory of mice were de-tected by step-down test,the activity of AChE in serum and brain of mice was measured by chemical colorime-try,the structure changes in cerebral cortex were ob-served by HE staining,and the expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex was analyzed through the immunohis-tochemical staining.Results Compared with model group,acteoside could improve the learning and mem-ory abilities(P <0.05 or P <0.01 ),decrease the ac-tivity of AChE in serum and brain(P <0.05 or P <0.01 ),and improve the morphology and number of neuron in cerebral cortex(P <0.01 ).Moreover,acte-oside could significantly inhibit the expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex (P <0.05,P <0.01 ). Conclusion Acteoside has significantly protective effects on brain damage of mice induced by a combina-tion of D-galactose and AlCl3 , and it′s protective mechanism probably relate to inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 and maintainings the normal morphology and number of neuron in cerebral cortex.

Effects of chrysophanol on memory impairment mice and its mechan ism analysis / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the protective effects and mechanism of chrysophanol on learning and memory impairment of mice with acute senile model induced by AlCl 3. METHODS After sc of AlCl 3 60 mg?kg -1 for 7 d and ip chrysophanol 10,1,0 1 mg?kg -1 for 15 d, using step-through test and step-down test, the effect of chrysophanol on learning and memory was observed and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in cerebrum and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px)activities in plasma and cerebrum were measured. RESULTS Chrysophanol 10,1,0 1 mg?kg -1 significantly improved me mory impairment induced by AlCl 3 and enhanced the activities of GSH- px and SOD. CONCLUSION Chrysophanol showed protective effect on br ain memory impairment of mice in acute senile model induced by AlCl 3, perhaps the mechanism is involved in enhancing the activities of GSH-px and SOD, cleari ng away the oxygen radicals, protecting the brain neurons from the harm of lipop eroxide.

Modulation of AlCl_3 on GABA-activated currents in isolated rat DRG neurons / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the modulation of AlCl 3 on GABA activated currents in isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. METHODS Using whole cell patch clamp technique to investigate the effects of AlCl 3 on GABA activated currents in isolated rat DRG neurons. RESULTS The majority of the neurons examined(46/58) were sensitive to GABA in the concentration range from 1 to 1 000 ?mol?L -1 . In the 46 GABA sensitive cells, responses induced by AlCl 3 manifested three types: (1) outward current(3/46); (2) inward current(5/46) and (3) no detectable response(38/46). As compared with GABA activated current, the amplitude of AlCl 3 activated current was smaller. Preapplication with low concentrations of AlCl 3 (≤100 ?mol?L -1 ), the GABA activated current in majority of the cells(32/38) was potentiated, which was dose dependent, the current in a few cells(4/38) was inhibited, while the remaining two(2/38) showed no effect. At higher concentration( 1 000 ?mol?L -1 ), AlCl 3 inhibited the GABA activated current( n =8). It was found that AlCl 3 potentiated both the peak value of and the steady state value of GABA activated currents. CONCLUSION AlCl 3 can modulate the function of GABA A receptors.