The effects of dietary hot pepper Capsicum annuum waste powder supplementation on egg production traits of Japanese quail layers / Efeitos da suplementação de pó de Capsicum annuum na dieta sobre a produção de ovos de codornas japonesas

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) waste supplementation on egg production performance and quality in Japanese quail hens (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 192, seven-week-old Japanese quail layers were divided into 4 treatment groups of similar mean weight (304±0.5 g), each comprising 12 subgroups (including 1 male and 3 females). Treatment birds were fed on experimental basal layer diet supplemented with 1, 2 or 4 g hot pepper waste powder (HPWP) per kg diet. The laying performance was determined by recording feed intake, egg weight, daily egg production, and biweekly egg quality. Results showed that HPWP supplementation to layer diet did not have any significant (P>0.05) effects on body weight and feed conversion ratio, while it had significant effects on feed intake (P<0.01), and laying egg weight, average egg weight, total egg yield (P<0.05). A 2 g HPWP supplementation resulted in the highest total egg yield (P<0.05) with quadratic effects on egg shape index (P<0.05) and albumen pH (P<0.01). According to the values in the study, the egg shape index of 2 g HPWP group was circular and; therefore, attractive to consumers. We highly recommend the non-economic value of 2 g/kg supplementation of hot pepper waste powder, especially for egg production. To conclude, HPWP can be used for quail layer diets due to its beneficial effects on egg quality since it is an economic and easy agricultural by-product obtained from red pepper paste industry waste.

RESUMO: Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de suplementação de resíduos de pimenta na dieta (Capsicum annuum L.), no desempenho e na qualidade da produção de ovos em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Um total de 192 codornas japonesas com sete semanas de idade foram alocadas em 4 grupos com peso médio semelhante (304 ± 0.5 g), cada um compreendendo 12 subgrupos (incluindo 1 macho e 3 fêmeas). As aves tratadas foram alimentadas com dieta experimental basal suplementada com 1, 2 ou 4 g de pimenta em pó (HPWP) por kg de dieta. O desempenho da postura foi determinado pelo registro da ingestão de ração, peso dos ovos, produção diária de ovos e qualidade quinzenal dos ovos. Os resultados mostraram que a suplementação de HPWP à dieta não teve efeitos significativos (P> 0,05) no peso corporal e na taxa de conversão alimentar, enquanto teve efeitos significativos no consumo de ração (P <0,01) e no peso do ovo em postura, peso médio do ovo, produção total de ovos (P <0,05). Uma suplementação de 2 g de HPWP resultou na maior produção total de ovos (P <0,05) com efeitos quadráticos no índice de forma dos ovos (P <0,05) e no pH do albumen (P <0,01). De acordo com os valores do estudo, o índice de forma dos ovos de 2 g do grupo HPWP era circular e, portanto, atraente para os consumidores. É altamente recomendável o valor não-econômico de 2 g / kg de suplementação de pó de pimenta, especialmente para a produção de ovos. Para concluir, a HPWP pode ser usada para dietas de codorna devido aos seus efeitos benéficos na qualidade dos ovos, uma vez que é um subproduto agrícola obtido a partir de resíduos da indústria de pasta de pimenta vermelha de maneira econômica e fácil.

Application of albumen powder during the early standardized nutritional support in ICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the value of the application of albumen powder during the early standardized nutritional support in ICU. Methods Totally 80 patients treated in ICU were enrolled. Randomized digital tables were used to divide patients into experimental and control groups. Nutritive medium was used for enteral nutrition in the control group, and intermixture of nutritive medium and albumen powder was used in experimental group. Results After the intervention, the value of index was significantly better than the control group. The sebum thickness, muscle thickness and plasma total protein and serum album in experimental group before intervention were (0.99±0.72) cm, (2.19±1.14) cm, (62.14±6.87) g/L,(35.32±2.98) g/L, and were (1.01±0.72) cm, ( 2.18±1.13) cm,(64.31±6.97) g/L, ( 36.13± 3.02)g/L in control group, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant .After intervention, the value were (1.06±0.53)cm,(2.25±0.69) cm,(69.87±7.16)g/L,(40.32±3.17) g/L in control group, (1.39±0.63)cm,(2.62±0.81)cm,(44.21±3.22)g/L,(75.24±7.32)g/L in experimental group, there were significant difference between two groups (t=2.182- 5.445, P<0.01 or 0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal reaction in experimental group was 20％ (8/40) which was lower than 35％(14/40) of control group significantly(χ2=19.57,P=0.000). Conclusion Application of albumen powder could improve the index including sebum thickness, muscle thickness, plasma total protein and serum album and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal reaction of patients in ICU.

Avaliação da qualidade de ovos comercializados no município de Manaus, AM / Evaluation of the quality of eggs marketed in the city of Manaus, AM

Esta pesquisa visou analisar os aspectos relacionados à qualidade externa e interna dos ovos comercializados em quatro regiões no município de Manaus/AM, a partir de parâmetros perceptíveis pelo consumidor e por análises laboratoriais. Foram analisados 20 lotes, tendo sido adquiridos cinco da região Norte, quatro das regiões Sul e Leste e sete da região Centro-Oeste. Destes, 13 lotes foram produzidos no Estado do Amazonas, quatro no Rio Grande do Sul e três no Mato Grosso. A partir de cada lote foram analisados seis ovos, perfazendo um total de 120 ovos, do tipo branco e de classificação tipo grande. As análises consistiram em verificar o peso do ovo e avaliar a presença de sujidades (marcas de gaiola, penas, sangue e fezes), bem como de trincas ou contaminação por fungos para qualidade externa. Para determinar a qualidade interna foram verificados altura e pH do albume; altura, comprimento e pH da gema; peso, espessura e percentagem de casca. Observou-se alto grau de contaminação por fungos dos ovos provenientes do RS, enquanto ovos do AM tiveram as maiores porcentagens de marcas de gaiola, penas, trincas e fezes. Em relação à qualidade interna, não houve diferença entre ovos produzidos nos diferentes Estados de origem analisados, com exceção da cor da gema. Considerando regiões da cidade, a Zona Sul e Zona Norte foram as que obtiveram melhores e piores resultados, respectivamente. Os ovos de consumo comercializados no mercado local demonstraram altos índices de defeitos externos, assim como baixa qualidade interna. Tanto a região de produção, quanto de comercialização, foram fatores que influenciaram na qualidade de ovos comercializados no município de Manaus, AM.

Qualidade interna de diferentes tipos de ovos comercializados durante o inverno e o verão / Internal quality of different types of eggs sold during the winter and summer

Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos brancos e vermelhos, comercializados durante o inverno e o verão, no estado de São Paulo. Para tal análise, utilizaram-se ovos classificados como tamanho grande, e a avaliação da qualidade interna realizada por meio das seguintes variáveis: massa média do ovo, gravidade específica, unidade Haugh, índice de gema, coloração da gema e incidência de partículas estranhas nos ovos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em fatorial 2 x 2 (cor da casca x épocas do ano), sendo as cores da casca: branca e vermelha, e as épocas do ano: inverno e verão. Verificou-se que, no verão, foram obtidos os menores valores de massa média do ovo, de unidade Haugh e de índice de gema, o que evidencia maior perda da qualidade do produto, provavelmente devido às elevadas temperaturas, comparativamente ao inverno. Entretanto, durante o inverno, foram observados ovos contendo discos germinativos fecundados. Conclui-se que os ovos comercializados no Vale do Ribeira, SP, apresentaram baixa qualidade e, portanto, estavam impróprios ao consumo e à industrialização.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal quality of white and red eggs marketed during the winter and summer in the state of São Paulo. For this analysis, eggs classified as big were used, with the evaluation of the internal quality carried out according the following variables: Average egg mass, specific gravity, Haugh unit, yolk index, yolk color and strange particles in eggs. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial (shell color x seasons), with shell color: white and red; and seasons: winter and summer. Through the results we found that summer had the lowest values of average egg weight, Haugh unit and yolk index, showing a greater loss of product quality, probably due to the high temperatures compared to the winter. However, during the winter we observed fertilized eggs containing germ discs. We conclude that eggs sold in the Ribeira Valley - SP are of low quality and therefore unfit for consumption and industrialization.

Qualidade de ovos e resistência óssea de poedeiras alimentadas com minerais orgânicos / Quality of eggs and bone strength of layers fed organic minerals

Avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de níveis crescente de minerais orgânicos sobre a qualidade externa e interna de ovos e a resistência de ossos da tíbia de poedeiras semi-pesadas. Foram utilizadas 256 aves, com idade inicial de 30 semanas, distribuídas em 64 gaiolas perfazendo quatro aves por gaiola em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os tratamentos consistiram da inclusão de minerais inorgânicos ou níveis crescentes de orgânicos na dieta basal das poedeiras, resultando em quatro tratamentos. Foram avaliados peso do ovo (g), gravidade específica, peso (g) e espessura (mm) da casca, altura do albúmen (mm), unidade Haugh, peso da gema (g) e do albúmen (g) e resistência óssea (kg). Houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre as médias para peso do ovo e do albúmen. O fornecimento de dietas suplementadas com minerais orgânicos, em nível intermediário resultou na produção de ovos mais pesados, com maior peso de albúmen, e na manutenção das demais características de qualidade externa e interna dos ovos e de resistência óssea.

The effect of increasing levels of organic minerals on the external and internal quality of eggs and tibia bone strength of brown-egg laying hens was studied. A total of 256, 30-week old was equally distributed in 64 cages in a total of four birds per cage in a completely randomized experimental design. The dietary treatments consisted of inorganic or increasing levels of organic minerals in the diets of laying hens, resulting in four treatments. Egg weight (g), specific gravity, shell weight and thickness (mm), albumen height (mm), Haugh unit, yolk weight and albumen (g) and bone strength (kg) were evaluated. A significant difference (P<0.05) among treatment means for egg weight and albumen was found. Intermediate inclusion levels of organic minerals resulted in the production of heavier eggs, with higher albumen weight and maintenance of the other characteristics of internal and external quality of eggs and bone strength.

Qualidade interna do ovo de avestruz após estocagem em temperatura ambiente e refrigerada / Internal quality of ostrich eggs after storage in ambient temperature and in cooling condition storage

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações da qualidade interna de três tipos de ovos de avestruzes: frescos, armazenados sob temperatura ambiente (25°C) e sob temperatura de refrigeração (5°C), durante três, sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias de armazenamento. Houve queda significativa na Unidade Haugh, aumento do pH e diminuição da viscosidade em relação ao tempo de armazenamento. Os ovos mantidos em temperatura ambiente apresentaram maiores alterações do que os ovos armazenados sob refrigeração. Houve uma crescente perda de peso durante os dias de armazenamento, tanto sob temperatura ambiente, quanto em temperatura refrigerada, porém a perda de peso foi mais evidente na temperatura ambiente.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the inside changes quality of fresh ostrich eggs and eggs stored in ambient temperature (25°C) and in cooling condition storage (5°C), during 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after storage. There was a considerable slump at Unity Haugh, pH increasing and viscosity decreasing related to time storage. Eggs stored in ambienttemperature showed more alterations than the ones stored under refrigeration. There was an increasing loss of weight during the days of storage in ambient temperature and in cooling condition storage, although the loss of weight was more notable in the ambient temperature.

Infecção experimental de embriões de frango de corte com Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis fagotipo 4 / Experimental infection of broiler embryos with Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis phagotype 4

Avaliou-se a infecção experimental por Salmonella Enteritidis fagotipo 4 (SEpt4) em embriões de frango de corte para averiguar a habilidade de penetração através da casca e o efeito da inoculação no albúmen, considerando-se a mortalidade, a eclodibilidade e a colonização intestinal dos pintos eclodidos. Foram realizados dois experimentos, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos (T) cada, com 200 e 194 ovos incubáveis das linhagens Ross e ISA Label, respectivamente. Utilizaram-se ovos não sanitizados e inoculados na casca com Salmonella Enteritidis (T1) ou com placebo (T2); ou inoculados no albúmen com Salmonella Enteritidis (T3) ou com placebo (T4). Imediatamente após a inoculação, os ovos foram incubados, e a mortalidade embrionária avaliada após 96, 432 e 528 horas. Salmonella Enteritidis inoculada na casca manteve-se viável na casca e nas membranas durante todo o período de incubação e migrou para o interior dos ovos, entretanto não afetou os parâmetros de incubação. O patógeno inoculado no albúmen determinou mortalidade embrionária tardia nas linhagens Ross, 17,0 por cento, e ISA Label, 13,0 por cento, e originou pintos com maior freqüência de colonização intestinal por Salmonella Enteritidis, 76,7 por cento e 26,7 por cento para Ross e ISA Label, respectivamente.

The experimental infection of Salmonella Enteritidis phagotype 4 (SEpt4) was evaluated in broilers embryos to verify the ability of penetration through eggshell and the effect of albumen inoculation considering embryo mortality, hatchability, and intestinal colonization of hatched chicks. Two trials were conducted using in four treatments each, totaling 200 and 194 fertile eggs of Ross and ISA Label lineages, respectively. Non-sanitized eggs were inoculated on the shell with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 1) or placebo (Treatment 2); and eggs were inoculated in albumen with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 3) or placebo (Treatment 4). Immediately after inoculation, the eggs were incubated and embryo mortality was evaluated after 96, 432, and 528 hours. The results showed that Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated on egg shell remained active there and in shell membranes during all incubation period and migrated to the interior of the eggs; however, it did not affect the incubation parameters. It was observed that Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in albumen caused late embryo mortality in Ross (17.0 percent) and ISA Label (13.0 percent) lineages, and originated chicks with high frequency of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis, being 76.7 percent and 26.7 percent for Ross and ISA Label, respectively.

Qualidade de ovos de consumo submetidos a diferentes condições de armazenamento / Quality of consume eggs submitted to different storage conditions

Verificou-se a qualidade interna de ovos de consumo armazenados sob diferentes condições, utilizando-se 768 ovos, provenientes de galinhas Hy-line com 40 semanas de idade. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2x4x8 (ovos embalados em filme plástico e não embalados), quatro períodos de estocagem em temperatura ambiente (zero, cinco, 10 e 15 dias) e oito períodos de armazenamento sob refrigeração (zero, cinco, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 dias). Foram avaliados os valores das Unidades Haugh (UH) e os de pH do albúmem (pH). Os valores de UH diminuíram com a estocagem, e houve uma queda mais acentuada nos ovos que permaneceram em temperatura ambiente. A embalagem das bandejas de ovos mostrou-se eficaz na preservação da qualidade interna dos ovos, pois os valores de UH mantiveram-se altos por um maior período de estocagem. Os índices de pH aumentaram com o período de armazenamento dos ovos (P<0,05) independentemente da temperatura de estocagem e do uso da embalagem. Foi concluído que a temperatura e o tempo de armazenamento dos ovos exercem influência nos valores de UH, e que a embalagem das bandejas de ovos em filme plástico melhora a qualidade interna dos ovos.

The internal quality of 768 commercial white eggs from 40-week-old Hy-Line laying hens was evaluated after storage under different conditions. The eggs were submitted to treatments in a factorial scheme of 2x4x8, being two types of package (using plastic film or not), four periods of storage (zero, five, 10, and 15 days), and eight refrigerated storage times (zero, five, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days). The values of Haugh Unities (HU) and albumen pH were measured. The HU values significantly decreased (P<0.05) during storage mainly at room temperature. Wrapping the eggs packages with plastic film showed efficient in preserving their internal quality since it kept HU higher for a longer storage time. The pH values of the eggs increased during the storage time (P<0.05), independently of both storage temperature and packaging. It was concluded that temperature and time of storage of eggs influenced on the values of HU and wrapping the eggs packages with plastic film improved their internal quality.

Efeito da temperatura de estocagem e do tipo de embalagem sobre a qualidade interna de ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) / Effect of storage temperature and type of package on the internal quality of eggs from japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)

Avaliou-se o efeito de temperatura de estocagem e tipo de embalagem, na qualidade interna de ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica, Temminck & Schlegel, 1849), no 5º, 10º, 15º e 20º dias experimentais. Utilizaram-se 192 ovos de codornas japonesas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com vinte e quatro tratamentos e oito repetições de um ovo por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de duas temperaturas de estocagem (ambiente e sob refrigeração) versus três tipos de embalagem (papel, isopor e plástico), casualizada nas parcelas, versus quatro tempos (5º, 10º, 15º e 20º dias de estocagem), alocados nas subparcelas. As variáveis estudadas foram perda de peso (PP), em porcentagem, altura de albume (AA), em milímetros, e unidade Haugh (UH). Com o aumento do tempo de estocagem, houve redução da altura de albume e da unidade Haugh e aumento da perda de peso de ovos de codornas japonesas, armazenados sob temperatura ambiente. No decorrer do período de estocagem, os valores médios de altura de albume e unidade Haugh de ovos de codornas japonesas, estocados sob refrigeração foram maiores do que as respectivas médias de altura de albume e unidade Haugh de ovos estocados sob temperatura ambiente. O uso da embalagem de isopor proporcionou menor perda de peso dos ovos do que o uso das embalagens de papel e de plástico, independente do tempo e da temperatura de estocagem.

The effect of storage temperature and kind of package on the internal quality of eggs from japanese quails (Coturnix japonica, Temminck & Schlegel, 1849) on the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th experimental days were evaluated. One hundred and ninety two eggs from japanese quails were used in a completely randomized outline and splitplot scheme, with twenty four treatments and eight replicates of one egg per experimental unit. The treatments were consisted from the combination of two storage temperatures (room temperature and under refrigeration) versus three kind of package (paper, isopor and plastic), randomized to the plots, versus four times (5th, 10th, 15th and 20th days of storage), allotted to the splitplots. The studied traits were weight loss, in percentage, albumen height, on millimeter, and Haugh unit. As long as storage time increased, albumen height and Haugh unit decreased and weight loss japanese quail eggs stored at room temperature increased. During the storage time, the average values of albumen height and Haugh unit of japanese quail eggs stored under refrigeration were higher than respective means of albumen height and Haugh unit eggs stored at room temperature. The use of isopor package allowed smaller weight of loss of eggs than the use of paper and plastic packages, independently of time and storage temperature.

Clinical Significance of Serum IL-18 and IL-18BP in Patients with Primary Liver Cancer / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study the relationships between serum IL-18 and IL-18BP and the development,metastasis,curative effect and prognosis of primary liver cancer.Methods There were total 49 cases patients,of which 28 cases primary hepaticcarcinoma(PHC)and 21 cases liver cirrhosis(LC),and 18 cases heathy people.Their serum levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP were determined by using an ELISA assay and comparation.Results The serum IL-18 in PHC was significantly lower than that in LC and controls;the serum IL-18BP in PHC was significantly higher than that in LC and controls;the IL-18 and IL-18BP in LC were significantly higher than those in controls(P

Neural Tube Defect of Chick Embryos by Needle Puncture and Albumen Removal

OBJECTIVE: The animal research of embryonic teratogenesis is widely performed and the neural tube defects are also studied through various animal models. Particularly, the experimental research on chick embryos is performed with great popularity. In this experiment we studied the effect of albumen removal and the needle puncture on the development of neural tube defects in chick embryos. METHODS: The domestic hen eggs of control group are incubated for 14 days at 37.5degreesC and 70% humidity. The experimental group was divided into three groups, needle puncture group, 5 cc albumen removal group and 10 cc albumen removal group after the eggs were incubated for 24-28 hours and incubated for another 13 days after the puncture with or without albumen removal. After 14 days of incubation, all the embryos were isolated and morphologically characterized. RESULTS: Of 39 incubated chick embryos in control group, 31 embryos were grown as normal and 8 embryos were grown as anomalous. The numbers of total(normal/anomalous/developmentally arrest) embryos of each group were 37(14/16/7), 37(9/17/11), and 37(6/13/18) in the needle puncture, 5cc albumen removal and 10cc albumen removal groups, respectively. Needle puncture increased the teratogenesis of chick embryos significantly but did not increase the neural tube defect. In cases of 5 cc albumen removal, the teratogenesis of chick embryos was increased to a significant level and the incidence of neural tube defect was increased significantly. In cases of 10 cc albumen removal, not only teratogenesis but also growth arrest were increased markedly. Therefore, it was not considered to be an adequate experimental model. CONCLUSIONS: This results indicate that needle puncture itself to remove the albumen from chick embryos had nothing to do with the neural tube defects and therefore its effect can be excluded. Needle puncture and albumen removal cause not only neural tube defects but other malformations such as abdominal wall defects, developmental arrest, and malformation of eyes.

Study on the Hemostatic Effect of Extracts from Herb Lamiophlomis rotata and Its Mechanism / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To study the effect of Tibet medicine of Herba Lamiophlomis rotata on promoting hemostasis and blood coagulation and to explore its mechanism. Methods High dose(2 g/kg),middle dose(1 g/kg) and low dose (0.5 g/kg) of the aqueous extract from Herba Lamiophlomis rotata(HLRE)were given to mice by gastric gavage for 3 days,and then bleeding time (BT),clotting time(CT) and platelet count(PLC)were determined. Different doses of HLRE(3,1.5,0.75 g/kg)were administered by gastric gavage to rats for 14 days,and then blood samples were collected from common carotid artery for the determination of prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen(FIB),hepatic function and blood lipid indexes. Results Compared to the blank control group,the bleeding time and clotting time were obviously shortened in 2g/kg HLRE and 1g/kg HLRE groups and positive control group,but the difference of PLC was insignificant. PT and APTT values in all of the treatment groups did not differ from those in the blank control group. However, TT values were obviously shortened in 3 g/kg HLRE group,FIB and Albumen(Alb)values increased,the aminotransferase and blood lipid values tended to decrease. Conclusion The aqueous extract from Herba Lamiophlomis rotata has an effect on promoting hemostasis and blood coagulation ,and its mechanisms may be related to the increase of FIB and Alb contents and the shortening of TT value.

Preparation and Quality Control of Oceanic Lysozyme Film / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To prepare oceanic lysozyme film and establish a method for its quality control.METHODS:Film agent was prepared with oceanic lysozyme as the principle agent and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose as the film-former.Folin-phenol method and agar plate diffusion method were used respectively to determine the concentration of albumen and enzyme activity of oceanic lysozyme;and the content of lysozyme in the oceanic lysozyme film was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.RESULTS:Both albumen concentration and enzyme activity of oceanic lysozyme were up to the bacte?riostatic requirement.The average recovery rate of sample was101.0%(RSD=0.67%).Storing within6months,each index of the sample experienced no marked change.CONCLUSION:The preparation is simple in production,controllable in quality and it served as a new preparation for the clinical treatment of vaginitis.