ABSTRACT
Abstract As an important enzyme, xylanase is widely used in the food, pulp, and textile industry. Different applications of xylanase warrant specific conditions including temperature and pH. This study aimed to carry out sodium alginate beads as carrier to immobilize previous reported mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum which expressed in E. coli, the activity of immobilization of mutated xylanase was elevated about 4% at pH 6 and 13% at 62 °C. Moreover, the immobilized mutated xylanase retained a greater proportion of its activity than the wide type in thermostability. These properties suggested that the immobilization of mutated xylanase has potential to apply in biobleaching industry.
Resumo Como importante enzima, a xilanase é amplamente utilizada na indústria alimentícia, de celulose e têxtil. Diferentes aplicações de xilanase garantem condições específicas, incluindo temperatura e pH. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar grânulos de alginato de sódio como carreador para imobilizar xilanase mutada relatada anteriormente de Neocallimastix patriciarum que expressa em E. coli, a atividade de imobilização da xilanase mutada foi elevada em cerca de 4% em pH 6 e 13% a 62 °C. Além disso, a xilanase mutada imobilizada reteve uma proporção maior de sua atividade do que o tipo amplo em termoestabilidade. Essas propriedades sugerem que a imobilização da xilanase mutada tem potencial para aplicação na indústria de biobranqueamento.
Subject(s)
Neocallimastix , Temperature , Escherichia coli/geneticsABSTRACT
As an important enzyme, xylanase is widely used in the food, pulp, and textile industry. Different applications of xylanase warrant specific conditions including temperature and pH. This study aimed to carry out sodium alginate beads as carrier to immobilize previous reported mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum which expressed in E. coli, the activity of immobilization of mutated xylanase was elevated about 4% at pH 6 and 13% at 62 °C. Moreover, the immobilized mutated xylanase retained a greater proportion of its activity than the wide type in thermostability. These properties suggested that the immobilization of mutated xylanase has potential to apply in biobleaching industry.
Como importante enzima, a xilanase é amplamente utilizada na indústria alimentícia, de celulose e têxtil. Diferentes aplicações de xilanase garantem condições específicas, incluindo temperatura e pH. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar grânulos de alginato de sódio como carreador para imobilizar xilanase mutada relatada anteriormente de Neocallimastix patriciarum que expressa em E. coli, a atividade de imobilização da xilanase mutada foi elevada em cerca de 4% em pH 6 e 13% a 62 °C. Além disso, a xilanase mutada imobilizada reteve uma proporção maior de sua atividade do que o tipo amplo em termoestabilidade. Essas propriedades sugerem que a imobilização da xilanase mutada tem potencial para aplicação na indústria de biobranqueamento.
Subject(s)
Alginates/pharmacokinetics , Neocallimastix , Xylans/analysisABSTRACT
Abstract As an important enzyme, xylanase is widely used in the food, pulp, and textile industry. Different applications of xylanase warrant specific conditions including temperature and pH. This study aimed to carry out sodium alginate beads as carrier to immobilize previous reported mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum which expressed in E. coli, the activity of immobilization of mutated xylanase was elevated about 4% at pH 6 and 13% at 62 °C. Moreover, the immobilized mutated xylanase retained a greater proportion of its activity than the wide type in thermostability. These properties suggested that the immobilization of mutated xylanase has potential to apply in biobleaching industry.
Resumo Como importante enzima, a xilanase é amplamente utilizada na indústria alimentícia, de celulose e têxtil. Diferentes aplicações de xilanase garantem condições específicas, incluindo temperatura e pH. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar grânulos de alginato de sódio como carreador para imobilizar xilanase mutada relatada anteriormente de Neocallimastix patriciarum que expressa em E. coli, a atividade de imobilização da xilanase mutada foi elevada em cerca de 4% em pH 6 e 13% a 62 °C. Além disso, a xilanase mutada imobilizada reteve uma proporção maior de sua atividade do que o tipo amplo em termoestabilidade. Essas propriedades sugerem que a imobilização da xilanase mutada tem potencial para aplicação na indústria de biobranqueamento.
ABSTRACT
Caustic ingestion is a major health concern in both developed and developing countries, that may lead to serious esophageal injury. The clinical presentation of caustic ingestion in children vary from asymptomatic to serious and fatal sequelae, such as perforation and stricture formation. Objective: Due to the lack of a comprehensive study in our area, this study has evaluated clinical and endoscopic manifestations and complications of caustic ingestion in children in south of Iran. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 75 children with caustic ingestion who admitted in Nemazee Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Science during 6 years (2006-2011). Sign and symptoms were recorded for each case. Results: The most common symptoms were dysphagia, oral lesions, vomiting, and drooling. Esophageal injuries were detected in both acid and alkali ingestion, but gastric injuries was significantly more in acid ingestion. During follow up period, 20% of all cases developed esophageal stricture. Conclusion: Dysphagia, oral lesions, vomiting, and drooling were the most common findings. Esophageal stricture was found in 20% of cases during 3 months of follow up.
La ingestión de cáusticos es una gran preocupación de salud tanto en países desarrollados como en vías de desarrollo, que puede llevar a lesiones esofágicas graves. La presentación clínica de la ingestión de cáusticos en niños varía desde asintomática hasta tener secuelas fatales, como perforación y/o estenosis. Objetivo: Debido a la ausencia de estudios en nuestra área, este estudio ha evaluado las manifestaciones clínicas, endoscópicas y las complicaciones de la ingesta de cáusticos en niños en el sur de Irán. Materiales y métodos: En estudio retrospectivo, revisamos 75 niños con ingesta de cáusticos que ingresaron al Nemazee Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Science durante 6 años (2006-2011). Los signos y síntomas fueron recolectados para cada caso. Resultados: Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron disfagia, lesiones orales, vómitos y salivación. Las lesiones esofágicas se detectaron tanto en ingestión de ácido como de álcali, pero las lesiones gástricas fueron definitivamente más frecuentes con la ingestión de ácidos. Durante el periodo de seguimiento el 20% de los casos desarrolló estrechez esofágica. Conclusión: La disfagia, lesiones orales, vómitos y salivación fueron los hallazgos más comunes. La estrechez esofágica se encontró en el 20% de los casos durante los tres meses de seguimiento de los pacientes.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Stomach/injuries , Burns, Chemical/diagnosis , Caustics/toxicity , Esophagus/injuries , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Burns, Chemical/complications , Burns, Chemical/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Esophagoscopy , Eating , Esophageal Stenosis/diagnosis , Esophageal Stenosis/chemically induced , Esophageal Stenosis/epidemiology , Esophagus/diagnostic imaging , Iran/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Introdución: La ingesta accidental de cáusticos en pediatría no dispone de un consenso claro de actuación. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la población pediátrica atendida por ingesta de cáusticos en un centro asistencial. Pacientes y método: Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes atendidos en nuestro hospital por la ingesta de cáusticos durante el período 2008-2011. Resultados: Se atendieron 12 pacientes, edad media de 3,8 años (1-13 años). Predominio de varones (58,8%). Un 58,3% ingirió producto alcalino y un 41,6% ácido. El 58,3% no refería sintomatología, el resto refirió vómitos (33,3%), odinofagia (16,6%), hematemesis (8,3%), sialorrea (8,3%) y dificultad respiratoria (8,3%). El 75% presentaron lesiones en la cavidad oral. Todos, salvo un caso, fueron accidentales. Se realizó endoscopia al 100% entre las 12 y 24 h postingesta con hallazgos patológicos en un 41,6%. En el grupo ingesta de álcalis 2 pacientes presentaron lesiones (16,6%): una esofagitis grado 2B y una grado 3. En el grupo ingesta de ácidos 4 pacientes (33,3%) presentaron lesiones: una esofagitis aguda grado 1-2A, 2 gastritis agudas no erosivas y una gastritis aguda hemorrágica. Se realizó endoscopia de control según los hallazgos endoscópicos previos. Solo 2 presentaron complicaciones posteriores. Conclusiones: Destacamos la valoración endoscópica en las primeras 24 h en todas las ingestas sintomáticas y deliberadas, así como la reevaluación estrecha en las ingestas ácidas, por asociar lesiones diferidas.
Introduction: There is no clear consensus on the management of accidental ingestion of caustic substances in paediatrics. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of the paediatric population treated due to caustic ingestion in a Healthcare Centre. Patients and method: A descriptive study was conducted on patients treated for the ingestion of caustic substances in our hospital during the period 2008-2011. Results: A total of 12 patients were treated, with a mean age of 3.8 years (1-13 years), with the majority males (58.8%). An alkaline product was ingested by 58.3%, and an acid by 41.6%. The majority (58.3%) did not refer to symptoms and the remainder referred to vomiting (33.3%), odynophagia (16.6%), haematemesis (8.3%), hyper-salivation (8.3%) and shortness of breath (8.3%). Oral cavity lesions were observed in 75% of cases. All, except one, were accidental. An endoscopy was performed on all of them (100%) between 12 and 24 hours post-ingestion, with pathological findings in 41.6%. In the group that ingested an alkali, 2 (16.6%) patients had lesions, one a grade 2B and one a grade 3 oesophagitis. In the acid ingestion group, 4 (33.3%) patients had lesions; one grade 1-2A oesophagitis, two acute non-erosive gastritis, and one acute haemorrhagic gastritis. A follow-up endoscopy was performed depending on the previous endoscopic findings. Only two patients presented with complications. Conclusions: Emphasis is placed on the endoscopic evaluation in the first 24 hours of deliberate asymptomatic ingestions, as well as a strict follow-up in those that ingested acids, due to delayed associated lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Burns, Chemical/etiology , Caustics/toxicity , Endoscopy/methods , Esophageal Stenosis/chemically induced , Time Factors , Burns, Chemical/diagnosis , Burns, Chemical/pathology , Caustics/chemistry , Follow-Up Studies , Esophageal Stenosis/pathology , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Esophagitis/chemically induced , Esophagitis/pathology , Gastritis/diagnosis , Gastritis/chemically induced , Gastritis/pathologyABSTRACT
Se realizó una revisión de la situación actual y manejo de la urgencia de este tipo particular de trauma ocular. Se detectó el trauma químico por álcalis (58,5 %) como el agente etiológico más importante, además de ser el más peligroso entre las sustancias que pueden provocarlo. El lavado profuso con agua o soluciones balanceadas, continúa como el tratamiento de elección en el manejo inicial, y depende de este, la integridad de las estructuras oculares y la agudeza visual final que alcanzará el paciente. Se propone un flujograma con la conducta a seguir en estos casos de forma general.
A review of the current situation and management of the ocular chemical injury in the emergency room was made. Alkalis was the most frequent and dangerous etiological agent (58,5 %) of chemical injuries in the eye. Ocular washing with abundant water or balanced solutions remains the treatment of choice as initial management, which determines the ocular structure integrity and the final visual acuity. A general flowchart containing the behavior to be adopted in these cases was submitted.
ABSTRACT
Se comunica brevemente lo más actual sobre el control y tratamiento médico por la ingestión de sustancias cáusticas como ácidos y álcalis, así como de las personas que ingieren drogas con el objetivo de transportarlas de forma ilegal.
A short report is made on the most current aspects of the control and medical treatment for the ingestion of caustic substances as acids and alkalis, as well as on people who ingest drugs with the objective of transporting them in an illegal way.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acids , Alkalies , Caustics/poisoning , Poisoning/therapy , Illicit Drugs , Toxic SubstancesABSTRACT
Introdução: Amônia Anidra (AA) é um cáustico comumente usado na indústria que, acidentalmente, pode causar queimaduras, mesmo com um breve contato. Como ocorre com outras queimaduras por álcalis, a lavagem precoce remove a AA das áreas afetadas e é fundamental para limitar a lesão tecidual. A concentração do tóxico e a duração do contato determinam o grau de destruição da pele e das mucosas. Um caminhão carregado de AA (NH3) capotou na estrada, liberando densa nuvem de gás AA. Cinquenta e quatro pessoas inalaram o gás e, depois de noventa dias, três pessoas ainda apresentavam rouquidão, sendo por nós examinadas. Relalto do Caso: Avaliamos três pacientes com sequelas laríngeas por queimadura após inalação de AA. Encontramos um caso de hiperemia e edema, um de granuloma de 1/3 posterior de prega vocal esquerda e um de sinéquia de pregas vocais. São comentados os achados de necropsia, tanto macro quanto microscopicamente. São discutidas as sequelas apresentadas, bem como os melhores tratamentos.
Introduction: Anhydrous Ammonia (AA) is a caustic compound commonly used in the industry that can cause burns, even with brief contact. As with other alkali burns, the early washing to remove the AA from burnt areas is crucial to limit tissue damage. The concentration of toxic agent and duration of its contact determine the degree of skin and mucosa destruction. A tanker truck carrying AA (NH3) fell off a highway, and released a dense cloud of AA gas. Fifty-four people inhaled the gas and after ninety days, three people were still experiencing hoarseness and were examined. Case Report: We assessed three patients with laryngeal sequelae due to AA inhalation burn. We found a case of hyperemia and edema, one case of granuloma of the posterior third portion of the left vocal cord, and one case of vocal cord adhesion. Necropsy findings are commented both macroscopically and microscopically. The sequelae and the best treatments for them are discussed herein.