Effect of Oral Reading Training on Post-stroke Alexia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of oral reading training on acquired alexia after stroke. Methods:From September, 2018 to August, 2019, 41 stroke patients with alexia were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and experimental group (n = 21). Both groups accepted Schuell stimulation approach, while the experimental group accepted oral reading training in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) before and after treatment. Results:Aphasia quotient (AQ) increased in both groups after treatment, as well as reading score and oral reading accuracy. The Cohen's d coefficients of all the indexes were more in the experimental group (0.45, 0.68, 0.85) than in the control group (0.29, 0.39, 0.51). There was not significant correlation between the subjective scores of the therapists and the indexes improvement (P > 0.05). Conclusions:Oral reading training may improve the reading ability in stroke patients with alexia. There is no clear correlation between the subjective and objective scores for alexia.

Advance in Acquired Alexia Rehabilitation (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Acquired Alexia is a kind of reading problem caused by brain injury. This paper reviewed the rehabilitation for alexia in term of the characteristics of cognitive linguistic neuro-psychology.

Ideographic Alexia without Involvement of the Fusiform Gyrus in a Korean Stroke Patient: A Serial Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

BACKGROUND: Korean orthography is composed of Hanja (ideograms) and Hangul (phonograms). Based on previous studies, the fusiform gyrus has been associated with ideogram reading. We examine serial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images in a patient exhibiting dissociation of Hanja and Hangul reading to identify brain areas associated with Hanja reading. CASE REPORT: fMRI were taken of a 63-year-old man showing profound Hanja alexia with normal Hangul reading after an acute stroke involving the left frontal and parietal lobes, who later spontaneously recovered his Hanja reading ability. Scans were taken while performing Hanja and Hangul reading tasks on three occasions. As a result, in spite of having profound Hanja alexia, partial activation of the fusiform gyrus was observed on the first fMRI. Serial fMRI scans showed activation of the bilateral middle frontal gyri that increased in parallel with the patient's recovery of Hanja reading. CONCLUSIONS: The frontal lobe, not only fusiform gyrus, may play role in reading Hanja, although more evidence is needed.

L’alexie aujourd’hui: quelques hypothèses sur un symptôme de notre temps / Alexia today: hypotheses about a symptom for our times / Alexia hoje: algumas hipóteses sobre um sintoma do nosso tempo / La alexia hoy: algunas hipótesis sobre un síntoma de nuestro tiempo

La difficulté pour un sujet à lire — voire à écrire — est un symptôme actuel de notre civilisation. Plusieurs exemples cliniques viennent interroger le rapport entre apprentissage et savoirin conscient pour un sujet. L’origine de l’envie d’apprendre dans les pulsions freudiennes est soulignée ainsi que la nécessaire fonctionde perte des objets petit a (et particulièrement le regard et la voix).Du côté du réel, la fonction des lettres qui se perdent est aussi miseen question. La direction de la cure et la prise en compte de satemporalité est traitée en vue d’une lecture de l’inconscient commeun jeu de mots, de lettres.

A dificuldade de ler – ou mesmo escrever – de um sujeito é um sintoma atual da nossa civilização. Vários exemplos clínicos questionam a relação entre o aprendizado e o saber inconsciente. A origem da vontade de aprender é abordada por Freud nas pulsões, assim como a necessidade de perda do objeto a, considerando-se particularmente o olhar e a voz. No âmbito do real, a função das letras que se perdem é também levada em consideração. A direção da cura e a relevância da sua temporalidade são abordadas objetivando uma leitura do inconsciente como um jogo de palavras e de letras.

A subject’s difficulty to read – or even write – is a current-day symptom of ourcivilization. Several clinical examples question here the relationship between learningand unconscious knowledge for a subject. The origin of the will to learn, related to thedrives, was taken up by Freud. This has also been discussed in relation to the loss ofobject a (especially in terms of the gaze and the voice). In the sphere of the real, thefunction of letters that are lost is also examined. The direction of the treatment and theimportance of its temporality are thus approached in order to provide a reading of theunconscious as an interplay of words and letters.

La dificultad de leer – o mismo escribir – de un sujeto es un síntoma actual denuestra civilización. Múltiples ejemplos clínicos interrogan la relación entreaprendizaje y saber inconsciente para un sujeto. El origen del deseo de aprender esligado por Freud a las pulsiones, así como también a la necesaria función de la perdida de los objetos a (particularmente la mirada y la voz). Del lado de lo real, la funciónde las letras que se pierden es llevada en consideración. La dirección de la cura y larelevancia de su temporalidad es abordada con miras a una lectura del inconscientecomo un juego de palabras y de letras.

Pure Alexia in Chinese: A Case Report / 中国康复理论与实践

@#A patient with pure alexia after occipital lobe and splenium infarction was investigated systematically in cognition and speech. It suggested that the damage of the route from orthographic processing to mental lexicon might cause reading disability, that meant the patient can not extract the phonological and semantic information from the mental lexicon. This patient presented some visual perception disorder, but the significance of visual perception still needs further research.

System Reading Therapy on Alexia after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the effect of system reading therapy on alexia after stroke.Methods104 stroke patients with alexia were divided into two groups: observation group(51) and control group(53). General speech training were used for the two groups, while the observation group received system reading training at the same time, all for 30 minutes, once a day for 1 month. Chineses Standard Aphasic Examination was applied to assess the reading ability before and 1 month after treatment.ResultsThere are three kinds of alexia in the patients: frontal alexia, alexia with agaphia, and subcortical aphasic alexia. Reading ability improved in the two groups (P<0-01), but the observation group was better than the control group(P<0-05).ConclusionSystem reading therapy is very helpful to improve reading ability of stroke patients with alexia.

Pathogenesis of Chinese Alexia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#The studies of the pathogenesis of alexia in the west were based on the alphabetic writing system. Chinese is a meaningful writing system, which has its own characteristic of orthographic, semantic and phonological. In recent years, with the development of cognitive neuropsychology, the researchers have investigated the Chinese alexic patients, revealed the special clinical feature of Chinese alexia, and discussed the pathogenesis of it. This article would review the advance of Chinese alexia.

Dissociation of Hangul and Hanja Reading After Left Parieto-occipital Infarction: Alexia with agraphia with Hangul, but preserved in Hanja

Korean vocabularies are composed of ideograms (Hanja) and phonograms (Hangle) just like Kanji (ideogram) and Kana (Phonogram) in Japanese. Double dissociation between the phonogram and ideogram has been reported in both languages. According to those studies, the ideograms are localized in more selective brain areas than the phonograms. We report on a case of alexia with agraphia for Hangle and intact reading for Hanja after a left parieto-occipital lobe infarction.

Recent Advances in Research on Reading and Processing of Chinese Characters with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 国际脑血管病杂志

Understanding the basic mechanism of reading is the foundation for studying the pathogenesis of alexia and its rehabilitation care. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is one of imaging methods that can display the neurological activities in brain in vivo. It has been used in the studies of linguistics in recent years, particularly in the mechanisms of reading and processing. The article reviews the lateralization of Chinese single word processing and whether or not the specific brain region for cognitive processing of Chinese characters exists.

El rol de la información morfológica: evidencias de un caso de alexia / The role of morphological information in the lexicon: evidences from a case of alexia

Los modelos de léxico discuten la posibilidad de que el morfema más que la palabra completa sea la unidad de procesamiento. Se postularon dos tipos de modelos: por un lado, aquellos que proponen que el léxico contiene entradas léxicas completas para las palabras polimorfémicas; por otro, aquellos que asumen que las entradas léxicas corresponden a unidades morfológicamente descompuestas y que es necesario un mecanismo prelexical de descomposición morfológica de los estímulos. Una tercera posición (mixta), derivada de la última asume dos mecanismos de acceso, uno a través de palabra completa (para palabras frecuentes) y otro a través de unidades morfémicas (para palabras poco frecuentes y palabras nuevas), que permiten el acceso a un léxico cuyas representaciones son morfémicas. En este trabajo discutiremos el caso de una paciente con alexia fonológica cuyos resultados en tareas de lectura y decisión léxica de palabras y no palabras pueden explicarse a la luz de este modelo.

Hanja Alexia with Agraphia After Left Posterior Inferior Temporal Lobe Infarction: A Case Study

Korean written language is composed of ideogram (Hanja) and phonogram (Hangul), as Japanese consists of Kanji (ideogram) and Kana (phonogram). Dissociation between ideogram and phonogram impairment after brain injury has been reported in Japanese, but few in Korean. We report a 64-yr-old right-handed man who showed alexia with agraphia in Hanja but preserved Hangul reading and writing after a left posterior inferior temporal lobe infarction. Interestingly, the patient was an expert in Hanja; he had been a Hanja calligrapher over 40 yr. However, when presented with 65 basic Chinese letters that are taught in elementary school, his responses were slow both in reading (6.3 sec/letter) and writing (8.8 sec/letter). The rate of correct response was 81.5% (53 out of 65 letters) both in reading and writing. The patient's performances were beyond mean-2SD of those of six age-, sex-, and education-matched controls who correctly read 64.7 out of 65 and wrote 62.5 out of 65 letters with a much shorter reaction time (1.3 sec/letter for reading and 4.0 sec/letter for writing). These findings support the notion that ideogram and phonogram can be mediated in different brain regions and Hanja alexia with agraphia in Korean patients can be associated with a left posterior inferior temporal lesion.

Ability of Chinese Characters Reading in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To analyze the ability of Chinese characters reading and characteristics of alexia among patients with mild, moderate and severe Alzheimer's Disease(AD). Methods: Chinese characters reading test was performed in 20 normal controls(average MMSE total score is 27.7), 20 mild AD(average MMSE is 21.2),20 moderate AD(average MMSE is 15.2) and 20 severe AD(average MMSE is 6.9). Chinese characters reading test consists of 22 mark-symbol characters, 17 phonetic symbol characters and 17 meaning-symbol characters. Results: No significant difference were found in scores of Chinese characters reading test among normal controls, patients with mild, moderate AD group. Compared with moderate AD, severe AD showed manifest decline for scores of phonetic symbol characters and meaning-symbol characters reading. There wasn't significant different visual paralexia among 4 groups. Surface alexia occurred at early stage of AD and advanced at late stage of AD. These wrong reading were seen frequently in meaning-symbol characters. Deep alexia occurred only at late stage of AD. Compound words phanomenon is the major class of deep alexia. Conclusion: Ability of Chinese characters reading was helpful to estimate premorbid intelligence of the patients with dementia. There are different classes of alexia between Chinese and western languages.

Preliminary study on the mechanism of reading recovery in a pure alexia by using functional MRI / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of the brain function during reading recovery by using functional MRI (fMRI),and to provide the experimental data in elucidating the mechanism on the recovery of reading and language function.Methods fMRI was performed in a native Chinese patient with pure alexia on the 45 th and 130 th day after the onset,respectively.Three kinds of Chinese characters were presented during the scan and the patient was asked to make the judgement weather he could recognize the characters or not.The brain activation maps were acquired after postprocessing,and the activated location and volume were compared between the first and second experiments.Results In both experiments,Broca area,Wernicke area,and the right extrastriate were significantly activated,while the left extrastriate around the lesion was markedly activated only in the second experiment,and the volume of activation in the right extrastriate in the second experiment was about 3 times as large as that in the first experiment.Conclusion The left extrastriate cortex is one of the key areas responsible for reading function in the brain.The recovery of reading function can be compensated in contralateral corresponding cortical area,or it can be the result of reorganization in ipsilateral peri-lesion cortex.Both mechanisms may simultaneously play important roles in reading recovery.