Efficacy Observation of Addition and Subtraction Therapy of Xuanshen Ganju Tang Combined with Sanniutang to Post-infection Cough with Lung Injury Caused by Dryness and Heat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of addition and subtraction therapy of Xuanshen Ganju Tang combined with Sanniutang to post infection cough (PIC) with lung injury caused by dryness and heat, and investigate its effects on allergic inflammation and neurogenic inflammatory mediators.Method: One hundred and eighty eligible patients with PIC were randomly divided into control group (58 cases) and observation group (122 cases) according to the visiting sequence. Patients in control group got compound methoxyphenamine capsules, 2 capsules/time and tid. Patients in observation group got addition and subtraction therapy of Xuanshen Ganju Tang,combined with Sanniutang, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 7 days in both groups. Symptom scores for cough (day and night), visual analogue scale of coughing (VAS) and scores for lung injury caused by dryness and heat injury were graded. Time to relieve a cough, time to relieve symptoms, time to vanish cough, and cough recurrence were recorded. Life quality was evaluated by cough-specific quality of life questionnaire (CQLQ), and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and substance P in sputum neurogenic inflammatory mediators (SP), neuropeptide A (NKA) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were detected.Result: Ridit analysis showed that the clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (PPPPα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, SP, NKA and CGRP in observation group were all lower than those in control group (PConclusion: Addition and subtraction therapy of Xuanshen Ganju Tang combined with Sanniutang can control systems of cough, shorten coughing course, reduce recurrence rate, improve patients' life of quality, and can inhibit allergic inflammation and neurogenic inflammatory mediators in the treatment of PIC with symptom of lung injury caused by dryness and heat, with a better clinical efficacy than pure compound methoxyphenamine capsules.

Curcumin Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation of Young Mice through Inhibiting the Activation of p38 MAPK and AKT / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the effects of dietary curcumin on the prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflamma?tion in young mice for simulating the allergic airway inflammation of 3-12 years old children.[Methods]The 4 weeks young female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): Control group, Model group and curcumin group (800 mg curcumin/ kg diet). 24 h after the last OVA challenge, the symptoms of mice in each group were observed, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalve?olar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, various kinds of blood cells were detected, the inflammatory cells around the peribronchial ar?eas stained by H&E and the goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs stained by PAS were analyzed. Additionally, the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the BALF and the total IgE level in the plasma were detected by ELISA, and the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT was measured by western blot.[Results]The mice of model group showed the symptoms of allergic airway inflammation, such as repeatedly scratched the noses, showed nodding breath, notably, the weight of model mice was decreased significantly during the OVA challenge phase, while the symptoms mentioned above were alleviated in curcurmin group. The blood cells test found that the curcumin could in?hibit the elevation of the eosinophils significantly (P<0.05). Dietary curcumin treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory cells in the BALF and peribronchial areas, and the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels in the BALF were significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The goblet cell hyperplasia was attenuated by curcumin treatment, and the dietary curcumin inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT sig?naling.[Conclusions]Dietary curcumin can alleviate the allergic airway inflammation of young mice, which may through inhibiting the transduction of p-38 MAPK and AKT signaling.

Maternal Disononyl Phthalate Exposure Activates Allergic Airway Inflammation via Stimulating the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt Pathway in Rat Pups / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) exposure during gestation and lacta- tion on allergic response in pups and to explore the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway on it.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female Wistar rats were treated with DINP at different dosages (0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg of body weight per day). The pups were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). The airway response was assessed; the airway histological studies were performed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; and the relative cytokines in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in DINP's effect on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) between male pups and female pups. In the 50 mg/(kg·d) DINP-treated group, airway response to OVA significantly increased and pups showed dramatically enhanced pulmonary resistance (RI) compared with those from controls (P<0.05). Enhanced Akt phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation, and Th2 cytokines expression were observed in pups of 50 mg/(kg·d) DINP-treated group. However, in the 5 and 500 mg/(kg·d) DINP-treated pups, no significant effects were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was an adjuvant effect of DINP on allergic airway inflammation in pups. Maternal DINP exposure could promote OVA-induced allergic airway response in pups in part by upregulation of PI3K/Akt pathway.</p>

TRIF Deficiency does not Affect Severity of Ovalbumin-induced Airway Inflammation in Mice

Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness and eosinophils infiltration. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling are closely associated with asthma and have emerged as a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. The functions of TLR3 and TLR4 in allergic airway inflammation have been studied; however, the precise role of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), the adaptor molecule for both TLR3 and TLR4, is not yet fully understood. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and compared the severity of allergic airway inflammation in WT and TRIF-/- mice. Histopathological assessment revealed that the severity of inflammation in airway inflammation in TRIF-deficient mice was comparable to that in WT mice. The total number of cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ between WT and TRIF-deficient mice. Moreover, TRIF deficiency did not affect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in lung tissue nor the level of serum OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2c. These findings suggest that TRIF-mediated signaling may not be critical for the development of allergic airway inflammation.

A 24 kDa Excretory-Secretory Protein of Anisakis simplex Larvae Could Elicit Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice

We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and IgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-alpha (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.

Study on the therapeutical effect of chitosan nano-particles used as a Bla g 7 polypeptide antigen in the sensitized mice / 中国人兽共患病学报

To investigate the therapeutical effect of the chitosan (CS) nana-paritclessingle administration of Bla g 7 polypeptide - CS nanoparticles used as a BLa g7 polypeptide antigen in the sensitized mice and to explore its immune mechanism, the polypeptide Bla g 7 was enclosed into CS to develop the Bla g 7 polypeptide entrapped CS nano-particles. In the present experiment, 25 BALB/c mice were divided randomly into the Bla g 7 polypeptide treated group(group A , n= 5) , Bla g 7 polypeptide plus CS treated group(group B , n= 5) , CS=control group (group C , n= 5),model group (group D , n= 5) and negative control group (group E, n= 5), After sensitization by intraperitoneal route and challenged by intranasal instillation with crude extracts of German cockroach , the inflammatory changes in the mouse lung tissues were observed after the lung tissues were fixed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin(H&E). The total cell number and the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected; and the changes of the mouse airway hyper-reactivity were determined by the whole body plethysmograohy pre-and post-treatments. In these ways, the Bla g7 peptide CS nano-particel vaccine was successfully developed. It was found that the pathological changes in mouse lungs in group D were not so prominent in comparison with those of group A of mice sensitized with crude extract of German cockroach. in which the development of eosinophil infiltration in the airway of mice in D group could be demonstrated. The lung inflammatory reactions and the mucus secretion in lungs of D group were significantly alleviated than those of the B group. but there was no therapeutical effect for the mice fed with the isodoses of Bla g 7 polypeptide or CS. It was also shown that the airway hyper-reactivity of mice was depressed after treatment (P<0.05). It is evident that CS nano-particles show definite therapeutical effect and may serve as a powerful vehicle to improve the tolerance effect of the Bla g 7 polypeptide-CS nanoparticle vaccine, and a single administration of Bla g 7 polypeptide-CS nanoparticle vaccine may hold promise as a new strategy to desensitize the Bla g 7 sensitized disease.

Immunotherapy with Recombinant House Dust Mite Group 2 Allergen Vaccine Inhibits Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of subcutaneously given recombinant Der p 2 entrapped PLGA nanoparticles(DEPN) on mouse model with allergic airway inflammation.Methods 40 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups,group A(normal control) were treated with saline(100 ?l) all the time,groups B,C,D and E were sensitized intraperitoneally with crude dust mite extracts(10 ?g) and then subcutaneously treated respectively with PBS(100 ?l),2 mg empty PLGA(EP),100 ?g rDer p 2,and 2 mg DEPN(loaded with 100 ?g rDer p 2) for 3 times,once per day,followed by intranasal challenge of 50 ?g rDer p 2.One day post challenge,mice were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was collected.Number of the total cells and eosinophils was determined,and airway inflammation and mucus secretion were analyzed by haematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining.Level of cytokines in the supernatant of splenocyte culture was assayed by ELISA.Level of rDer p 2 specific IgG2a and IgE in the sera was determined by ELISA.Results The lung histology showed development of eosinophil infiltration in the airway of mice in groups B and C.The lung inflammation and mucus secretion in groups D and E were significantly alleviated than that of groups B and C.Number of total cells(63.50?5.12) andeosinophils(15.32?3.04) in BALF decreased in group B.Compared with group B,the number of total cells in groups D(55.3?5.20) ? 104 /ml and E(41.00?4.91) ?104 /ml greatly decreased(P