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The present study was carried out on the phytochemical composition and biochemical studies oftheleafextract ofBrillantaisia guinensis peuvon alloxan treated Wistar albinorats.The experimental rats were administered with 80mg/kgbodyweight of alloxan,viathetailvein.After five days treatment with alloxan, thetreatment with the extractscommenced. Extracts wereadministeredorallyat100,200and 300mg/kg bw(both tonormal andtreated rats) for twenty-one days.Metformin,which served as a standard drug was administered at50mg/kg. Chromatographicanalysisof thephytochemical content of the leaf extract, revealed the presence of flavonoids (30.7mg/100g), saponins(50.6mg/100g), phytosterol (6.22mg/100g), tannins (7.50mg/100g) and glycosides(29.3mg/100g). Comparedtotest and normalcontrol,the extractsdose-dependentlyand significantlylowered(P<0.05) plasmaglucose and triglycerides, during the experimental period. Thisstudy revealedthe presence of pharma cologically bioactive compounds inthelea fextract and showed that the leaf extract had a dose-dependent hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic effect on the Wistaralbino rats. The findings suggest a likely protective role of the extracts against hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia thereby useful in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, obesity and other related cardiovascular diseases.
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Background: Study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Murraya koenigii, a traditional medicinal plant (Curry leaf) in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetes rabbits. Methods: Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of M. koenigii in 100, 200 300 mg/k doses was determined by estimating blood glucose before and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 72 hours post treatment intervals in treated rabbits. Results: Aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii showed a dose dependent antidiabetic activity with maximum effect established at 300 mg/kg. The extract also exhibited a significant (p<0.05) dosedependent hypoglycemic effect on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Conclusion: Murraya koenigii causes a reduction in blood glucose. This hypoglycemic property supports-its usein folkloric medicine as an antidiabetic agent and thus suggests a place for it in nutritional therapy in the management of diabetes mellitus and thus as an oral hypoglycaemic agent.
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Aims: The present study was aimed at investigating the antidiabetic potentials of Combretum dolichopetalum root in alloxan-induced animals with the hope of isolating its antidiabetic principles. Study Design: Sixty four Wistar albino rats of either sexes were randomly segregated into 16 groups (n=4). Also, thirty two albino mice were segregated into 8 groups. These received various doses of the plant sample, vehicle or glibenclamide for the antidiabetic study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in the laboratory of the Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka between March and October, 2013. Methodology: The root of C. dolichopetalum was extracted with methanol (ME) and fractionated successively with various solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, methanol and water) to afford the respective fractions: HF, CF, EF, MF and AF. CF was further fractionated to afford six sub-fractions: C1-C6. Acute toxicity study was done using ME. Antidiabetic activity of various doses (p.o.) of ME (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight), its fractions (200 and 400 mg/kg) and sub-fractions (200 mg/kg), glibenclamide (0.2 mg/kg) and vehicle (control) were investigated in alloxan-induced (i.p.) diabetic animals for 9 h. Phytochemical analysis was also carried on ME and fractions. Results: The extract was considered safe with LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. ME (400 mg/kg), CF (400 mg/kg) and C3 (200 mg/kg) produced maximum reduction (36.78%, 72.43% and 83.17% respectively) in fasting blood glucose of animals after 9 h which were significantly (P < .01, P < .001) different from the control and better than glibenclamide (48.18%). Phytochemical analysis showed alkaloids, flavonoids, terpens and steroids as the likely antidiabetic agent(s). Conclusion: The root of C. dolichopetalum possesses potent antidiabetic activity which increases as the extract is purified. The antidiabetic effect of the plant may likely be due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpens or steroids.
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Objective: To investigate the ameliorative role of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taub (T. tetraptera) leaf in hyperglycemia with associated conditions like oxidative stress, kidney damage and disorders in lipid metabolism. Methods:Five groups of five rats each intraperitoneally received the following treatment schedules for 7 d: untreated normal control, untreated alloxan-diabetic control, diabetic treated with glibenclamide, normal rats treated with extract (50 mg/kg) and diabetic rats treated with the extract. Evaluations were made for fasting blood sugar, body weight changes, malondialdehyde, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid profile, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, urea and creatinine in all the rats. Results:Whereas the untreated diabetic rats showed a significant decrease (P Conclusions:Methanolic extract of T. tetraptera leaves possesses a potent capacity for treatment of diabetes and the accompanying complications, including oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the ameliorative role of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taub (T. tetraptera) leaf in hyperglycemia with associated conditions like oxidative stress, kidney damage and disorders in lipid metabolism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five groups of five rats each intraperitoneally received the following treatment schedules for 7 d: untreated normal control, untreated alloxan-diabetic control, diabetic treated with glibenclamide, normal rats treated with extract (50 mg/kg) and diabetic rats treated with the extract. Evaluations were made for fasting blood sugar, body weight changes, malondialdehyde, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid profile, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, urea and creatinine in all the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Whereas the untreated diabetic rats showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in packed cell volume, superoxide dismutase, catalase and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol with a concomitant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, fasting blood sugar, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, urea and creatinine, administration of methanolic extract of T. tetraptera leaf or glibenclamide alleviated these altered parameters in the treated rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Methanolic extract of T. tetraptera leaves possesses a potent capacity for treatment of diabetes and the accompanying complications, including oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia.</p>
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Background: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia resulting from defects of reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization and increase in glucose production. It is estimated that there are currently 285 million people worldwide and this number is set to increase to 438 million by the year 2030. India has the highest number of patients with known diabetes worldwide, with a prevalence of 11.6%. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti diabetic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of plant Ocimum sanctum in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Methods: The study was conducted on 4 groups of 6 rats each to evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug and the results were compared in reference to it. Tween 80 was given for both normal and diabetic control groups. The fasting blood sugar levels were recorded on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th days by glucometer. Results: The results indicate that the test compound ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum has significant and sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity, comparable with the hypoglycaemic effect of glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea. Conclusion: The hypoglycaemic potential of the test compound is found to be comparable with that of the standard drug glibenclamide.
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To investigate the antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, and antioxidant potentials of the combined aqueous extracts of Morinda lucida and Saccharum officinarum leaves. Study Design: Thirty alloxan-induced diabetic male rats were randomly and evenly distributed into six groups, and were subsequently exposed to the following treatments for twenty-one days: Group I (Control): Normal saline; Group II: Untreated Diabetic control; Group III: Diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (600mg/Kg. b.w); Group IV: Diabetic rats treated with Morinda lucida (400mg/Kg b.w); Group V: Diabetic rats treated with Saccharum officinarum (400mg/Kg b.w); Group VI: Diabetic group treated with Morinda lucida and Saccharum officinarum (400mg/Kg b.w, 1:1). Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria between November 2012 and February 2013. Methodology: Blood samples were collected for the determination of fasting blood sugar and biochemical profiles following the last oral treatment and an overnight fast. The pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues of each animal were excised and subjected to tests for oxidative stress markers. Result: There was a significant reduction (P< 0.001) in the fasting blood glucose of diabetic rats treated with the plant extracts, both separately and the extract mixture when compared to the untreated diabetic group. Diabetic treated groups showed a significant decrease (P<0.001) in the levels of Total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol when compared to the diabetic untreated group. Levels of reduced glutathione and Catalase activities in the pancreas and liver of diabetic treated groups were significantly increased compared to the untreated diabetic control (P<0.001). Activities of Super-Oxide Dismutase were significantly increased (P<0.001) in the pancreas and kidney of rats treated with the plant extracts while Malondialdehyde showed a significant reduction in the treated groups of all organs evaluated (P<0.001). Conclusion: The extracts showed anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic and antioxidant potentials.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) on plasma glucose level, total cholesterol level, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in male albino rats. Study Design: Experimental method was adopted. Place and Duration of Study: Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria and University of Ibadan, Nigeria between September 2012 and January, 2013. Methodology: Twenty-four male albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing between 160 and 200 g were used for this study. These were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 8 animals per group as normal control, diabetic control and diabetic treated with extract of Moringa oleifera. Diabetes was induced by 100 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate. The control and the diabetic groups received distilled water while the diabetic treated group was administered 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, plasma glucose level, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) were determined in all the experimental animals after 12 hours fast. Results: The result showed significant increases (P<0.05) in plasma cholesterol, TG and LDL level of the diabetic control group when compared with the normal control group while there were no significant differences in the Moringa oleifera -treated diabetic group and the normal control group. The HDL however was not different in all the three groups. Conclusion: Oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera may reduce the plasma lipid imbalances associated with diabetes mellitus.
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The present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic activity of roots of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of steroids, flavonoids and alkaloids in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by observing blood glucose levels and analyzing the serum biochemical parameters after dosing the ethyl acetate extract. Blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on 5, 10 and 15 days of treatment to determine blood glucose levels. On day 16, blood samples were collected to estimate the biochemical parameters. In diabetic rats, both the doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of ethyl acetate extract were found to be significant (P<0.05) when compared with control and favourable changes in biochemical parameters were also observed. It can be concluded from the study that the ethyl acetate extract of roots of C. trifolia possess potent antidiabetic activity.
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Aim/Background: The present study was planned to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ‘Folk recipe’ a combination of traditional medicinal plants in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetes rabbits. The level of antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH in relation to the total phenolic contents. Methods: Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Folk Recipe (AFR) in 100-300 mg/kg, b.w. doses was determined by estimating blood glucose and serum insulin levels before and 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hour post-treatment(s) intervals in treated rabbits. Total phenolic contents and DPPH-antioxidant activity of AFR were measured in vitro. Results: AFR showed a dose dependent antidiabetic activity; maximum effect was established with 300 mg/kg, b.w. dose. The extract exerted a high significant (P<0.001) hypoglycemic effect in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. Extract showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in insulin levels and protected completely against alloxan-induced histopathological changes in pancreatic beta-cells of diabetic rabbits. A high antioxidant activity of AFR (5-10 μg/mL) was observed in comparison with L-ascorbic acid (5-10 μg/mL). The doses used did not show any sign of acute toxicity or resulted in any behavioral change. Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that the Folk recipe causes a reduction in blood glucose and increasing serum insulin levels may combat due to antioxidant activity by protecting beta-cells. Evaluation agreed with the potential use of Folk recipe as a traditional anti-diabetic tool.
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Objective: To screen the Polyherbal preparation for anti-diabetic activity in rats. Materials and Methods: The blood glucose lowering activity of the Polyherbal preparation-I (1:1:1 of Wheat germ oil, Coriandrum sativum and Aloe vera) was studied in normal rats after oral administration at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 ml/kg and Polyherbal preparation-I, II (Wheat germ oil, fresh juice of C. sativum and Aloe vera in the ratio of 2:2:1), and III (Wheat germ oil, fresh juice of C. sativum and Aloe vera in the ratio of 1:2:2) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats, after oral administration at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 ml/kg. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein method at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h in normal rats and in diabetic rats at 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, and 30 days. Blood plasma glucose was estimated by the GOD/POD (glucose oxidase and peroxidase) method. The data was compared statistically using the one-way ANOVA method followed by the Dunnett multiple component test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The Polyherbal preparation-I produced significant (P<0.05) reduction in the blood glucose level of normal rats and Polyherbal preparation-I, II, and III produced significant (P<0.01) reduction in the blood glucose level of diabetic rats during 30 days study and compared with that of control and Glibenclamide. Conclusion: The Polyherbal preparation-I showed a significant glucose lowering effect in normal rats and Polyherbal preparation-I, II, and III in diabetic rats. This preparation is going to be promising anti-diabetic preparation for masses; however, it requires further extensive studies in human beings.
Subject(s)
Alloxan/administration & dosage , Alloxan/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Blood Glucose/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Disease Models, Animal , Plant Preparations , RatsABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the hypoglycemic effects of Cortex Lycii Radicis (CLR) on alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:The alloxan induced diabetic mice were given drug decoction of CLR[2.5g/(kg?d) -1 , or 5.0g/(kg?d) -1 )] for successive 2 weeks, The blood sugar level was determined with GOD method.Results:There were remarkedly differences in the levels of blood sugar between before and after treatment of various groups. ( P