In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Boswellia serrata and Aloe barbadensis extracts on Pheretima posthuma: Indian earthworm

Background: The development of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the current study, in- vitro experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the resins of Boswellia serrata and leaves of Aloe barbadensis on adult Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma).Methods: Various concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg/ml) of each extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time for death of worms. The activities are well compared with the standard drug Albendazole as a positive control and saline water as negative control.Results: Anthelmintic activity was observed as dose dependent manner. It was found that alcoholic  extract exhibited maximum anthelmintic activity at concentration 100 and 150 mg/ml compared to standard drug Albendazole (10mg/ml) while aqueous extract show modest significant activity at concentration 150 mg/ml against worm Pheretima posthuma. All results was statistically analysed by using ‘Dunnett’s test’ one- way ANOVA; the p<0.001 were significant when compared with control and standard group.Conclusions: The present study proves the potential of combination of B. serrata and A. barbadensis as an anthelmintic drugs. Further studies are necessary to isolate and reveal the active compounds and to establish the mechanism of action.

Enzymatic glycosylation of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin / 中国中药杂志

The glycosides of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) possess various pharmacological activities; however, the chemical synthesis of these glycosides faces challenges in regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and the protection and de-protection of functional groups. In this work, a novel glycosyltransferase (GT) gene AbGT5 from Aloe barbadensis was successfully cloned, heterogeneously expressed and purified. Recombinant AbGT5 was able to catalyze the glycosylation of DMEP and the glycosylated product, which was separated from the preparative scale reaction, was characterized as DMEP 4'-O-β-D-glucoside via MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC and HMBC. According to the investigations of enzyme properties, AbGT5 show the highest activity around 20 ℃ in the buffer of pH 9.0, and it was independent of divalent metal ions. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion rate of DMEP can reach 80%. Above all, in this work the enzymatic glycosylation of DMEP was achieved with high efficiency by the novel GT AbGT5.

Comparative study on the content of polysaccharide in Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe ;vera L. Var. Chinensis (Haw.) Berger / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To determine the content of polysaccharide in Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger. Methods Carubinose was used as reference substance, measured and compared polysaccharide content with the method of UV spectrophotometry at 610 nm absorbance of growth years for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger. Results The mannose and the absorbance was linear (r=0.998 5) in the range of 0.05 - 0.60 g/L, and the content of Aloe barbadensis Miller polysaccharide in the measured growth period was respectively 1.201, 1.485, 1.665, 2.355 and 5.040 mg/g. The content of polysaccharide in Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger was 0.780, 0.900, 1.035, 1.650 and 2.355 mg/g. Conclusions The content of polysaccharide in Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger differed in growth years, which increased with aging and polysaccharide content in the same age of Aloe barbadensis Miller was significantly higher than that of the Aloe vera L. Var. Chinensis(Haw.)Berger.

Effect of dietary supplementation with propolis and Aloe barbadensis extracts on hematological parameters and parasitism in Nile tilapia / Efeito da suplementação dietária com extratos de própolis e Aloe barbadensis sobre parâmetros hematológicos e parasitismo em tilápia do Nilo

This study evaluated the influence of diet supplementation with propolis and Aloe barbadensis on hematological parameters and parasitism in tilapia. One hundred and eighty fish were distributed among 12 water tanks forming four treatments: fish supplemented with a 1:1 mixture of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% propolis and aloe extracts. After the fish had been fed on the experimental diets for 15 and 21 days, blood samples were taken and parasites collected. The monogeneans Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, C. halli, C. thurstonae and Scutogyrus longicornis were identified in the gills. Between the sampling times, there were increases in the numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes, as observed after 21 days, possibly due to the stress level over the course of the assay and/or accumulation of substances in the organism. Supplementation with the mixture of propolis and aloe for 15 days showed the highest efficacy against the parasites. This was possibly due to the association between the two compounds. The results demonstrated that supplementation with mixtures of extracts did not produce hematological alterations and also favored a significant reduction in the number of gill parasites. The best results were achieved after 15 days of feeding with a diet with 0.5% and 1% supplementation with the extract mixture, which increased efficiency by 83 and 85% respectively.

Este estudo avaliou a influência da alimentação de tilápias com dieta suplementada com extratos de própolis e Aloe barbadensis sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e parasitismo. Setenta e dois peixes foram distribuídos em 12 tanques, formando 4 tratamentos: peixes suplementados na dieta com extrato de própolis e aloe (0%, 0,5%, 1% e 2%). Após 15 e 21 dias de alimentação com dietas experimentais foram realizadas coletas de sangue e parasitos. Os monogeneas Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, C. halli, C. thurstonae e Scutogyrus longicornis foram identificados nas brânquias. Entre os períodos de coleta, observou-se aumento nos valores de eritrócitos, leucócitos, trombócitos e linfócitos, após 21 dias de alimentação, o que pode significar estresse ao longo do período experimental e/ou acúmulo dos produtos no organismo.A suplementação com a mistura de própolis e aloe, por 15 dias, apresentou melhor eficácia frente parasitos, possivelmente, devido à associação dos compostos. Os resultados demonstram que a suplementação com a mistura dos extratos não alterou os parâmetros hematológicos, além de favorecer redução significativa no número de parasitos branquiais. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos em 15 dias de alimentação com a dieta suplementada com 0,5% e 1% da mistura dos extratos, respectivamente por 83% e 85% de eficiência.

Rapid Identification of Chemical Composition in Aloe Barbadensis Mill by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Ion Trap-Time-of-Flight / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to rapidly analyze chemical composition in A loe Barbadensis Mill, and to compare the chemical composition of commercial aloe vera medicinal materials with that of fresh aloe yellow exudate. An opti-mized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-ion trap-time-of-flight (LCMS-IT-TOF) method was applied for the analysis of commercial aloe vera medicinal materials and fresh aloe yellow exudates. The Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 í 250 mm, 5 m) was used. The gradient elution was a solvent system of water(A)-methanol(B). ESI source was operated in both positive and negative ion modes. The results showed that chromones, pyrones, naphthalene deriva-tive, anthrones and anthraquinones were separated successfully, 30 compounds were characterized by the comparison of characteristic MS/MS fragment ions data with the literature. The diagnostic fragmentation patterns of different chemical compositions were also discussed on the basis of EST-IT-TOF MS data. It was concluded that the chemical composition of commercial aloe vera medicinal materials were significantly different from that of fresh aloe yellow ex-udate in terms of types and contents: the former one mainly contains isoaloeresin D and aloin, and few aloesin; but the latter is mainly composed of aloesin and aloin, and the content of aloesin is the highest. The LCMS-IT-TOF analysis can be used to rapidly obtain rich structural information of different chemical compositions, which improves the efficiency of qualitative analysis of chemical composition, and is of great significance to the quality control, eval-uation and the utilization of A loe Barbadensis Mill.

Protective effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Aloe barbadensis on gentamicin and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic rats

Objective: To study the protective effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Aloe barbadensis (AEAB) on gentamicin and Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic Wistar rats. Methods: In each model of nephrotoxicity, thirty adult male Wistar rats were evenly divided into 5 groups. Groups I and II served as untreated and model controls, respectively while groups III-V were the treatment groups which were pretreated with 100-200 mg/kg bodyweight per day of AEAB 1 h before each dose of the nephrotoxicants. On the 8th day(in case of gentamicin) and on 6th day(in case of Cisplatin), blood samples for serum urea, total protein and creatinine as well as some ions like sodium, potassium, chloride and uric acid while the rat kidneys for histology were obtained under inhaled diethyl ether anesthesia. Results: In the gentamicin nephrotoxic rats, 100-200 mg/kg bodyweight per day significantly attenuated elevations in the serum creatinine, total protein and blood urea nitrogen levels in dose related fashion and no treatment related effect on uric acid and ions, and attenuated the gentamicin-induced tubulonephrosis. Similar effects were also recorded in the Cisplatin model of acute renal injury. Conclusions:The nephroprotective effect of AEAB could be due to the inherent antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging principle(s) contained in the extract.In the near future, AEAB could constitute a lead to discovery of a novel drug for the treatment of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

Efeito do gel da babosa (Aloe barbadensis Mill. ) associado ao ultrassom em processo inflamatório agudo / Effect of aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill. ) gel combined with ultrasound in the acute inflammatory process

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a ação antiinflamatória do gel da Babosa a 2 por cento (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) associado ao Ultrassom pulsátil no modelo de edema de pata. Foram utilizados 25 ratos Wistar, (200-250 g), divididos em 5 grupos de 5 animais cada. Grupo1 (controle): ratos tratados com solução salina a 0,9 por cento; Grupo 2: ratos tratados topicamente com gel de A. barbadensis Mill. a 2 por cento; Grupo 3: animais tratados com Ultrassom; Grupo 4: ratos tratados com gel de A. barbadensis Mill. a 2 por cento associado ao Ultrassom; Grupo 5 (controle positivo): ratos tratados com Indometacina na dose de 5 mg Kg-1. Os animais dos grupos 1 e 5 receberam os respectivos tratamentos por via intra-peritoneal 30 minutos antes da injeção intra-plantar de carragenina e os grupos 2, 3 e 4 foram tratados por aplicação tópica de gel de A. barbadensis Mill. a 2 por cento, Ultrassom pulsátil e gel de A. barbadensis Mill. associado ao Ultrassom respectivamente 15 minutos após a indução do edema. Os animais do grupo 04 demonstraram redução significativa do edema quando comparados ao grupo controle, ao mesmo tempo, que se mostrou comparável à indometacina. Observou-se que o gel de aloe associado à fonoforose é capaz reduzir a formação do edema de pata em ratos.

This work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of 2 percent aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) gel combined with pulsed ultrasound in the paw edema model. Twenty-five Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Group1 (control): rats treated with 0.9 percent saline; Group 2: rats topically treated with 2 percent aloe gel; Group 3: rats treated with ultrasound; Group 4: rats treated with 2 percent aloe gel combined with ultrasound; Group 5 (positive control): rats treated with indomethacin at 5 mg Kg-1. Animals of groups 1 and 5 were intraperitoneally treated 30 min before intraplantar carrageenan injection and groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated by topical application of 2 percent aloe gel, pulsed ultrasound and aloe gel combined with ultrasound, respectively, 15 min after edema induction. Animals of group 4 had a significant reduction in edema relative to controls and showed to be comparable to indomethacin. Aloe gel combined with phonophoresis is capable of reducing paw edema formation in rats.

Histopathological effects of aloe barbadensis and soybean Oil on rat liver / Efectos histopatológicos de aloe barbadensis y aceite de soya en hígado de rata

Aloe Barbadensis, which is a species of Aloe vera, is a popular plant used by the common people and in alternative medicine. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Aloe Barbadensis and soybean oil on liver. For this study Wistar Albino female rats were taken and divided into 3 equal groups; the first group was the control group wherein no treatment was applied, second group in which the dissolved form of A. barbadensis in the soybean oil was applied (25 mg/day), and the third group which only soybean oil was applied (500 mg/day). Biopsy materials were taken from the lobus dexter of the livers of the rats and analyzed with light microscope after the necessary standard processing of histologic slides. Group I demonstrated normal structural characteristics of rat liver. In Group II and Group III, we observed nuclear enlargement, mild increase in chromatin and hydropic degeneration and binucleation in some hepatocytes. Liver histology demonstrated congestion in portal veins, sinusoids and the central veins. Merely in Group III, portal venous congestion and in Group II sinusoidal congestion was evident parenchyma of the liver. Additionally in Group III liver histology demonstrated plasmocyte infiltration in portal areas. Our study showed that using soybean with Aloe Barbadensis is synergystic and increasing each others effects. However we didn't observe mononeuclear infiltrations in Group II, these show antinflammatory effects of Aloe Barbadensis. It is determined that, depending on the used dose of Aloe Barbadensis, the toxic effect can change. If Aloe Barbadensis used very high doses it can have toxic effect on hepatocytes.

Aloe Barbadensis, una especie de Aloe vera, es una planta popular usada por el común de las personas y también en la medicina alternativa. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos del Aloe Barbadensis y aceite de soya en el hígado. Para el estudio se emplearon ratas Wistar hembras Albino y se dividieron en 3 grupos: grupo control I sin tratamiento; grupo II A. barbadensis disuelta en aceite de soja (25 mg / día), y grupo III tratado sólo con aceite de soja (500 mg / día). Fueron extraídas biopsias del lóbulo derecho del hígado de las ratas y luego se analizaron con microscopio de luz. En el grupo I el hígado de las ratas era normal. En los grupos II y III, se observó aumento del tamaño nuclear, leve aumento de la cromatina y degeneración hidrópica y binucleación en algunos hepatocitos. La histología hepática mostró la congestión en las venas porta, sinusoides y las centrales. En el grupo III, la congestión venosa portal y en el Grupo II la congestión sinusoidal fue evidente. Además, el Grupo III reveló infiltración de plasmocitos en áreas portales. El uso de soja con Aloe Barbadensis es sinergista y aumenta cada uno de otros efectos. Infiltraciones mononucleares en el grupo III determinan la reacción inflamatoria. Sin embargo, no observamos infiltración mononuclear en el Grupo II, éste mostró efectos antiinflamatorios de la Aloe Barbadensis. Esto determina que, dependiendo de la dosis usada de Aloe Barbadensis, los efectos tóxicos pueden cambiar. Si es usado en altas dosis Aloe Barbadensis puede producir efectos tóxicos en los hepatocitos.

Design and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablets of glimepiride based on combination of natural and synthetic polymers.

The present research work was aimed to develop matrix tablets of Glimepiride with Aloe barbadensis miller leaves mucilage and Povidone and to study its functionality as a matrix forming agent for sustained release tablet formulations. Physicochemical properties of dried powdered mucilage of Aloe barbadensis miller mucilage and Povidone tablet blend were studied. Various formulations of Glimepiride Aloe barbadensis miller mucilage and Povidone were prepared. They found to have better satisfactory physicochemical properties with low SD values. The swelling behavior and release rate characteristics were studied. The dissolution study proved that the dried Aloe barbadensis miller mucilage and Povidone combination can be used as a matrix forming material for making Sustained release matrix tablets.

Toxicological effects of quinalphos and its subsequent reversal by using root extract of withania somnifera and leaf pulp of aloe barbadensis.

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Withania somnifera and Aloe barbadensis in pesticide-induced toxicity. Quinalphos (QP) at a dose of 14mg/kg body weight in male wistar rats for 15 days produced a reversible type of liver and kidney necrosis characterized by altered levels of various biochemical enzymes and endogenous antioxidants. Treatment with W. somnifera and A. barbadensis extracts resulted in a significant protective effect in QP-intoxicated hepatic and renal damage, as evidenced by diminished levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, ACP, LDH, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and creatinine, and enhanced levels of total protein and albumin which were affected by quinalphos intoxication. Elevated levels of malondial-dehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney also significantly declined after the treatment with the extracts. Further, the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity also returned to normal. This clearly indicates that the ethanolic extract of W. somnifera and aqueous extract of Aloe barbadensis can afford protection from QP-induced toxicity.

Microscopic examination of placenta of rats prenatally exposed to Aloe barbadensis: a preliminary study / Examen microscópico de la placenta de ratas prenatalmente expuestas a Aloe barbadensis: estudio preliminar

Aloe barbadensis is the most widely used both commercially and therapeutic properties. It has been used for an array of ailments since ancient times as a medicinal plant. There are more than 360 different species of Aloe. Its products have been used in health foods for medical and preservative purposes. The objective of this study was to search the effects of Aloe barbadensis on the rat's placenta. Gel form of Aloe barbadensis is used in the study. It is commercial, preserved but otherwise untreated form of Aloe Barbadensis gel capsul. Female Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups. Placenta specimens from each groups were processed for the microscopic examination. Trophoblastic giant cells and spongiotrophoblasts were decreased in number after Aloe barbadensis: trophoblastic giant cells which showed degenerative changes. The nuclei of these giant cells were going degeneration characterized by pyknosis and bizarrely shaped. Extracellular matrix production around the cells was increased, thicker and more irregular basal membrane like formation around the cells. Decreased and ab normal vessel formation in labyrinth área was clear and reduced functional capacity of the trophoblastic barier. The study shows that, in the presence of Aloe barbadensis, relevant alterations associated with a possible compensatory adjustment to maintain adequate metabolic exchange take place in the structure of placenta. Our results also demonstrated that the exposure to Aloe barbadensis during pregnancy not led to fetal growth retardation, fetal death, abortion or teratogenic effect.

Aloe barbadensis es ampliamente utilizada comercialmente, debido a sus propiedades terapéuticas. Desde la antigüedad, se ha utilizado como planta medicinal para combatir una variedad de enfermedades. Hay más de 360 especies diferentes de Aloe. Sus productos han sido utilizados en los alimentos saludables para propósitos médicos y preventivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar los efectos del Aloe barbadensis en la placenta de la rata. Se utilizó gel de Aloe barbadensis en el estudio. Su presentación comercial, cápsulas de gel de Aloe barbadensis de uso preventivo, no de tratamiento. Ratas Wistar albinas hembras se dividieron en tres grupos. Las placentas de cada uno de los especímenes de los grupos fueron procesadas para el examen microscópico. Las células gigantes trofoblásticas y los espongioblastos disminuyeron de número después de ser expuestas aAloe barbadensis; las células trofoblásticas gigantes mostraron cambios degenerativos. Los núcleos de estas células gigantes se caracterizaron por la degeneración, mostrando picnosis y forma extraña. La producción de matriz extracelular alrededor de las células se incrementó, hubo engrosamiento y formación de una membrana basal más irregular alrededor de las células. La disminución y formación de vasos anormales en la zona del laberinto eran evidentes y además hubo reducción de la capacidad funcional de la barrera trofoblástica. El estudio mostró que, en presencia de Aloe barbadensis, las alteraciones asociadas con un posible ajuste compensatorio paraman tener un nivel adecuado de intercambio metabólico, tienen lugar en la estructura de la placenta. Nuestros resultados también demostraron que la exposición al Aloe barbadensis durante el embarazo no produjo retraso del crecimiento fetal, muerte fetal, aborto ni efecto teratogénico.