ABSTRACT
Resumo Esta pesquisa objetivou sistematizar as variáveis descritivas citadas na literatura analítico-comportamental sobre o altruísmo. Foram realizadas buscas em bases de dados e periódicos brasileiros especializados em Análise do Comportamento. Descritores relacionados à Análise do Comportamento foram combinados com as palavras altruísmo e altruísta, resultando em 19 artigos. As análises indicaram que o altruísmo foi abordado como uma classe de comportamentos com topografias variadas, desde simpáticas até agressivas, que ocorre sob o controle antecedente de regras e autorregras, e de operações estabelecedoras, como a empatia. Como consequências que podem manter o comportamento altruísta, foram identificadas consequências imediatas (produção de reforçadores positivos, remoção de eventos aversivos), e também consequências reforçadoras positivas atrasadas, que caracterizariam o altruísmo como um padrão comportamental molar e autocontrolado.
Abstract This research aimed to systematize the descriptive variables cited in the behavior-analytic literature about altruism. Searches were performed in databases and Brazilian journals specialized in Behavior Analysis. Descriptors related to Behavior Analysis were combined with the words altruism and altruistic, resulting in 19 articles. The analyses indicated that altruism was approached as a class of behaviors with varied topographies, from sympathetic to aggressive ones, occurring under the antecedent control of rules and self-rules, and of establishing operations such as empathy. As consequences that can maintain altruistic behavior, immediate consequences were identified (production of positive reinforcers, removal of aversive events), and also delayed positive reinforcing consequences, which would characterize altruism as a molar and self-controlled behavioral pattern.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Uma variedade de comportamentos altruístas diferenciados tem sido evidenciada na infância. O presente artigo objetivou sistematizar estudos empíricos produzidos nos anos de 2010 a 2015 sobre o altruísmo infantil. Após a elaboração e aplicação de um protocolo sistematizado de seleção, foram encontrados 14 artigos, os quais foram analisados na íntegra. Os estudos contemplaram o altruísmo infantil (1 a 11 anos de idade) em associação a diferentes variáveis, tais como avaliação moral, custos de resposta, renda familiar, distância social, capacidade de abster-se de prêmios imediatos, eventos adversos, representações de apego, dominância social, composição genética, entre outras. Concluiu-se que crianças ainda muito jovens em contextos variados demonstram altruísmo por meio de ações topograficamente diversas à medida que encontram oportunidades para isso.
Abstract A variety of altruistic behaviors differentiated has been evidenced in childhood. This article aimed to systematize empirical studies produced in the years 2010 to 2015 about child altruism. After the elaboration and application of a systematic selection protocol, were found 14 articles were fully analyzed. The studies have examined the child altruism (1 to 11 years old) in association with different variables such as moral evaluation, response costs, family income, social distance, ability to abnegate immediate awards, adverse events, representations of attachment, social dominance, genetic composition, among others. It was concluded that children still very young and in different contexts demonstrate altruism through different topographic actions if they find opportunities for this.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the mediating effects of college students＇ online social support on the relationship between online self-disclosure and internet altruistic behavior.Methods Using cluster random sampling,the self-disclosure questionnaire for Chinese undergraduates with their internet friend,the online social support scale of adolescence and the internet altruistic behavior scale of undergraduates were applied to 351 college students.Results The score of college students＇ online self-disclosure,online social support and internet altruistic behavior were respectively(2.22±0.45),(2.93±0.59) and (2.04±0.46).The college students＇ online self-disclosure,online social support and internet altruistic behavior were positively correlated with each other (P＜0.01).College students＇ online self-disclosure not only predicted internet altruistic behavior directly,but also predicted internet altruistic behavior indirectly through online social support.The direct effects and indirect effects were 0.200 and 0.265.The ratio of the mediating effect on the total effect was 57％.The fit index of mediation model was x2/df=2.87,RMSEA =0.07,CFI =0.94,TLI =0.93,GFI=0.92,IFI=0.94,NFI=0.91.Conclusion The college students＇ online self-disclosure not only affects the interuet altruistic behavior directly,but also can take the same effect on online social support indirectly.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability and validity of internet altruistic behavior scale for undergraduates (IABSU) for middle school students.Methods402 middle school students were investigated by IABSU.The reliability was examined by alpha coefficient and split-half coefficient,while the validity was examined by confirmatory factor analysis.Then 375 middle school students were investigated,and cross-validation was examined.ResultsThe alpha coefficient,split-half coefficient and test-retest reliability for IABSU were 0.934,0.887 and 0.838 respectively,the alpha coefficient for the dimensions ranged from 0.757 to 0.886,split-half coefficient from 0.721 to 0.846,test-retest reliability from 0.714 to 0.811.The structure of the scale had been proved by confirmatory factor analysis.The structure of the scale for middle school students was very stability,and the crossvalidation was very good.Criterion-related validity of the scale was good.ConclusionIABSU can apply to middle school students.