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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(1): 369-374, Mar. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-743812

ABSTRACT

Alveolar ridge volume loss is an irreversible process. To prevent this physiological event, which typically result in significant local anatomical changes in both the horizontal and the vertical dimension, some strategies are indicated to minimize the loss of ridge volume that typically follows tooth extraction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if three different bone grafts could promote new bone formation in the alveolar socket following tooth extraction for the alveolar ridge conservation. First mandibular molars of male adults rabbits were extracted and the extraction sockets were randomly treated with three different bone grafts, one xenograft and two alloplastic grafts, and a group that received no treatment (blood clot). The extraction sockets of selected rabbits from each group were evaluated at 4, 6, or 8-week post-extraction. The results indicated that the extraction sockets treated with alloplastic graft (biphasic calcium phosphate) exhibited lamellar bone formation (6.5%) as early as four weeks after the extraction was performed. Moreover, the degree of new bone formation was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the extraction sockets treated with biphasic calcium phosphate at 8-week post-extraction than that in the other study groups. In this study, we demonstrated that the proposed animal model is useful to evaluate the bone formation after tooth extraction and the alveolar ridge conservation is feasible. The new bone formation and alveolar ridge preservation with bone graft after extraction of molar teeth, could result in the maintenance of sufficient bone volume to place an implant in an ideal restorative position without the need for ancillary implant site development procedures.


La pérdida de volumen cresta alveolar, es un proceso irreversible. Para evitar este evento fisiológico, que típicamente resulta en cambios anatómicos locales significativos, tanto en la dimensión horizontal y vertical, existen algunos procedimienos para reducir al mínimo la pérdida de volumen óseo que sigue típicamente a la extracción del diente. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar si tres injertos óseos diferentes podrían promover la formación de hueso en el alveolo tras la extracción del diente para la conservación de la cresta alveolar. Los primeros molares mandibulares de conejos machos adultos fueron extraídos y los alvéolos post extracción fueron rellenados aleatoriamente con tres injertos óseos diferentes, uno de xenoinjerto y dos injertos aloplásticos, más un grupo que no recibió tratamiento (coágulo de sangre). Los alvéolos post extracción en los conejos seleccionados de cada grupo fueron evaluados a las 4, 6, o 8 semanas post-extracción. Los resultados indicaron que los alvéolos tratados con injerto aloplástico mostraron formación de hueso lamelar (6,5%) ya a las 4 semanas post extracción. Por otra parte, el grado de formación de hueso nuevo fue significativamente mayor (P<0,05) en los alvéolos tratados con fosfato de calcio bifásico en 8 semanas post-extracción que en los otros grupos de estudio. Demostramos que el modelo animal propuesto es útil para evaluar la formación de hueso después de la extracción del diente, y la conservación de la cresta alveolar es factible. La nueva formación de hueso y la preservación del reborde alveolar con injerto óseo después de la extracción de los dientes molares, podrían mantener un volumen de hueso suficiente para colocar un implante en una posición ideal para la posterior restauración, sin la necesidad de procedimientos de quirúrgicos anexos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Alveolar Bone Loss/surgery , Bone Transplantation , Tooth Socket/surgery , Tooth Socket/pathology , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods , Time Factors , Tooth Extraction , Bone Regeneration , Models, Animal
2.
ImplantNews ; 9(5): 677-683, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-730034

ABSTRACT

A Implantodontia é uma especialidade que apresenta grande previsibilidade na reabilitação de pacientes desdentados posteriores de maxila. A perda dentária precoce resulta em remodelação acentuada dos maxilares. A elevação da membrana do seio maxilar com instalação de implantes dentários é uma técnica previsível descrita em 1980. Desde então, técnicas, materiais de preenchimento e o gerenciamento de complicações vêm sendo estudados, a fim de proporcionar diretrizes eficazes na reabilitação deste grupo de pacientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar clínica e radiograficamente dez pacientes que necessitaram de elevação da membrana do seio maxilar para instalação de implantes dentários e próteses implantossuportadas. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma análise retrospectiva dos prontuários para a obtenção de dados relacionados a possíveis complicações pós-operatórias. Estes pacientes foram acompanhados também em avaliação clínica e radiográfica em zero e 180 dias após a cirurgia. Clinicamente e radiograficamente, pôde-se concluir que a técnica cirúrgica do levantamento do seio maxilar com instalação imediata de implantes apresenta resultados satisfatórios, podendo ser considerado um procedimento seguro, pois 90% dos pacientes alcançaram previsibilidade, de um total de 86,96% dos implantes instalados. Ressalta-se, ainda, a importância do conhecimento anatômico da região, a técnica cirúrgica apurada e o acompanhamento pós-operatório dos pacientes.


Implant dentistry is a dental specialty which presents great predictability in the rehabilitation at posterior, partially edentulous maxillary areas. Early tooth loss results in significant jaw remodeling. The maxillary sinus lifting followed by implant placement is a predictable technique initially described in 1980. Since then, several different techniques have been investigated varying filling materials and the management of complications in order to provide effective guidance in the rehabilitation of these patients. The current study evaluated ten patients who underwent sinus lifting before implant placement and crown installation. First, a retrospective analysis of the medical records was conducted to obtain information about possible postoperative complications. Clinical and radiographic analyses were performed at baseline and 180 days after surgeries. The sinus lifting with immediate implant placement provided satisfactory outcomes and can be considered a safe procedure. Treatment predictability was demonstrated in 90% of patients and for 86.96% of implants placed. It is important to highlight knowledge of anatomical structures at this area, the use of delicate surgical techniques, and strict patient follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Alveolar Process , Bone Transplantation , Dental Implants
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