Comment on the two randomized clinical trials on acupuncture from / 中国针灸

In June 27, 2017, there were two acupuncture clinical trials published in (). The conclusions were that electroacupuncture could relieve the leakage of urine of female stress urinary incontinence and that acupuncture with clomiphene or not could not improve the live birth rate of female with polycystic ovarian syndrome, compared with shallow insertion at non-acupoint combined with clomiphene placebo. The Youth Committee of the China Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion held an academic salon about the above two trials on September 7, 2017. It is considered that rigorous design is key to clinical acupuncture-moxibustion trial, that acupuncture-moxibustion therapy is with psychosomatic medicine theory. The clinical acupuncture-moxibustion research method was discussed, including study group selection, acupuncture control, the primary outcome, the interpretation of result, etc.

Valoración del daño corporal en cardiopatía isquémica, basado en las guías de valoración del deterioro permanente de la academia americana de medicina / Assessment of body damage in ischemic heart disease, based on the guidelines for assessing the permanent deterioration of the American Academy of Medicine

ResumenEn este artículo se describirán los elementos básicos necesarios que deben tomarse en cuenta cuando se está valorando médico legalmente a una persona con cardiopatía isquémica, tanto en la historia clínica, examen físico y los estudios complementarios. Además se dará una explicación breve sobre el uso de tabla de enfermedad coronaria para la asignación de porcentaje basado en las Guías de Valoración del Deterioro Permanente de la Academia Americana de Medicina y con ello brindarle al médico forense las herramientas necesarias para asignar de forma objetiva un porcentaje de pérdida de la capacidad funcional por los efectos de la cardiopatía de origen isquémico.

AbstractIn this article will be described the necessary basic elements to be taken into account when using a forensic medical approach to diagnose a person with ischemic heart disease, both in clinical history, physical examination and complementary studies. In addition, is a brief explanation of how to use the table of coronary heart disease for the allocation of a percentage based on the Guidelines for Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the American Academy of Medicine and thereby provide to the medical examiner the necessary tools to assign subjectively the percentage of loss of functional capacity by the effects of ischemic heart disease.

Empowerment of Korean Medical Association with KMA Policy system developing

Recently, the Korean Medical Association (KMA) launched the KMA Policy system based upon the American Medical Association (AMA) Policy system. The KMA's official positions on health issues and medical ethics, as well as its constitution, bylaws, and directives, will be included in the KMA Policy system. The AMA's organizational structure and decision making process provided essential information for developing the KMA Policy system. Through the KMA Policy system, hereafter, the KMA should introduce a procedure not only to decide upon positions on various health issues but also a means to open them to the public. In addition, the KMA can expect the continuity and transparency of work, enhanced benefits to members, public credibility, and growth of its social reputation by means of KMA Policy. Furthermore, the system would be beneficial for both KMA members and the public, as they can easily access KMA Policy, and, in turn, access the healthcare systems of Korea and its medical knowledge. To achieve a successful KMA Policy system, the definite authority and responsibility should be granted to the organizational bodies of the KMA, for example, the House of Delegates and Board of Trustees, and the regional societies and other sections. These various groups must then efficiently divide up their work and cooperate systematically. Moreover, it is crucial that each individual member of the KMA pay much more attention to health issues and participate in the decision making process on KMA Policy.

A Review of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment

The American Medical Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (Guides) has provided an useful guideline in interpreting information on permanent impairment based on the in-depth knowledge and experience in impairment ratings accumulated for a long period of time. Since its first publication by American Medical Association (1958), as A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back', 12 additional guides' has been published by the JAMA over the next 12 years. All the guides were consolidated to become the first official edition of the Guides' in 1971. The 'Guides' has been updated periodically to reflect current scientific clinical knowledge and judgment methods. It has become the best system available to evaluate permanent impairments across many disciplines. The latest sixth edition created a "paradigm shift" in the area of the impairment assessment by introducing a contemporary model of disablement. The standardized methods elaborated in the sixth edition clearly enhances the relevancy of impairment ratings, improves internal consistency of the methods and renders the application of the rating process easier. It adopts the terminology and conceptual framework from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in order to generate five impairment classes. A diagnosis-based grid has been developed for each organ system. Functional history, physical findings and objective clinical test results are integrated to determine the grade within the impairment class. The Guides' is the most widely used source for assessing and rating permanent impairments in the United States and can be considered as the best available method for the assessment of permanent impairment.

A Report of Consideration for Physician's Recognition Award (PRA) in American Medical Association / 医学教育

The committee of continuing medical education in Japan Society for Medical Education discussed on PRA of American Medical Association [AMA]. We have first analyzed the brochure of PRA for the members of AMA, and then prepared the questionnaire for AMA. We were able to obtained the answers to the questionnaire which were sent to AMA through courtesy of Japanese Medical Association (JMA). It was realized that AMA emphasizes an importance of PRA for medical practice to the patients; nevertheless acquisition rate of PRA is actually low, and so AMA proceeds with efforts towards completion of PRA.

Reform of the Medical Education in the Early 20th Century America and the Flexner Report of 1910 / 의사학

Reform of the medical education in the early 20th century America caused many consequences in the various aspects of the medical fields as well as the improvement of the medical education itself such as the reinforcement of the laboratory training in the basic science courses and hospital instruction in the clinical courses. The reform brought about the direct or indirect elimination of the irregular sectarian practitioners and the minority groups such as black and women from the medical market place, established the concrete position of the regular physicians in the American society, reinforced the biomedical aspects which would become the general tendency in the 20th century Western medicine. And the author stressed that the reform was neither initiated nor invoked but just accelerated by the so-called Flexner Report of 1910, rather it had been performed through the processes of the interaction and struggle between the various contradictory trends, tendencies, and forces such as American Medical Association(AMA), some leading medical educators and scientists, medical colleges, and philanthropic foundations in the socio-cultural millieu gradually moving to favor the 'science'.

Reform of the Medical Education in the Early 20th Century America and the Flexner Report of 1910 / 의사학

Reform of the medical education in the early 20th century America caused many consequences in the various aspects of the medical fields as well as the improvement of the medical education itself such as the reinforcement of the laboratory training in the basic science courses and hospital instruction in the clinical courses. The reform brought about the direct or indirect elimination of the irregular sectarian practitioners and the minority groups such as black and women from the medical market place, established the concrete position of the regular physicians in the American society, reinforced the biomedical aspects which would become the general tendency in the 20th century Western medicine. And the author stressed that the reform was neither initiated nor invoked but just accelerated by the so-called Flexner Report of 1910, rather it had been performed through the processes of the interaction and struggle between the various contradictory trends, tendencies, and forces such as American Medical Association(AMA), some leading medical educators and scientists, medical colleges, and philanthropic foundations in the socio-cultural millieu gradually moving to favor the 'science'.

A Comparative Study on Evaluation of Physical Impairment Among Revised Evaluation by Medical Association, McBride Disablitlity Evaluation and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment by American Medical Association

In 1992 the Korean Medical Association intended to make revised evaluation and rate of physical impairment based upon rate and evaluation of physical impairment according to National Compensation Law which was composed of 14 subdivisions with various rates of physical impairment. Committee of Evaluation of Physical Impairment in Korean Neurosurgical Society provided revised evaluation of nervous or mental impairment, peripheral never impairment and spinal column impairment. Because McBride Disability Evaluation and Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment by American Medical Association have been used widely in this field the author describe evaluation and rate of physical impairment in each method briefly and compare to revised evaluation by Korean Medical Association in subject of neurologic and spinal impairment.