ABSTRACT
La epilepsia tiene una incidencia de 1 % en la población, de los cuales un tercio no responde al tratamiento farmacológico, que conlleva a discapacidad y morbilidad secundaria. Los pacientes con epilepsia refractaria requieren un estudio multidisciplinario para el origen de la epilepsia y realizar la resección quirúrgica. En cinco pacientes del Hospital Almenara hicimos la evaluación clínica, neuropsicológica, estudio estructural con resonancia magnética, PET y SPECT y videoelectroencefalografía de cuero cabelludo e intracraneal, con lo que realizamos la cirugía resectiva correspondiente. En 71 % de los pacientes se logró la supresión completa de las crisis epilépticas y en 29 % restantes, la disminución de la frecuencia en 75 %. La morbilidad adicional en los pacientes operados fue leve y manejable. El manejo multidisciplinario y tratamiento quirúrgico de la epilepsia refractaria en el hospital Almenara es altamente eficaz y se requiere la implementación de una unidad de Cirugía de Epilepsia.
Epilepsy has 1 % prevalence, until one third are refractory to pharmacological treatment, so it produces disability, morbidity and mortality. These patients requires multidisciplinary diagnostic approach to localize the origin and ideally resect it. In Almenara Hospital, seven patients has been studied clinically, neuropsychologically, brain imaging: structure magnetic resonance and functional with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography and video electroencephalography non invasive initially and electrocorticography. After the study we decided and performed respective surgery. In 71 % of patients we have got complete suppression of seizures and in the remain 29 %, more than 75 % in seizure frequency. The side effects were mild and possible to treat. The multidisciplinary approach and surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy in the Almenara Hospital is highly efficient and it is needed to install an Specialized Unit.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy , Epilepsy/surgery , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
El concepto clínico y epidemiológico de epilepsia como enfermedad crónica recomendado por la OMS y la ILAE exige la repetición crónica de crisis epilépticas1,2. La epilepsia se clasifica en sintomático, criptogenetica e idiopática¹. Esta descrito que aproximadamente el 1 % de toda la población mundial tiene Epilepsia, siendo una patología muy frecuente y de gran interés en la salud pública, por lo cual la posibilidad de obtener una cura o una mejoría significativa mediante el tratamiento quirúrgico es un campo de investigación en constante crecimiento. Se sabe que la conducta quirúrgica se debe realizar en los pacientes con Epilepsia Sintomática que representan el 40 a 60% de los casos. Los pacientes con epilepsia refractaria al tratamiento son el 10% y son estos los candidatos al tratamiento quirúrgicos por Neurocirugía Funcional, obteniéndose un resultado favorable en más del 60% de los pacientes operados(1,2,3,4,5,6,7). En el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar la Recurrencia de Crisis Epilepticas Asociada al tratamiento quirúrgico para epilepsia según la escala de ENGEL en el servicio Neurocirugía del Hospital Materno Infantil de la Caja Nacional de Salud La Paz Bolivia del 2008 al 2011. Se ha demostrado que el 69% de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de epilepsia en nuestro centro son considerados como éxito quirúrgico de acuerdo con la Escala de ENGEL, con una mortalidad de cero y con una mejoría en relación a la morbilidad de la patología de base sin asociar complicaciones postquirúrgicas.
The clinical and epidemiologic concept of epilepsy as a chronic disease recommended by the WHO and ILAE requires the chronic repetition of seizures1,2. Epilepsy is classified into symptomatic, cryptogenic and idiopática1. It reported that about 1% of the world's population has epilepsy, being a very common disease of great interest in public health, so the possibility of a cure or significant improvement with surgical treatment is a field of research is constantly growing. It is known that the surgical procedure should be performed in patients with symptomatic epilepsy represent 40 to 60% of cases. Patients with refractory epilepsy are 10% and these are the candidates for surgical treatment of Functional Neurosurgery, obtaining a favorable outcome in more than 60% of patients operados1,2,3,4,5,6,7. The present work aims to determine the recurrence of epileptic Crisis Associated surgical treatment of epilepsy according to the scale of ENGEL in Neurosurgery Service of the Maternity Hospital National Health La Paz Bolivia from 2008 to 2011. It has been shown that 69% of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery at our center are considered surgical success according to the scale ENGEL, with a mortality of zero and an improvement in relation to the morbidity of the underlying disease with no associated postoperative complications.
Subject(s)
EpilepsyABSTRACT
O conhecimento da anatomia microcirúrgica do hipocampo tem importância fundamental na cirurgia da epilepsia do lobo temporal. Uma das técnicas mais utilizadas na cirurgia da epilepsia é a técnica de Niemeyer. OBJETIVO: Descrever em detalhes a anatomia do hipocampo e mostrar uma técnica na qual pontos de referências anatômicos pré-operatórios visualizados na RNM são usados para guiar a corticotomia. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 20 hemisférios cerebrais e 8 cadáveres para dissecções anatômicas microcirúrgicas do lobo temporal e hipocampo para identificação e descrição das principais estruturas do hipocampo. Foram estudados prospectivamente 32 pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal refratários ao tratamento clínico submetidos a amígdalo-hipocampectomia seletiva pela técnica de Niemeyer três parâmetros anatômicos foram mensurados na RNM pré operatória e transferidos para o ato cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: O hipocampo foi dividido em cabeça, corpo e cauda e sua anatomia microcirúrgica descrita em detalhes. As medidas adquiridas são apresentadas e discutidas. CONCLUSÃO: A complexa anatomia do hipocampo pode ser entendida de uma forma tridimensional durante dissecções microcirúrgicas. As medidas pré-operatórias mostraram-se guias anatômicos úteis para corticotomia na técnica de Niemeyer.
The deep knowledge of hippocampal microsurgical anatomy is paramount in epilepsy surgery. One of the most used techniques is those proposed by Niemeyer. PURPOSE: To describe the hippocampal anatomy in details and to present a technique which preoperative anatomical points in MRI are identified to guide the corticotomy. METHOD: Microsurgical dissections were performed in twenty brain hemispheres and eight cadaveric heads to identify temporal lobe and hippocampus structures. Thirty two patients with drug-resistent temporal lobe epilepsy underwent a selective amygdalohippocampectomy with Niemeyers technique being measured three preoperative MRI preoperative distances to guide the corticotomy. RESULTS: The hippocampus was divided in head, body and tail and its microsurgical anatomy described in details. The MRI measurements are presented and discussed. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of the complex anatomy of the hippocampus can be achieved in a three-dimensional way during microsurgical dissections not. The preoperative MRI measurement is a reasonable guide to perform temporal corticotomy in Niemeyers techinique.