Effect of different pre-boiling treatment on in vitro protein and amino acid digestibility of mung beans [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

@#Introduction: Mung beans [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] are good sources of protein. Nevertheless, its protein quality is still questionable. This study aimed to determine the effect of different processes prior to boiling, on the in vitro protein and amino acid digestibility of mung beans by using a 6-hour enzymatic digestion. Methods: This study was based on the household method of the processes before boiling including unsoaking, soaking, and dehulling. Products from all treatment methods were analysed for proximate composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and dietary fibre) on a dry basis, naturally occurring anti-nutritional factors, amino acid composition, and digestibility of protein and amino acids. The amino acid composition and amino acid digestibility were used to calculate the dietary protein quality. Results: The treatments prior to the boiling of mung beans such as dehulling, soaking and without soaking, improved protein digestibility significantly by 10.8%, 10.3%, and 12.0%, respectively, when compared with that of raw mung beans (37.9%). Of the different mung bean pre-treatments, soaking seems to have the highest value of average indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility (55.4%), in particularly branched-chain amino acids (66.4%). However, there was no difference in the protein quality in terms of digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) across different treatment groups. Conclusion: The different processes performed on mung bean before boiling had only a slight impact on its amino acid digestibility and they rarely affected DIAAS values.

Inclusão de lisina digestível em dietas para leitoas dos 60 aos 100 dias de idade / Digestible lysine inclusion in diets for gilts from 60 to 100 days of age

Foi realizado um experimento utilizando-se 300 leitoas, com peso inicial de 25,00±0,54kg, para avaliar os efeitos da porcentagem de lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e a composição da carcaça de leitoas dos 60 aos 100 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos 0,65; 0,75; 0,85; 0,95 e 1,05% de lisina digestível, cinco repetições e 12 animais por unidade experimental. Não se observou efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de ração diário e o rendimento de carcaça das leitoas. A porcentagem de lisina da dieta influenciou o consumo de lisina digestível e o ganho de peso diário, que aumentaram de forma linear. O aumento na concentração de lisina digestível da dieta melhorou de forma linear a conversão alimentar e aumentou a quantidade de carne magra da carcaça. A porcentagem de lisina influenciou a espessura de toucinho das leitoas, que reduziu de forma quadrática até a porcentagem estimada de 0,87% de lisina digestível. A inclusão de 1,05% de lisina digestível na dieta, correspondente ao consumo de lisina digestível de 18,50g/dia, proporciona os melhores resultados de desempenho e quantidade de carne na carcaça de leitoas dos 60 aos 100 dias de idade.

The experiment was conducted with 300 gilts with initial weight of 25.00±0.54kg, from 60 to 100 days of age, to evaluate the effects of digestible lysine percentages on performance and carcass traits of the animals. The gilts were allotted in a randomized block design, with five treatments (percentages of digestible lysine), five replicates, and twelve animals per experimental unit. The treatments applied were 0.65; 0.75; 0.85; 0.95 and 1.05% of digestible lysine. No effects of treatments on the daily feed intake of the gilts were observed. A linear increase on digestible lysine intake as a result of increasing the concentration of digestible lysine in the diet was verified. The increase in dietary digestible lysine concentration resulted in a linear increase of daily weight gain. The increase of digestible lysine concentrations in the diet resulted in a linear improvement of feed conversion and in a linear increase in the amount of lean meat in the carcass. There was no effect of digestible lysine concentration on gilts' carcass traits. The amount of lean meat in the carcass of pigs increased linearly with the increase of the percentage of digestible lysine in the diets. The percentage of digestible lysine influenced the back fat thickness of the gilts which decreased quadratically up to 0.87% digestible lysine maximum response. The inclusion of 1.05% digestible lysine in the diet, corresponding to a daily intake of 18.5 g digestible lysine provides the greatest performance results and amount of lean meat in the carcass of gilts from 60 to 100 days of age.

Nitrogen balance and ileal nutrient digestibility in weanling pigsfed spray dried plasma protein and fermented fish meals / Balance de nitrógeno y digestibilidad ileal de nutrientes en cerdos destetos alimentados con proteína de plasma seco y harinas de pescado fermentadas / Balance do nitrogênio e digestibilidade ileal de nutrientes em suínos desmamados, alimentados com proteína de plasma seco e farinas de peixe fermentadas

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of spray dried plasma protein (SDPP) and fermented(L. acidophilus and B. licheniformis) fish meals on nitrogen (N) balance and ileal nutrient digestibilityof weanling pigs. Sixteen crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] nursery pigs (8.58 ± 0.32 kg) weresurgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. The dietary treatments were: 1) FM (5% unfermentedfish meal), 2) FFA (5% fermented fish meal with L. acidophilus), 3) FFL (5% fermented fish meal with B.licheniformis), and 4) SDPP (3% Spray dried plasma protein, AP920®, APC, Inc, Ames, IA). The N retentionwas greater in the SDPP treatment than in other treatments (p<0.05), and biological value was greater inthe SDPP treatment than in the FM and FFL treatments (p<0.05). Dry matter (DM) and N digestibilitywere higher in the SDPP treatment than in other treatments (p<0.05). When calcium (Ca) digestibility wasevaluated, it was found to be higher in the SDPP treatment than in the FM and FFA treatments (p<0.05).The FFA and FFL treatments had a higher calcium (Ca) digestibility than the FM treatment (p<0.05).Arginine, histidine and isoleucine digestibility were higher in the SDPP treatment than in the FM andFFL treatments (p<0.05). Lysine digestibility was higher in the SDPP treatment than in the FFL treatment(p<0.05). Compared to all dietary treatments, phenylalanine and valine digestibility were the greatest in theSDPP group (p<0.05). Glutamic acid and tyrosine digestibility were higher in the SDPP treatment than in theFM and FFL treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, compared with feeding 3% SDPP, no positive effects were observed on N retention or nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs on the 5% fermented fish meal diets. Thus,SDPP provides a better nutrient digestibility outcome than the use of fermented fish meal.

Este experimento se realizó para evaluar los efectos de la proteína de plasma seco (SDPP) y harinas depescado fermentadas (L. acidophilus y B. licheniformis) sobre el balance de nitorgeno (N) y la digestibilidadileal de nutrientes en cerdos al destete. Dieciséis cerdos mestizos [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] destetos(8.58 ± 0.32kg) fueron quirúrgicamente equipados con cánulas-T en el íleon distal. Los tratamientosdietarios fueron: 1) FM (5% harina de pescado no fermentada), 2) FFA (5% harina de pescado fermentadacon L. acidophilus), 3) FFL (5% de harina de pescado fermentada con B. licheniformis), y 4) SDPP (3%proteína de plasma seco, AP920®, APC, Inc, Ames, IA). La retención de N fue mayor en el tratamientoSDPP que en los otros tratamientos (p <0.05) y el valor biológico fue mayor en el tratamiento SDPP queen la FM y los tratamientos FFL (p <0.05). La digestibilidad de la materia seca (MS) y del N fue mayor enel tratamiento SDPP que en los otros tratamientos (p <0.05). Cuando se evaluó la digestibilidad del calcio(Ca), se encontró que era mayor en el tratamiento SDPP que en FM y FFA (p <0.05). Los tratamientosFFA y FFL tuvieron mayor digestibilidad del calcio que el tratamiento FM (p <0.05). La digestibilidad dela arginina, histidina e isoleucina fue mayor en el tratamiento SDPP que en los tratamientos FM y FFL(p <0.05). La digestibilidad de la lisina fue mayor en el tratamiento SDPP que en el tratamiento FFL(p <0.05). En comparación con todos los tratamientos dietarios, la digestibilidad de la fenilalanina y valinafue mayor en el grupo SDPP (p <0.05). La digestibilidad del ácido glutámico y de la tirosina fueron mayoresen el tratamiento SDPP que en los tratamientos FM y FFL (p <0.05). En conclusión, en comparación conla inclusión del 3% de SDPP, no se observaron efectos positivos en la retención de N o la digestibilidad denutrientes en cerdos destetos alimentados con 5% de harina de pescado fermentada.

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos da proteína do plasma seco (SDPP) e de farinas depeixe fermentadas (L. acidophilus e B. licheniformis) sobre o balance do nitrogênio (N) e a digestibilidadeileal de nutrientes em suínos desmamados. Dezesseis suínos mestiços [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc]desmamados (8.58 ± 0.32kg) foram cirurgicamente equipados com cânulas-T no ileo distal. Os tratamentosforam: 1) FM (5% farina de peixe no fermentada), 2) FFA (5% farina de peixe fermentada com L.acidophilus), 3) FFL (5% de farina de peixe fermentada com B. licheniformis), e 4) SDPP (3% proteínade plasma seco, AP920®, APC, Inc, Ames, IA). A retenção de N foi maior no tratamento SDPP (p <0.05)e o valor biológico foi maior no SDPP que na FM e os tratamentos FFL (p <0.05). A digistibilidade damatéria seca (MS) e do N foi maior o tratamento SDPP (p <0.05). Quando foi avaliado a digestibilidade docálcio (Ca), encontrou-se que foi maior no tratamento SDPP que em FM e FFA (p <0.05). Os tratamentosFFA e FFL tiveram maior digestibilidade do Ca que o tratamento FM (p <0.05). A digestibilidade daarginina, histidina e isoleucina foi maior no tratamento SDPP que nos tratamentos FM e FFL (p <0.05). Adigestibilidade da lisina foi maior no tratamento SDPP que no tratamento FFL (p<0.05). A digestibilidadeda fenilalanina e valina foi maior no grupo SDPP (p <0.05). A digestibilidade do ácido glutâmico e datirosina foram maiores no tratamento SDPP que nos tratamentos FM e FFL (p <0.05). Em conclusão, ainclusão de 3% de SDPP, não tem efeito positivo na retenção de N ou a digestibiidade de nutrientes emsuínos desmamados, alimentados com 5% de farina de peixe fermentada, portanto, o SDPP proporcionauma maior digestibilidade de nutrientes que o uso de farina de peixe fermentada.