ABSTRACT
SUMMARY The oleoresin produced by species of genus Protium sp. is rich in alpha and betaamyrins, two triterpenes with many pharmacogical activities. Considering the need to make the improved obtainment of these products feasible, this study sought to optimize techniques for the extraction and isolation of amyrins from resin. Two methods of extraction (maceration and sonication) with different solvents were compared to direct isolation from crude resin. The isolation of triterpenes was performed by chromatographic columns and the yields of extracts and fractions were analyzed by analysis of variance. The best extraction solvent for amyrins was hexane for both maceration and sonication methods (38.16±2.06% and 37.67±8.21%, respectively). There was no statistical difference between these methods and the direct method (32.05±2.40%). Additionally, the direct method is cheaper and more environmentally friendly. Thus, this study showed that it is possible to obtain a large quantity of amyrins by means of cheap, fast and ecological methods.
RESUMEN La oleorresina producida por especies del género Protium sp. es rica en amirinas alfa y beta, dos triterpenos con muchas actividades farmacológicas. Esta investigación buscó optimizar las técnicas de extracción y aislamiento de amirinas de la resina para hacer factible la obtención mejorada de esos productos. Se compararon dos métodos de extracción (maceración y sonicación) con diferentes solventes con aislamiento directo de la resina cruda. El aislamento de los triterpenos se realizó mediante columnas cromatográficas y los rendimientos de extractos y fracciones fueron hechos mediante análisis de varianza. El mejor solvente para la extracción de amirinas fue el hexano para ambos métodos de maceración y sonicación (38,16±2,06% y 37,67±8,21%, respectivamente). No hubo diferencia estadística entre estos métodos y el método directo (32,05±2,40%). Además, el método directo es más barato y ecológico. De este modo, esta investigación demostró que es posible obtener una gran cantidad de amirinas a través de métodos rápidos, baratos y ecológicos.
ABSTRACT
A obesidade, que se caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal decorrente principalmente do aumento do consumo de alimentos calóricos e do sedentarismo, está associada a várias condições patológicas como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes,desordens musculoesqueléticas e câncer. As opções farmacológicas para o tratamento da obesidade são limitadas e apresentam diversos efeitos colaterais. No Brasil apenas dois fármacos estão disponíveis, sibutramina e orlistate. Na busca de novas opções terapêuticas para o tratamento da obesidade, as plantas medicinais têm sido uma importante fonte de pesquisa, em especial os compostos terpênicos, conhecidos reguladores da glicemia e do metabolismo lipídico. O presente estudo investigou o efeito anti-obesidade da resina do Protium heptaphyllum (RPH) e de seu principal constituinte, a mistura de triterpenos alfa ebeta-amirina (AMI), na obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica em camundongos e seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss, albinos, machos,pesando entre 20-25g, que após uma semana de livre acesso a ração padrão (Purina®,Brasil) foram divididos em 7 grupos de 10 animais e tratados com dieta padrão (DP), dieta hipercalórica (DH), DH+RPH 10mg/kg, DH+RPH 20mg/kg, DH+AMI 10mg/kg, DH+AMI 20mg/kg ou DH+sibutramina 10mg/kg (SIB) por 15 semanas. RPH e AMI foram inicialmente diluídas em 2% Tween 80 em água...
Obesity which is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat mainly due to theincreased consumption of high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyle is associated withvarious pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletaldisorders and cancer. Pharmacologic options for the treatment of obesity are limited andhave many side effects. In Brazil only two drugs are available, sibutramine and orlistat. In thesearch for new therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity, medicinal plants have beenan important source of research, particularly the terpene compounds, known regulators ofblood glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated the antiobesity effect of Protiumheptaphyllum resin (RPH) and its main constituent, the mixture of triterpenes alpha and betaamyrin(AMY), in obesity induced by high calorie diet in mice and its possible mechanisms ofaction. Swiss albino male mice were used, weighing between 20-25g, which after a week offree access to standard chow (Purina®, Brazil) were divided into 7 groups of 10 animals eachand treated with standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+RPH 10mg/kg, HFD+RPH20mg/kg, HFD+AMY 10mg/kg, HFD+AMY 20 mg/kg or HFD+sibutramine 10mg/kg (SIB) for15 weeks. RPH and AMY were initially diluted in 2% Tween 80 in water...