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ObjectiveTo explore the related factors of troublemaking behaviors among patients with mental disorders induced by amphetamine-type stimulants （ATS）， and to provide references for the formulation of relevant intervention measures for ATS-induced mental disorders. MethodsA total of 105 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） for ATS-induced mental disorders were included， and classified into troublemaking group and non-troublemaking group. The general demographic data and clinical data of the selected individuals were collected， and all patients were assessed using Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）. Then univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to screen the related factors of troublemaking behaviors. ResultsThe scores of SSRS， objective support dimension and social support utilization dimension were significantly lower in troublemaking group than those in non-troublemaking group， with statistical differences ［（24.10±6.59） vs. （28.94±5.59）， t=3.364， P=0.001； （5.50±1.96） vs. （8.20±2.13）， t=5.183， P<0.01； （4.60±2.26） vs. （6.28±1.90）， t=3.435， P=0.001］. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male （OR=6.061， P=0.014） was a risk factor， while high social support level （OR=0.873， P=0.018） was the protective factor for troublemaking behaviors among patients with ATS-induced mental disorders. ConclusionPatients with ATS-induced mental disorders of the males and with low social support level are at high risk of troublemaking behaviors.
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Objective • To test the mechanism of mindfulness-based intervention in patients with amphetamine-types stimulants use disorders. Methods • Forty participants from a drug rehabilitation center in Shanghai who had amphetamine-type stimulants use disorders were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and randomly divided into either the intervention group or control group. The control group only received the normal treatment, while the intervention group received mindfulness-based intervention as well as normal treatment. Resting state electroencephalogram and mindfulness attention awareness were assessed before and after the intervention. Results • Compared with the control group, the scores of mindfulness attention awareness improved significantly in the intervention group (P=0.000), and functional connectivity of frontal cortex (F4 and F5) under the eyeopen state and parietal-occipital cortex (P7 and O2) under the mindfulness state increased significantly in the intervention group in β oscillations (P=0.000). Moreover, the functional connectivity of parietal-occipital cortex was significantly correlated with the mindfulness attention awareness scores in the intervention group (P=0.000). Conclusion • Mindfulness-based intervention is effective in improving the mindfulness attention awareness and increasing the electroencephalogram functional connectivity of partial frontal and parietal-occipital cortex for patients with amphetamine-type stimulants use disorders.
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Objective@#To understand status of amphetaminetype stimulants (ATS) use among residents aged 15-64 in a border city of Yunnan province.@*Methods@#Using the stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 3 130 residents were recruited through both anonymous questionnaire and interview, regarding their health-related behaviour and ATS use.@*Results@#Among 3 130 residents aged 15-64 years in this city, the overall prevalence rates of ATS use were 4.0% (126/3 130) in the lifetime and 2.6% (82/3 130) in the past one year, while the prevalence of ATS use disorder in the past year was 2.3% (73/3 130). The prevalence rates of lifetime ATS use and in the past year were 7.5% (108/1 443) and 5.1% (73/1 443) in the high epidemic area, 7.3% (122/1 682) and 4.8%(80/1 682) in males, 5.2% (118/2 260) and 3.4% (77/2 260) in 18-45 age group, 4.6%(63/1 361) and 3.4% (46/1 361) in the ones having had elementary school education, 10.3% (50/487) and 8.6% (42/487) in unmarried group, 17.1% (19/111) and 12.6% (14/111) in either divorced, widowed or separated group, 4.8% (108/2 256) and 3.2% (72/2 256) in the farmers group, 6.0% (99/1 643) and 4.4% (73/1 643) in the non-religious groups (neither Buddhism nor Christianity), 15.2% (97/639) and 11.9% (76/639) in groups with negative hobbies which were 1.3% (29/2 314) and 0.3%(6/2 314) higher than the ones with positive hobbies, 8.5% (84/992) and 6.3% (62/992) in the ones negatively managing the stress which were 2.0% (42/2 138) and 0.9% (20/2 138) higher than the ones that treating the stress in a positive way.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence rates of ATS use and ATS use disorder in the past one year appeared high among those residents aged 15-64 years in the border city of Yunnan province. Prevention and intervention programs should be carried out for the target groups as soon as possible.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate nationally representative prevalence rates of amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use and to identify consumption-associated factors, proposing a conditional model of direct and indirect consumption paths. Method: Using data from the Second Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey, this cross-sectional study analyzed a subsample of 3,828 participants between 15 and 64 years old, gathering information on the use of psychoactive substances in a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian household population. Results: Rates of lifetime and last-year ATS use were, respectively, 4.1 and 1.6%. Economically privileged individuals and users of other substances were more at risk for using ATS. The results suggest that higher education decreases the chances of ATS consumption. The conditional model showed that higher income increased ATS use, higher education lowered the odds of such an increase, and cocaine use cancelled that associative effect. Conclusion: Brazil presents high rates of ATS use. Prevention and treatment strategies should focus on the protective effect of higher education levels and should target polydrug use. Knowledge of ATS-associated factors and user profiles is the starting point for developing effective treatments and tailored prevention strategies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Amphetamine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Distribution , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Educational Status , Income/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Objective to investigate the emotional state and childhood trauma among users of amphetaminetype-stimulants under compulsory seclusion rehabilitation in Shaoxing.Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted on 140 users of ATS in Shaoxing compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center,collecting general information using homemade questionnaires.Using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Mood Disorder Questionnaire(MDQ) to investigate the emotional state of users of ATS.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was applied to explore the childhood trauma experiences of users of ATS.Results Among the 140 users of ATS,84 (60％) users had emotional problems,24 users (17.14％) of anxiety disorder,22 users (15.72％) of depression,27 users (19.28％) of depression and anxiety disorder.66 users (47.1％)experienced at least one childhood trauma.The most common childhood trauma is the physical neglect,60 users (42.9％),followed by emotional neglect in 23 users(16.4％),again sexual abuse in 18 users (12.9％),emotional abuse and physical abuse is relatively fewer.Conclusion Among users of ATS under compulsory seclusion rehabilitation,emotional problems is prevalent.Proper emotional intervention and treatment in users of ATS would promote their mental health,thereby reducing the re-use of ATS,better return to society life.
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Objective:To assess the effect of combined cognitive rehabilitation training on improving cogni-tive dysfunction in amphetamine-type stimulant dependent patients.Methods:Subjects who met the clinical diagno-sis of ATS dependence by DSM-IV in compulsory isolation detoxification institute were randomly assigned into in-tervention group (n =30 )and control group (n =26 ).Control group received a regular education.Intervention group also received a combined cognitive rehabilitation training besides regular education,including psychological and physical rehabilitation for 24 weeks.The Chinese version of CogState Battery (CSB)was used to assess cogni-tive function at baseline and 24 weeks after the intervention.Results:No significant difference was found on all sub-scales scores of CogState Battery between two groups at baseline.At 24 weeks after the intervention,compared to control group,the intervention group had more improvements in three sub-scale scores,i.e.,One Card LearningTask [(0.06 ±0.12)vs. (-0.03 ±0.14),P0.05 ).Conclusion:The combined cognitive rehabilitation training could improve amphetamine-type stimulant dependent patients'visual learning and memory,working memory and spatial working memory,while have no significant im-provement on other cognitive functions.
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Amphetamine-type stimulants ( ATS ) , a group of new-type synthetic drugs mainly in psychological dependence, are abused more and more severely in recent years. MicroRNAs ( MiRNAs ) are an important class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional negatively regulation of gene expression by targeting specific mRNA sequences to in-hibit the translation of mRNAs or degrade the expression of mR-NAs. ATS can induce the changes in the expression of miRNAs in addiction-related brain regions which directly involve in the regulation of ATS-induced addictive behaviors. Therefore, to study the regulatory role of miRNAs in ATS-induced addiction has important implications for dependent mechanisms of new-type drugs and the discovery of the new targets of drug actions.