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OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effects and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of fentanyl intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (ivPCA) with nefopam, a centrally acting analgesic agent with demonstrated opioid sparing activity, as compared to ketorolac in a tertiary teaching hospital. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of electronic medical records was conducted on patient records including either nefopam or ketorolac with opioid ivPCA for post-operative pain management in general surgery department from January to December 2014. The status of pain control and ADRs were collected. RESULTS: Out of 6,330 general surgery cases, nefopam was given in 153 prescriptions (6.9%) and ketorolac in 81 prescriptions (3.6%). The level of pain control was not different between two groups (70.9% vs. 75.3%; p = 0.51), but ADRs were more frequently reported in nefopam group (9.8% vs. 2.5%; p < 0.05). New ADRs of hot flushes (n = 1) and paresthesia in hands (n = 1) were reported in nefopam group and they were unlisted in the approved package insert. No serious ADRs were reported in both groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings presented that nefopam showed a similar analgesic effect and higher ADR rates compared to ketorolac as an adjuvant to fentanyl iv PCA for postoperative pain management in general surgery patients in South Korea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Analgesics, Opioid , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Electronic Health Records , Fentanyl , Hand , Hospitals, Teaching , Ketorolac , Korea , Nefopam , Pain Management , Pain, Postoperative , Paresthesia , Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis , Prescriptions , Product Labeling , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of mongolian medicine Cymbaria dahurica extract. METHODS:96 KM mice(or SD rats)were randomly divided into model group(water),positive control group(aspirin, 0.5 g/kg),C. dahurica ethanol extract (70% ethanol) low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups (0.325,0.650,1.300 g/kg, calculated by crude drug) and C. dahurica aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups(0.325,0.650,1.300 g/kg,calculated by crude drug). They were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 7 d. The xylene-induced ear edema method was used to determine the degree of ear edema,and egg white-in-duced paw edema method was used to determine paw edema after inducing inflammation 1,2,4,6 h;anti-inflammatory activity of C. dahurica extract was investigated. 96 KM mice were grouped and given medicine with same method;the number of writhing within 20 min was determined by acetic acid writhing method. Another 64 KM mice were grouped with same method,with 8 mice in each group;except positive control group was given tramadol hydrochloride(0.5 g/kg)intragastrically,other groups were given relevant medicine with same method. Pain thresholds of mice were determined by hot-plate test before and after medication 30,45, 60,90 min,and analgesic effects of C. dahurica extract were investigated. RESULTS:Compared with model group,C. dahurica extract could obviously restrain the ear edema of mice and paw edema of rats 6 h after egg white-induced inflammation. Except paw edema of rats in C. dahurica aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction high-dose group was decreased slightly,there was statistical significance among other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). C. dahurica extract decreased the number of writhing in mice within 20 min,and extended pain thresholds of mice 30,60,90 min after medication (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both C. dahurica ethanol extract and aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction posses certain anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
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Objective Xiangqingzhitong spray ( XQ spray) is a kind of class V new Chinese drugs .This paper studied the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of XQ spray to provide experiment evidence for clinical application . Methods Mice were divided into blank control A group , yunnan baiyao aerosol A group , voltaren A group and low , middle and high dose A group of XQ spray.Analgesic effects were studied by observing effect of XQ spray for pain threshold in electrical stimulation test .Mice were divided into blank control B group , yunnan baiyao aerosol B group , voltaren B group and low , middle and high dose B group of XQ spray .Analgesic effects were studied by observing the effects of XQ spray for pain threshold in tail pain tenderness test .Mice were divided into blank control C group , yunnan baiyao aerosol C group , voltaren C group and low,middle and high dose C group of XQ spray .Anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the models of ear swelling induced by xylene in mice.Rats were divided into blank control D group , yunnan baiyao aerosol D group , voltaren D group and low, middle and high dose D group of XQ spray .Anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the models of paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats . Results Electrical stimulation test showed that middle and high dose A group of XQ spray could enhance the pain threshold and the analgesia percentage reached 90%after the administration of 15 min and 30 min.Compared with control group , significant difference was found in medium and high dose A group (P<0.05).High dose B group of XQ spray could enhance pain threshold in tail pain tenderness test markedly after the administration of 15 min and 30 min and the difference was significant compared with control group ( P<0.01).Middle dose C group could inhibit the ear swelling induced by xylene in mice and the difference was significant compared with control group ([4.41 ±4.55]mg vs [9.15 ±3.94]mg,P<0.05).High dose C group could inhibit the ear swelling induced by xylene in mice and significant difference was found compared with control group ([3.62 ±3.56]mg vs [9.15 ±3.94] mg,P<0.01). High dose D group could inhibit the paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats after the administration of 30 min and there was signifi-cant difference compared with control group ([1.19 ±0.94]mg vs [2.54 ±1.28]mg,P<0.01). Conclusion XQ spray has sig-nificant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects .
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Purposes: To evaluate analgesic effect and adverse effects of intrathecal morphine and fentanyl in parturients undergoing cesarean section. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study from anesthetic and recovery room records from January 2001 to August 2011. Results: From this 11-year retrospective, descriptive analysis in 10,061 patients undergoing cesarean section who received intrathecal opioids, it had been found that their pain scores both at rest and with movement were mild and moderate, respectively. Nausea / vomiting and pruritus were common complications but no patient experienced respiratory depression. Conclusions: Intrathecal morphine is effective for controlling postcesarean pain with minor adverse effects.
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In this study, we investigated the analgesic activity of crude aqueous and methanol extracts obtained from Abarema cochliacarpos bark in mice, and analyzed its phytochemical profile. All the extracts exhibited analgesic properties against the writhing test in mice, but the aqueous and methanol extracts were more active, and more potent than two known analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs used as reference. They were also active against the capsaicin-model, but inactive when evaluated in the hot-plate test. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, catechins, tannins, phenols and anthraquinones.
No presente trabalho foram avaliados a atividade antinociceptiva e o perfil fitoquímico dos extratos aquosos e metanólico produzidos com a casca do caule de Abarema cochliacarpos, uma espécie de Mata Atlântica com diversas indicações populares. Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade analgésica quando avaliados pelo teste das contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético via intraperitonial, apresentando respostas superiores às drogas usadas como referência, bem como no modelo da dor induzida por capsaicina. A avaliação fitoquímica demonstrou a presença de saponinas, catequinas, taninos, fenóis e antraquinonas.
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BACKGROUND: Pain remains the chief complaint that brings patients to physician's office, despite recent insights into underlying mechanism and the identification of potential new therapeutic targets. In recent years, however, with the development of molecular biology cell transplantation gives us a new chance for treating intractable chronic pain. The major purpose of the present study was to determine if the chromaffin cells that were encapsulated with 1.3% (w/v) sodium alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate (APA) had robust analgesic effects in the spinal atlanto-occipital subarachnoid space even without nicotine stimulation. METHODS: In order to determine whether microencapsulated bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells transplanted in the spinal cord can produce analgesic effects, we microencapsulated adrenal medullary chromaffin cells with APA and implanted them into the subarachnoid space of rats' (n = 10) spinal cord, and investigated the hot sensitivity of rats' hind-paw by a light-beam test. RESULTS: It was found that compared with the control group, hot response latency of the group which received adrenal medullary chromaffin cells increased from the 12th day and the analgesic efficacy was maintained for at least 75 days. CONCLUSIONS: Microencapsulated bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells transplanted in the rats' spinal cord may provide a permanent and locally available source of neuropeptides for the relief of intractable pain. Furthermore, these kinds of analgesic effect were produced without any stimulation such as nicotine.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Transplantation , Chromaffin Cells , Chronic Pain , Drug Compounding , Molecular Biology , Neuropeptides , Nicotine , Pain, Intractable , Physicians' Offices , Reaction Time , Sodium , Spinal Cord , Subarachnoid Space , TransplantsABSTRACT
AIM: To study the analgesic effect of qingyan lihou buccal tablets. METHODS: The analgesic effect in mice was observed by hot plate and body torsion induced by antimony potassium tartrate. RESULTS: The experiments proved that the buccal tablet could significantly raise pain threshold, prolonged the latency and reduced the writhe number per ten minutes of mice model by antimony potassium tartrate. CONCLUSION: Qingyan lihou buccal tablets show better analgesic effects.
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BACKGROUND: Despite of numerous researches on the mechanisms and new therapeutic methods of chronic pain, patients are still suffering even with the help of opioids. In recent years, however, with the development of molecular-biology cell transplantation gives us a new chance for treating intractable chronic pain. The major purpose of the present study was to determine if the chromaffin cells have robust analgesic effects in the spinal atlanto-occipital subarachnoid space even without nicotine stimulation. METHODS: In order to determine whether cultured bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells transplanted in the spinal cord can produce analgesic effects, we purified adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and implanted them into the subarachnoid space of rats' (n = 10) spinal cord without immunosuppression, and investigated the hot sensitivity of rats' hind-paw by a light-beam test. RESULTS: It was found that compared with the control group, hot response latency of the group which received adrenal medullary chromaffin cells had increased at 14 days and the analgesic efficacy was maintained for at least 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells transplanted in the rats' spinal cord may provide a permanent and locally available source of neuropeptides for the relief of intractable pain. Furthermore, these kinds of analgesic effect even produced without any stimulation such as nicotine.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Analgesics, Opioid , Cell Transplantation , Chromaffin Cells , Chronic Pain , Immunosuppression Therapy , Neuropeptides , Nicotine , Pain, Intractable , Reaction Time , Spinal Cord , Subarachnoid Space , TransplantsABSTRACT
Objective To study the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of Rhizoma Zingiberis alcoholic Extract (RZE) and to explore its in-vitro antibacterial actions. Methods Auricular swelling method in mice, typhoid and paratyphoid vaccines-induced fever in rabbits and bodytwisting test in mice were used respectively to observe the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of RZE. Results RZE could inhibit xylene-induced auricular swelling and bodytwisting response reaction induced by acetic acid in mice; RZE also reduce the vaccines-induced fever in rabbits. MIC of RZE for 8 bacterial strains ranged 13.5 mg/mL to 432 mg/mL. Conclusion RZE has a significant anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects and exert in-vitro antibacterial action.
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The effects of spindle afferents activated by stretching gastrocnemius on the nociceptive responses of WDR neurons were recorded extracellularly with microelectrode and observed in paralyzed rats. The results indicated that in 51/80, the spindle afferent activity activated by stretching can inhibit nociceptive responses of neurons. 16 out of 80 neurons no effects can be observed, in 13/80 the effects of spindle afferent activity can excite the nociceptive responses of WDR neurons. Among 51 units, which have inhibitory effects induced by stretching muscle, the inhibitory effects induced by instance and bilateral stretching are stronger than that induced by continuous and unilateral stretching. These results suggested that spindle afferent activity is possesaed of analgesic effects.