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ObjectiveTo establish the clinical comprehensive evaluation index system for Chinese patent medicine（CPM） based on Evidence and Value：Impact on DEcisionMaking（EVIDEM） framework， so as to promote the scientific， systematic and standardized implementation of clinical comprehensive evaluation of CPM. MethodThe clinical comprehensive evaluation index system was determined through literature review， semi-structured interview and Delphi method， and the weights of each index were clarified by analytic hierarchy process（AHP）. ResultThe recovery rates of both rounds of expert consultation were 100%， and the authority coefficient of experts was 0.90 and 0.905， respectively. Kendall's coordination coefficients（W） of the second- and third-level indicators in the first-round consultation were 0.320 and 0.283（P<0.001）， and in the second round were 0.411 and 0.351， respectively（P<0.001）. The finally constructed clinical comprehensive evaluation index system for CPM included 6 first-level indicators， 13 second-level indicators and 28 third-level indicators. Among the first-level indicators， the weights of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility were 37.34%， 32.68%， 11.85%， 5.87%， 5.79% and 6.47%， respectively. ConclusionThis study has constructed a universal clinical comprehensive evaluation index system for CPM， and the domain and criteria are introduced and interpreted in detail， which can provide reference and information for carrying out the clinical comprehensive evaluation of CPM， but it needs to be refined and improved in combination with the clinical practice of CPM for specialized diseases.
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Clinical expertise, patient preference, and the best evidence are the three elements of evidence-based medicine. Based on high-level and high-quality evidence, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the prescribing decisions of physicians is beneficial to improving clinical efficacy. A mature methodological system is available for the retrieval, analysis, summary, evaluation, and recommendation of the evidence, but there are still few studies on physicians' prescribing decisions. How to analyze the trend of physicians' prescribing decisions based on the priority ranking in addition and subtraction of prescriptions? Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is a method for decision making, which arranges the elements of the decision problem into overall goal, criteria, and operational sub-criteria, and uses the matrix eigenvector method to solve the problem. This study aims to analyze the priority of physicians' prescribing decisions for diabetes mellitus with deficiency of both Qi and Yin based on AHP. To be specific, a database of diabetes mellitus cases with deficiency of both Qi and Yin was established and AHP was used to yield the priority ranking of Chinese patent medicine prescriptions in specific clinical scenarios. In the selected cases of diabetes mellitus with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, Xiaoke Pills was the best prescription for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(deficiency of both Qi and Yin)(normalized=0.388), followed by Liuwei Dihuang Pills(normalized=0.269), Qishen Capsules(normalized=0.230), and Shengmai Injection(normalized=0.113). According to the analysis the available data, for type 2 diabetes mellitus(deficiency of both Qi and Yin), Xiaoke Pills was the most effective prescription in specific scenarios. When the physicians' prescribing decisions are consistent with the evidence, quantitative analysis of physicians' cognition will boost the evidence-based medical decision-making. However, the research results are also affected by the quality of literature, evidence level and priority, which are thus have some limitations. It is recommended that further small data research based on individual cases be carried out to lay a evidence-based basis for the clinical decision-making of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Humans , Analytic Hierarchy Process , China , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Drug Prescriptions , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Qi , Syndrome , Yin Deficiency/drug therapyABSTRACT
Objective To establish a scientific and objective evaluation model of the comprehensive performance of immunocolloidal gold qualitative rapid detection kits, and to provide a reference for the overall evaluation of similar products. Methods Based on the various factors affecting the performance of qualitative rapid detection kits, a comprehensive performance evaluation index system consisting of 4 first-level indicators and 18 second-level indicators was constructed.The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method were combined to determine the weights for the evaluation indicators and graded thresholds.The model was then used to evaluate the performance level of 6 brands of furazolidone metabolite rapid test kits. Results According to maximum membership degree principle, the evaluation of brand A, B, C, D, E and F were graded as good, excellent, middle, excellent, middle and excellent, respectively.Then the scores of 6 brands were calculated according to the hundred-mark system, and brand B had the highest score.This was consistent with the actual use experience. Conclusion The application of this model can make the evaluation results more comprehensive and accurate, providing reference for rational evaluation and selection of qualitative rapid detection kits.
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Objective:To optimize the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen with the specific process parameters, and verify the obtained processing technology by pharmacodynamic research, so as to provide experimental basis for the standardized production and quality control of this decoction pieces. Method:Taking composite score of appearance character score, dry extract yield and contents of three components (geniposidic acid, acteoside and isoacteoside) as index, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-criteria importance through intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) mixed weighting method was used to determine the weight coefficient of each index. Based on single factor tests, the response surface method was used to investigate the effects of frying time, frying temperature, salt amount and water amount on the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen, and the processing technology was verified by diuretic experiment with furosemide tablets as the positive drug (administration dose of 0.01 g·kg-1). Result:The weight coefficients of geniposidic acid content, acteoside content, appearance character score, isoacteoside content and dry extract yield were 0.319, 0.193, 0.207, 0.273 and 0.008, respectively. The optimal process parameters were as following：fried at 150-180 ℃ for 10 min (obtained from the single factor tests), 100 g of Plantaginis Semen sprayed evenly with 2 g of salt (2 g of salt dissolved in 20 mL of water), and fried at 150-180 ℃ for 15 min. Compared with the blank group, both of the raw products group and the salt-processed products group could significantly increase the secretion of urine volume (P<0.01), but the excretion of Na+ in the urine of rats in the salt-processed products group was significantly higher than that in the raw products group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The optimized processing technology is simple and feasible, which can provide reference for standardizing the industrial production of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen. At the same time, combined with inherent quality and appearance of the salt-processed products, and verified by pharmacodynamic test, the obtained results are reasonable and reliable, which can be used for quality control of this decoction pieces.
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Objective:To build a comprehensive medical, teaching, and research discipline indicators system that is objective and easily accessible in data, and to develop a comprehensive evaluation method, at the same time provide references for discipline evaluation and orientation.Methods:Literature review was used in referring to the evaluation indicators of different ranking systems in China, Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) were applied to identify the indicators and their weight.Results:A comprehensive discipline evaluation indicator system, including 3 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 41 third-level indicators, were constructed. The Cartesian coordinates allows for specifying the location of the medical, teaching, research level of certain discipline, and the distribution of relevant discipline groups in three-dimensional space.Conclusions:The indicators system for discipline evaluation in this study has the characteristics of refinedness, comprehensiveness, operability, and applicability, providing references for the future evaluation of disciplines.
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Abstract Governments and private companies have increased efforts to identify effective actions for improving energy efficiency in manufacturing processes. The objective of this work is to improve the decision-making process by increasing the quality of information related to energy indicators in the food industry. This research involves developing a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify energy efficiency indicators in the food industry, which serve as inputs for a sectoral evaluation based on multicriteria techniques. The SLR identified six criteria evaluated by food industry experts, which form the proposed basis for evaluating the performance of related sectors. These criteria are: benchmarks, key performance indicators, framework, monitoring, ISO 50001, and information communication technologies (ICTs) in sectoral evaluations. The criteria were evaluated by experts using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which prioritizes the most important food industry issues using an evaluation scale. Weights were attributed to each issue and positioned according to the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) to evaluate each sector by the identified criteria. The evaluated criteria are applicable to the three sectors surveyed, with emphasis on the beverage sector. Among the evaluated criteria, ICTs were highlighted by Industry 4.0 as a concern for the food sector.
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Food Industry , Analytic Hierarchy Process , Task Performance and Analysis , BenchmarkingABSTRACT
Objective The extraction process of Shenxi Oral Liquid by exploring the optional extraction process parameters based on determining the index weight. Methods Using the contents of cyasterone, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, panaxadiol, ratio of dry extraction, total polysaccharides, and total peak area as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the weighting coefficient in eight synthetic evaluation indexes was determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method, and mixed weighted AHP-CRITIC. Compared mixed weighting method and single weighting method, the optimal parameters of compound extraction process were optimized by orthogonal test. Results Mixed weighted AHP-CRITIC was more scientific, reasonable, and comprehensive than the single weighting method. According to the weighting coefficient determined by comprehensive evaluation, the optimal process parameters were as follow: compound herbs plus nine times of water, extracting three times, each for 80 min. The mean of three batches of comprehensive evaluation was 99.06 and RSD value was 0.18%. Conclusion AHP combined with CRITIC could be used to establish weighting coefficient of the compound formula extraction process and the optimized process of extraction had been verified to be reasonable, stable, and reproducible, which could be used for industrial production.
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Objective: To optimize the processing technology for prepared Chuanxiong Rhizoma by D-optimal response surface methodology with comprehensive weighted of multi-index. Methods: The single factor experiment was used to optimize the dilution ratio and the moistened time of rice wine. Then, based on the contents of five main components (ferulic acid, ligustilide, senkyunolide A, senkyunolide I, and 3-butylidenephthalide), the D-optimal response surface methodology was used to optimize the rice wine dosage, stir-fried temperature, and stir-fried time in the processing technology for prepared Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Results: The optimal processing technology for prepared Chuanxiong Rhizoma was mixed with 20% rice wine, moistened for 75 min, and stir-fried for 12 min at 156 ℃. Also, it was found that the contents of senkyunolide A, senkyunolide I, and 3-butylidenephthalide in prepared Chuanxiong Rhizoma had increased, and it should be associated with processing. Conclusion: The processing technology for prepared Chuanxiong Rhizoma optimized by D-optimal response surface methodology with comprehensive weighted of multi-index can be used to optimize the process parameters, promote the stability and repeatability of the processing technology, which can significantly control the inner quality of prepared Chuanxiong Rhizoma to ensure effectiveness in clinical application.
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Objective:To establish an evaluation index system and quantitative method of evidence-based selec-tion of essential medicines in China and use Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to construct the weight of the in-dex. Methods:Through the expert consultation method,the initial index system was established,after the experts ar-gument on the matrix of every two points, adjust the indicators, build the final index system, and then through the AHP,by the experts to determine the weight of the indicators. Results:Based on the literature study and expert con-sultation,the evaluation index system and its weight of the selection criteria of the basic drug were established. There are 8 indexes in the first-level indicators and the weight distribution was from high to low,the efficacy,safety,clini-cal guideline recommendation,quality reliability,economy,ease of use,list included,and availability. The second-ary indicators include 18 indexes. To improve the operability,the first level indicators are adjusted while the second level indicators are refined simultaneously. Conclusion:The index evaluation system determined by expert argumenta-tion and analytic hierarchy process in this study can be used to evaluate the medicines listed in the essential drug list and provide evidence for selection of essential medicines in China. It has certain theoretical feasibility. The empirical research shows that the index also has practical operability and can be improved.
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The paper builds the evaluation index system of university library self-built database service performance through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP),introduces the building principle,hierarchical structure and index weight,and evaluates the self-built database service performance of the library of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine through Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) based on this evaluation system.The evaluation result is basically consistent with the actual situation,which verifies the scientificity and operability of this index system.
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Objective To explore the reasonable construction of the bilingual teaching training mode for medical professional teachers so as to improve the effectiveness of the bilingual teacher training,promote the development of faculties and the quality of bilingual teaching in colleges and universities.Methods First,need analysis was done on 45 medical teachers who had taught medical scienc.e in English or intended to do it in Third Military Medical University and four basic modules were formed lectures in class,one on one instruction,self training,simulation teaching.Lectures in class are related to how to improve students' ability of language,make PPT and design teaching plans.One on one instruction focuses on pronunciation,lecture notes writing in English,trial teaching and teaching attitude;self training includes human-computer interaction in listening and speaking,independent preparation for lessons and video learning;simulation teaching is composed of trial lecture in class,teacher-student comments and demo lessons.Then 3 students participating the training was investigated and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to calculate the weights of every indices.Results Primary index weights are:0.490 for one-on-one tutoring;0.240 for simulated teaching;0.180 for having English lessons;0.082 for independent learning.Weights of secondary indices are as the following.Trial teaching,the lecture notes writing in English and the training for English pronunciation and teachers' classroom language which are subordinate to the primary index of one-on-one tutoring are 0.180 0,0.150 0 and 0.096 0 respectively;teachers' comments and peer feed-back and demo class under the primary indices of simulated teaching are 0.120 0 and 0.091 0.Conclusion In order to improve the teaching ability in English,it is necessary to strengthen the one-onone tutoring for medical professional teachers,highlight English teachers' comments and peer assessment and excavate the effect of demo classes in the training program.
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The objectives of this study were to assign reasonability to importance of weight selection issue in key performance indicator for performance evaluation of Centers for Child-care Foodservice Management (CCFSM) developed by using Balanced Scorecard (BSC), to draw key performance indicator (KPI) by perspective and to analyze differences in recognition on importance. From September 25 to October 9, 2012, we conducted a questionnaire-based study via e-mail, targeting chiefs and team leaders of nationwide 21 CCFSMs (43 persons), officials of local governments where CCFSM was established (21 persons), officials of Korea Food and Drug Administration (2 persons) and foodservice management experts (27 persons) in order to estimate the relative importance on 4 perspectives and 14 KPIs and analyzed its results by using 61 collected data. The results showed that relative importance of perspectives was estimated in order of importance as follows: business performance (0.3519), customer (0.3393), resource (0.1557), learning and growth (0.1531). Relative importance of KPIs was in order of importance as follows: Evaluation of sanitary management level in childcare foodservice facilities (0.1327), Level of customer recognition and behavior improvement (0.1153), performances of round visiting inspection on foodservice, sanitary, safety management, and foodservice consulting (0.0913). Our results showed that the recognition differences exist on the relative importance of perspectives and KPIs between officials of CCFSM, KFDA, local government and foodservice management experts. These observations will form the basis for developing evaluation systems, and it is considered that performance indicators developed on this basis will suggest direction of operation which CCFSM will have to perform.
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Commerce , Electronic Mail , Korea , Learning , Local Government , Safety Management , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
Objective To structure a preliminary indicators system for evaluating the projects of Hospital in finished phase.Methods With Delphi method,collect the experts' opinion of the importance of every item.With AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) method,calculate the weight coefficient of every item.Results The positivity of the experts was fine; The authority coefficient of two rounds were 0.859 and 0.833,the consultation results are reliable; The coordination coefficient of two rounds were 0.254 and 0.553,according to the significance test,p values were less than 0.05,indicating that the results were desirable.According to the score of every item,we got the weight index of every items based on the AHP method.Finally we structure the indicators system including 3 primary indicators and 10 secondary indicators.Conclusion The preliminary results of this study provide a reference for the performance evaluation of projects in finished phase of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.