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RESUMEN Introducción: Los análisis en el sitio de atención (POCT, por sus siglas en ingles Point-of-care testing) son pruebas de diagnóstico clínico llevadas a cabo fuera de los espacios específicamente diseñados para los análisis clínicos, que proporcionan resultados rápidos que mejoran la oportunidad en la toma de decisiones médicas. En Colombia no hay información sobre su uso y desempeño en grupos etarios específicos como los de los hogares de ancianos en Colombia. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño de un analizador POCT para perfil lipídico (CT, LDL-c, HDL-c, TG) y glicemia con relación a los resultados de los métodos convencionales rutinarios del laboratorio clínico en un hogar de ancianos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se tomaron 52 residentes a quienes se les tomaron muestras pareadas (punción venosa y digital). Se usó un instrumento estandarizado para la descripción de las características deseadas del POCT. Se aplicó estadística univariada y bivariada. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 78, rango 64-91 años. El POCT mostró un desempeño aceptable frente a los métodos convencionales del laboratorio clínico, especialmente TG y HDL-c. Sin embargo, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los resultados de glicemia, CT y LDL-c entregados por el POCT en comparación con los del laboratorio clínico. Conclusiones: La POCT puede ser una opción importante para tamizaje y control de enfermedades crónicas en hogares de ancianos. Sin embargo, es necesario una estructura organizacional que garantice la calidad de las mediciones del POCT. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2): 9-18.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Point-of-care testing (POCT) are clinical diagnostic tests carried out than laboratory analysts, outside of spaces specifically designed for clinical analysis, and they provide quick results that improve the timeliness of medical decision making. In Colombia there is no information on its use and performance in specific age groups such as those in nursing homes. Objective: To evaluate the performance of a POCT analyzer for lipid profile (CT, LDL-c, HDL-c, TG) and glycemia in relation to the results of routine conventional methods of the clinical laboratory in a nursing home. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional. 52 residents were taken to whom paired samples were applied. Glucose and lipid levels were determined. Samples collected by fingerstick were analyzed by POCT and venipuncture by conventional methods certified by the CDC in the laboratory. A standardized instrument was used to describe the desired characteristics of the POCT. Univariate and bivariate statistics were applied. The results issued by the clinical reference laboratory were compared with those of the POCT through the ICC. Results: The average age of the participants was 78, range 64-91 years. The POCT showed an acceptable performance compared to conventional clinical laboratory methods, especially TG and HDL-c. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the results of glycemia, CT and LDL-c delivered by the POCT compared to those of the clinical laboratory. Conclusions: POCT can be an important option for chronic disease screening and management in nursing homes. However, an organizational structure is necessary to ensure the quality of the POCT measurements. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2): 9-18.
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , Health Services for the AgedABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Concepts of sustainability have received attention from people involved in investigation of nature-derived matrices. The effects of concomitant pollutant activities are cumulative and harmful to the environment from which these matrices are obtained. High performance liquid chromatography analyses generate millions of litters of chemical waste worldwide every year. Reduction of organic solvent consumption during the analyses and replacement of harmful solvents with greener options are the main approaches to mitigate this problem. This work explored the strategy of employing monolithic columns when the problematic acetonitrile is intended to be replaced with the greener but more viscous ethanol in fingerprinting a leaf extract of Lippia sidoides Cham., Verbenaceae, by high performance liquid chromatography. Two monolithic columns were coupled in series to test a more critical backpressure condition while doubling the number of theoretical plates, which can be useful to separate the hundreds of compounds present in plant extracts. All work was conducted by employing design of experiments. A mathematical model indicated an optimum point in which ethanol was the only organic solvent of the mobile phase. However, the use of a proper metric, which considered environmental parameters together with separation parameters, evidenced that an experimental condition of the original central composite design should be preferred over the former even if containing 20% acetonitrile in the organic modifier mixture. Flow rates of up to 3 ml/min were accommodated with two coupled monolithic columns without exceeding 250 bar. These findings reinforced that no state-of-the-art instruments are needed to shift from traditional harmful solvents to greener ones, but only require a shift in researchers' approach toward sustainability.
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Objective To investigate the application of of Gaussian 09/GuassView 5.0 in spectra teaching in Analytical Chemistry.Method Undergraduates of Pharmaceutical Science in 2014 grade of Kunming Medical University were selected to teach with a method with the help of Gaussian 09/GuassView 5.0 soft.Calculations of UV spectra,IR spectra and NMR spectra of compounds were introduced to make better understanding in the learning of relative knowledge points.The teaching effect was evaluated by the comparison of theoretical exam results of 2013 grade which didn't use soft.Result The theoretical test results showed that the scoring averages of the 2014 grade in UV,IR and NMR spectra were significantly higher than that in 2013 grade (P＜0.05).Conclusion Gaussian 09/GuassView 5.0 can visualize the nonobjective knowledge,and imporve the students' interesting,thus improving the efficiency of teaching and learning.
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Objective To rapidly identify the chemical components in a traditional Chinese compound herbal preparation Babao Dan by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flightmass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/ MS). Methods A formula database including 547 compounds was developed by Agilent software " Formula-Database Generator”. The total ion chromatograms of the Baboo Dan extracts were obtained by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and the chemical components were identified by automatic matching method according to the exact mass-to-charge ratio of each chemical component The chemical components of Baboo Dan was further verified using the secondary fragment ion obtained by adjusting the secondary monitor voltage of Q-TOF/MS. The separation was performed on a Waters Xbridge BEH C18 column (2.1 mm X 100 mm, 2.5 μm). The mobile phase composing of acetonitrile (A) and 0.5% formic acid aqueous solution (B) was used for gradient eluting (0-5 min, 5% A; 5-25 min, 5%-95% A; 25-30 min, 95% A). The temperature of column was 25°C; the flowing rate was 0.8 mL/min; and the post-column spit ratio was 2:1. The Q-TOF/MS and electro spray ion source (ESI) were applied for qualitative analysis under positive and negative ion mode, with the mass scan range being m/z 100-1 500. The capillary voltage was 3 500 V under positive ion mode and 4 000 V under negative ion mode, and the range of collision energy of MS2 was 10-40 eV. Results UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified a total of 78 chemical components from Babao Dnn, including saponins, bile acids, amino acids and so on. Conclusion A rapid and efficient method for identifying the chemicaf components of Babao Dan by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS has been established, and the chemical components of Babao Dan has been clarified, which lays a foundation for the quality control and further pharmacological study of Babao Dan.
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BACKGROUND: A handheld blood gas analyser has been newly developed for mobile monitoring of blood gasses and electrolytes. We evaluated the performance of a portable blood gas analyser, Epoc(TM) (Epocal Inc., Canada) according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines, and compared it to that of a conventional analyser used in clinical laboratories. METHODS: Precision and percent carry-over were determined using three levels of aqueous and hematocrit control materials according to CLSI EP10-A3. Linearity was determined using five levels of control materials according to CLSI EP6-A. The pH, pCO2, pO2, Na+, K+, Ca2+, glucose, lactate, and hematocrit levels were compared between the Epoc(TM) and Stat Profile Critical Care Xpress (STP CCX; Nova Biomedical, USA) analysers using whole blood samples from 40 subjects according to CLSI EP9-A2. RESULTS: The coefficient of variation of the within-run precision and total precision were 0.000% to 4.563% and 0.000% to 5.298%, respectively. The carry-over was within 5%. The Epoc(TM) analyser showed excellent linearity for all nine parameters evaluated. For the comparison study, the Epoc(TM) and conventional analysers showed comparable results (correlation coefficient [r]=0.900-0.995), except for hematocrit (r=0.764). CONCLUSIONS: The Epoc(TM) POC analyser shows reliable analytical precision and is comparable to the traditional bench-top blood gas analysers. It could be useful in clinical settings, especially in operating rooms and pediatric intensive care units.
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Blood Gas Analysis , Critical Care , Electrolytes , Glucose , Hematocrit , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Lactic Acid , Operating Rooms , Point-of-Care SystemsABSTRACT
Objective: To develop methods for determining the disintegration time of oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of Chinese herbal drug, and to select the evaluation method with good reproducibility, resolving power, and in vivo and in vitro correlation. Methods: Several placebo ODTs and Chinese herbal drug ODTs were prepared. Their in vitro disintegration time was determined by self-developed method and routine methods, and the results were compared with the oral disintegration time. The reproducibility, resolving power, and the correlation between in vivo and in vitro of those methods were evaluated. Results = Different determination methods obtained different disintegration results of the same tablet. Graduated cylinder and improved disintegration apparatus both had shortcomings and their determination results were very different from that of the oral disintegration time. Our self-developed disintegration device could better determine the disintegration ability of the ODTs, and the result was closer to the oral disintegration time, with clear end point of disintegration and better reproducibility, resolving power, and the in vivo and in vitro correlation compared with other methods. Conclusion: Our self-developed device is suitable to determine in vitro disintegration time of ODTs, and may serve as a reference for quality control of ODTs.
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BACKGROUND: Point-of-care (POC) tests are used increasingly due to fast results and simple test procedures, which enables rapid diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. We evaluated the performance of the Piccolo xpress Chemistry Analyzer (Abaxis, USA) a POC chemistry analyzer. METHODS: Fourteen analytes, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, total carbon dioxide, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, total protein, and glucose; were measured simultaneously with a 100 microliter of whole blood sample using a Comprehensive Metabolic Reagent disk. Within-run and total precision and linearity were evaluated according to CLSI EP15-A and EP6-A guidelines, respectively. Comparison with a central laboratory chemistry analyzer was performed using 144 patient samples. RESULTS: The coefficients of variations of within-run and total precision were all within 5% for three levels except for total carbon dioxide, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and creatinine in low level, and creatinine in middle level. The results of 14 analytes were linear within a commonly encountered range in clinical samples (r2> or =0.98). More than 10% of samples in Na+, AST, ALT, glucose, BUN did not satisfy CLIA analytical quality requirement. CONCLUSIONS: The Piccolo xpress Chemistry Analyzer can analyze multiple analytes with a minimal amount of whole blood in a short time. It showed an acceptable performance for precision, linearity and comparison with central laboratory analyzer. It can be useful as a screening tests modality in mobile clinics, ambulances, and field clinics for military use, and for pediatric patients from whom enough sample volume is difficult to obtain.
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Humans , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Bilirubin/blood , Blood Chemical Analysis/instrumentation , Blood Glucose/analysis , Calcium/blood , Carbon Dioxide/blood , Chlorides/blood , Creatinine/blood , Point-of-Care Systems , Potassium/blood , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Serum Albumin/analysis , Sodium/bloodABSTRACT
The analytical chemistry is the specialized fundamental course of medical laboratory major.To the higher vocational students,it is an experiment operation technique,so to introduce the pattern based on the work process curriculum is helpful to the deconstruction and reorganization of analytical chemistry curriculum,and can stimulate students'study interest enormously and get good teaching effect.
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Network labs built with virtual instruments promote the reform of the teaching concept. They also improve the network teaching and reduce the cost of teaching. The application of virtual instruments in the hygiene analytical chemistry network teaching is very necessary.
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A series of reforms on the teaching of analytical chemistry experiment has been carried out in accordance with the characteristics of medicine examination and the actuality,which includes the content of course,the teaching method,and the inspection method.Good results have been achieved in the aspect of development of students' comprehensive quality and practical ability.
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This paper aims at investigating the content of classroom-texture of the teaching cases in analytical chemistry and the basic patterns in the organization aching.Case-study method adopted in the teaching of analytical chemistry can help to train students' ability of analyzing and solving practical problems,hence motivating their comprehensive qualities.
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The present situation and problems in experiment teaching of analytical chemistry were explained,and innovation was explored and practiced in the faculty of laboratory medicine,including the opitimization of teaching contents,teaching methods and score system evaluation reformation.
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This article introduces the reforming contents of the analytical chemistry experiments according to the characteristic of speciality of pharmacy,traditional chinese pharmacology and clinical pharmacy and the questions existing in analytical chemistry experiments.And the reformetion is mainly from experiment teaching contents,teaching methods and means,experiment teaching material,experiment test and teachers troops.
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We may conclude that, in the analyses presented in the enclosed table, besides the natural existence in the same bearing, a great oscillation in every percentage: 1) the samples with quantity in MgO up to 3%, represent 58,59%, of the total analyses; from 3 to 5, 7,62%; from 5 to 10, 6,77%; and above 10, 33,05%. 2) with quantity insoluble up to 5%, 54,23%; from to 10, 16,10%; and above 10, 27, 96%. 3) of the analyses in which the dosage was made of the MnO, 47,27% gave negative result. 4) with the exception of the larger part of the white calcareous, every other one contain graphitic carbon. 5) the calcareous found in the Itaiacoca region, Ponta Grossa County, besides the mixture of magnesium silicate, there an Mg (OH)² in variable quantities. 6) although some samples found in large bearing have presented good purity, it is necessary a complete rigorous study of the samples, according to the purpose, for there exist in them a large variety, mainly in MgO. 7) due to the fact that the analyses were made with material largely send to this Instituto, the percentages figured in the above items refer only to the samples mentioned, and not an average in the State of Paraná..
Apesar da natural existência de grande oscilação em todos os teores, em uma mesma jazida, das análises expostas na tabela anexa podemos concluir que: 1) as amostras com teor MgO até 3%, representam 52,58% do total das análises; de 3 até 5, 7,62%; de 5 até 10, 6,77%; e acima de 10, 33,05%. 2) com teor em insolúvel até 5%, 54,23%; de 5 até 10, 16,10%; e acima de 10, 27,96%. 3) das análises em que se fez a dosagem do MnO, 47,27% deram resultado negativo. 4) com exceção da maior parte dos calcáreos brancos, todos os outros contém carbono grafítico. 5) os calcáreos da zona de Itaiacoca, Município de Ponta Grossa, além da mistura com silicato de magnésio, estão acompanhados de Mg (OH)² em teores variáveis. 6) apesar de algumas amostras de grandes jazidas apresentarem boa pureza, mister se torna um estudo rigoroso e completo das mesmas, de acordo com a finalidade, pois nelas existe grande variação, principalmente quanto ao MgO. 7) em virtude de terem sido as análises feitas em material na sua maioria enviado a este Instituto, as porcentagens calculadas nos itens acima referem-se somente às mesmas, não representando uma média no Estado.