ABSTRACT
A micropropagação de anonáceas poderá contribuir para a obtenção de plantios mais homogêneos e a inserção de novas espécies em sistemas produtivos. Entretanto, plantas cultivadas in vitro freqüentemente exibem alterações anatômicas e sua quantificação poderá auxiliar na obtenção de protocolos de cultivo mais eficientes. Realizou-se neste trabalho o estudo comparativo da anatomia foliar de seis espécies de anonáceas cultivadas in vitro e em casa de vegetação. Annona coriacea foi a única espécie que não apresentou variação na densidade e na dimensão dos estômatos quando cultivada in vitro, enquanto que, Annona bahiensis, Annona glabra, Annona squamosa e Rolinia silvatica apresentaram aumento na densidade estomática e na redução na espessura das epidermes foliares nesse tipo de cultivo.
Micropropagation of Annonaceae can produce homogeneous plants and bring new species into commercial production. Plants cultivated in vitro, however, frequently demonstrate anatomical alterations, and the quantification of these changes should aid in determining more efficient culture protocols. The present work undertook a comparative study of the leaf anatomy of six species of Annonaceae cultivated in vitro and in greenhouses. Annona coriacea was the only species that did not show variations in the density or the dimensions of their stomata when cultivated in vitro, while Annona bahiensis, Annona glabra, Annona squamosa, and Rolinia silvatica demonstrated increases in leaf stomatal density and a reduction of the leaf epidermis under these conditions.
ABSTRACT
Objective To sum up the experiences of diagnosis,treatment and medical evaluation of the anatomical abnormalities in nasal cavity(AANC,including deviation of nasal septum and turbinate hypertrophy) in aircrew.Methods Case data of 91 pilots with CANC were analyzed.The classification and typing of AANC and secondary barotraumas associated with typing of AANC were studied.Results There were 50 cases of class I AANC(with symptoms or signs on ground),41 cases of class II(no symptoms or signs on ground but with symptoms of secondary barotraumas in flight,including IIa 10 cases:with symptoms of secondary barosinusitis,IIb 26 cases:with symptoms of secondary barotrauma of ear,IIc 5 cases:with symptoms of secondary barosinusitis and barotrauma of ear after flying).For the typing of AANC,there were 41 cases of nasal septum deviation,29 cases of inferior turbinate hypertrophy,8 cases of middle turbinate hypertrophy,and 13 cases of nasal septum deviation and turbinate hypertrophy.85 cases were still in a qualified position to continue their flying job,1 pilot was transferred from fighter to transport pilot,2 pilots were temporarily grounded,and 3 were permanently grounded.Conclusions AANC is very common in aircrew.AANC in aircrew is classified and typed according to the effect of gas pressure adjustment functions of ear and nasal sinus.The classification and typing are of important implication in clinical aviation medicine.Medical workers must unify the qualification criteria in selection for air candidates,and also in diagnosis,treatment,medical evaluation of disease in aircrew.This is an important measure to improve the health quality and ensure combat effectiveness for the air force.