Análisis retrospectivo de perfil microbiológico y resistencia antimicrobiana en infección urinaria pediátrica de hospitales públicos de Quito-Ecuador

Objetivo: Determinar el perfil microbiológico y resistencia antimicrobiana en infección urinaria en niños. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional y multicéntrico. Se estudiaron 445 urocultivos procesados y los resultados de antibiogramas en tres hospitales públicos de Quito (Ecuador). En relación con los agentes causales se establecieron frecuencias absolutas y proporciones. En el análisis bivariable entre el antecedente de malformación renal o de la vía urinaria y el riesgo de infección, se aplicó el test Chi2 (p < 0,05) y la RP [IC 95 %; p < 0,05]. Resultados: Se evidenció una resistencia ante aminopenicilinas del 73,5 %; ampicilina más sulbactam 31,8 %; trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol 55,5 %; cefalosporinas de primera y segunda generación hasta 33 %; cefalosporinas de tercera y cuarta generación del 21,3 al 47 %. Ante malformación urinaria y aislamiento de bacterias diferentes a Escherichia coli, se identificó a Klebsiella pneumoniae RP 2,66 [IC 95 %, 1,9-3,6; p < 0,05] y Pseudomonas aeruginosa RP 2,07 [IC 95 %, 1,2-3,5; p < 0,05]. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, ante el diagnóstico de infección urinaria, no parece adecuado iniciar tratamiento antibiótico con aminopenicilinas, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol ni cefalosporinas de primera a cuarta generaciones por su elevada resistencia. La presencia de malformación urinaria se asocia a infección por bacterias diferentes de Escherichia coli.

Objective: Determine the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility in urinary infection in children. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and multicenter study. 445 urine cultures and the results of antibiograms were studied in three public hospitals in Quito (Ecuador). In relation to the causal agents, absolute frequencies and proportions were established. In the bivariate analysis, Chi-squared test (p < 0.05) and PR [CI 95 %; p < 0.05] were applied between history of kidney or urinary tract malformation and risk of infection. Results: There was evidence of resistance to aminopenicillins of 73.5 %; ampicillin plus sulbactam 31.8 %; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 55.5 %; first and second generation cephalosporins up to 33 %; resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins from 21.3 to 47%. In relation to urinary malformation and the isolate of a bacteria different from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae PR 2,66 [CI 95 %, 1.9-3.6; p < 0.05] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR 2.07 [CI 95 %, 1.2-3.5; p < 0.05] were identified. Conclusions: In our locality it wouldn't be appropriate to start antibiotic treatment with aminopenicillins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or first to fourth generation cephalosporins in urinary tract infection due to their resistance. The presence of urinary malformation is associated with infection by bacteria other than Escherichia coli.

Research progress on sensitivity, resistance and mechanism of plague infected animals to Yersinia pestis / 中华地方病学杂志

The sensitivity and resistance of host animals to Yersinia pestis are different among species and regions, and the indicator animals have natural resistance to Yersinia pestis. This article reviews the research progress on sensitivity, resistance and mechanism of plague infected animals to Yersinia pestis, in order to help improve the ecological research of plague and the prevention and control of plague.

Two Cases of Abdominal Distension Successfully Treated with Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Abdominal distension is one of the common symptoms and can cause abdominal pain and anorexia, which may raise adverse effect on general well-being and quality of life. In Western medicine, there are specialized treatments for structural lesions associated with abdominal distension, but functional abdominal distension is often difficult to treat. There have been some reports of Kampo medicine for treatment of abdominal distension, but no case reports on tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto. We experienced two cases of abdominal distension successfully treated with tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto. Case 1 was 86-year-old woman who developed abdominal distension with frequent belching. Case 2 was 59-year-old man who developed abdominal distension associated with opioid. Regulating qi medicine was not effective for abdominal distension in both cases. Both cases had reversal coldness of the extremities, tympanic sounds of abdomen, coldness of abdomen, and inguinal tenderness and resistance. Therefore, we diagnosed them as tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto sho. After administration of tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto, in Case 1, the frequency of belching decreased and the appetite increased with the improvement of abdominal distension. In Case 2, increasing the dose of goshuyu in tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto relieved abdominal distension. Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto can be effective for abdominal distension with interior cold pattern.

A Case of Anorexia and Drooling Improved by Targeting “Excessive Saliva Secretion” Using Bushirichuto / 日本東洋医学雑誌

A 65-year-old man, with a history of surgery for esophagogastric junction cancer in X-3, was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in our hospital in March for anorexia that had developed since January X. The patient was diagnosed with adhesive small bowel obstruction, and underwent surgery to relieve the obstruction in early May. However, his symptoms did not improve, and he was referred to our department in mid-June. His drooling was considered to be due to “excessive saliva secretion.” He started taking a decoction of bushirichuto for epigastric discomfort and resistance and coldness of the hands and feet. On the 5th day, he started to feel more energetic, and on the 8th day, his saliva production decreased. Furthermore, on the 12th day, his sense of taste and appetite improved. As the oral intake increased, tube feeding could be reduced and rehabilitation progressed ; from an almost bedridden state, he was able to walk continuously for 150 m with a cane. On the 29th day, he was transferred to a chronic care hospital. His weight increased from 34.1 kg, when he was referred to our department, to 39.7 kg at the discharge time. Anorexia and drooling, which had otherwise continued for 5 months, were improved within a short period of time by using bushirichuto.

Archivos comunitarios y de derechos humanos como una apuesta por la memoria, la verdad y la resistencia / Community and Human Rights Archives as a Commitment to Memory, Truth, and Resistance

Resumen La reconstrucción de saberes sobre archivos comunitarios de derechos humanos y memoria es de vital importancia para los procesos de transición en países marcados por el conflicto armado como Colombia. Es preciso dar cuenta de procesos pedagógicos realizados por organizaciones de víctimas que diseñaron de manera participativa planes de gestión de archivos comunitarios y que contribuyeron a potenciar las nuevas narrativas de paz y preparar a las organizaciones y comunidades para articular sus experiencias territoriales como una manera de narrar para sus propios territorios, así como para establecer un diálogo con las instancias de justicia y de memoria en Colombia en los escenarios de justicia transicional en ámbitos rurales y urbanos. Se han tomado los casos: Comuna 3 en Medellín y los municipios de Granada e Ituango (Antioquia).

Abstract The reconstruction of knowledge on community archives of human rights and memory is of vital importance for transition processes in countries marked by armed conflict, such as Colombia. It is necessary to account for pedagogical processes carried out by victims' organizations, which designed, in a participatory manner, community archives management plans and that contributed to enhance new peace narratives and to prepare organizations and communities to articulate their territorial experiences as a way of narrating for their own territories, as well as to establish a dialogue with the instances of justice and memory in Colombia in transitional justice scenarios in both rural and urban settings. The cases, which have been taken are Commune 3 in Medellin and the municipalities of Granada and Ituango, Antioquia.

Two Cases of Hiccups Successfully Treated with Keishininjinto / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Persistent or intractable hiccups worsen the activity of daily life and the quality of life of patients, but are sometimes difficult to treat. There are no recommended therapies in Western medicine for hiccups, and Kampo medicine can often be used. However, there have been no case reports on keishininjinto for hiccups. We experienced two cases of hiccups successfully treated with keishininjinto. Case 1 was a 68-year-old man who continued intractable hiccups for 3 years. Case 2 was an 81-year-old man who developed persistent hiccups during mechanical ventilation. Both cases had spontaneous sweat, tendency of diarrhea, epigastric discomfort and resistance, and cold of epigastrium, so we diagnosed them as keishininjinto-sho. It took 6 months to improve hiccups after administration of keishininjinto in case 1 and 1 week in case 2. Keishininjinto can be effective for hiccups with interior and cold pattern.

Doppler ultrasound of umbilical artery in prediction of fetal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension Sudanese population

The pregnancy induced hypertension increase the fetal mortality and morbidity and the using of Doppler umbilical artery indices decrease the fetal mortality and morbidity however, there is few complete data about the most frequently altered Doppler US parameters to predict fetal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension . Methods This ia cohort prospective study done in two hundred and six women of second and third trimester presenting to antenatal clinic in Soba University Hospital at the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, in the fetus unit and critical pregnancy in the period From June 2008 to April 2013 to assess the Doppler indices of umbilical artery in pregnancy induced hypertension for prediction of prenatal outcome; 105 pregnancy induced hypertension patients and 101 women with uneventful pregnancies as normal control group included in this study . Baseline investigations and color Doppler of umbilical artery were done. Statistical analysis of data were done using SPSS, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) used to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of umbilical artery Doppler indices to predict fetal outcome. Results The study determine that there was significant difference in Doppler indices in PIH and control group ( p<0.01, the mean indices of umbilical artery is higher in PIH group compared with normal pregnancy group , the mean different of S/D ratio was 0.40, mean difference of RI was 0.06 and the mean different of PI index was 0.16, high percentage of adverse fetal outcome had been reported in in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension group than in control , which was more in absent and reversed flow velocity in umbilical artery in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension compared with group of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension with present end diastolic flow velocity. Systolic/Diastolic ratio was most accurate in predicting adverse outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension patients, followed by the Pulastility index then the Resistance index (75%, 66% and 57% respectively). Conclusion This study concluded that pregnancy induced hypertension leads to worsen placental insufficiently, which appears on the higher Doppler indices of umbilical artery to PIH patients when compared with normal pregnancy. A low diastolic flow and higher indices characterized the pregnancies with abnormal outcomes. Doppler of the umbilical artery was useful to predict fetal well being in PIH patients, high percentage of adverse fetal outcome had been reported in absent and reversed end diastolic flow velocity in umbilical artery compared with group of present flow velocity.

Two Cases of Hypertension Successfully Treated with Keishininjinto / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Keishininjinto has been used for those who have both interior cold pattern of ninjinto and exterior pattern, but there were no reports on improvement of hypertension. We experienced two cases that treatment with keishininjinto was effective for hypertension. The complaint of one case was dizziness, and the other was diarrhea. Both cases had epigastric discomfort and resistance, cold of epigastrium, and upper heat and lower cold. Treatment with keishininjinto was effective not only for the complaints but also for improvement of hypertension. Hypertension can be managed by Kampo therapy with keishininjinto in accordance with traditional sho indications. We consider that there were interesting clinical cases treated with Kampo medicine based on the theory whereby sho correlates with a formulation.

Three Cases Successfully Treated with Uzushakusekishigan / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Uzushakusekishigan is a Kampo formula described in ‘Jin Gui Yao Lue' for treatment of “heart pain that spreads out to the back, or back pain that spreads to the heart.” We successfully treated three patients with this formula. Patient 1 was a 53-year-old man suffering from precordial pain which occurred after amputation of the right forearm;patient 2 was a 46-year-old man with epigastralgia that occurred after taking cold meals;and patient 3 was a 28-year-old woman suffering from epigastralgia accompanied with panic disorder. Epigastric discomfort and resistance occurred in all three cases, prompting us to prescribe this formula. There are few reports of successful application of uzushakusekishigan, and it is not clear what symptoms and pathologies are relevant when prescribing this formula. However, our findings strongly suggest that uzushakusekishigan should be considered when treating severe chest or abdominal pain.

Retrospective study on susceptibility and resistance pattern of urinary pathogens in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents (AMA) resulted in rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Institutional level surveillance program to be carried out to track AMA use. The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of uropathogens and their susceptibility and resistance pattern in a tertiary care hospital to revise empirical therapy.Methods: Urine samples received from the inpatients and outpatients Departments of Mahatma Gandhi memorial hospital for culture sensitivity between January 2018 to December 2018 were included in this study. Data collected from the Department of Microbiology register by using WHONET software. After identification, isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the standard Kirby Bauers diffusion method. Descriptive analysis done and results were expressed as percentage.Results: Out of 3425 samples 68.5% showed no growth, 15.5% normal flora and only 15.9% reported as culture positive. In this study the highest isolate was Escherichia coli (59%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.6%), Enterococcus sp. (7%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%), Candid (3.6%), Acinetobactor (3%) and Pseudomonas (2.9%). Uropathogens developed resistance against penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and cotrimaxazole.Conclusions: This study confirms, the frequently prescribed empirical therapy drugs were less susceptible and developed resistance than less frequently prescribed and costly drugs. The current antimicrobial resistance pattern alarms the irrational and excessive use of antimicrobial agents. Hence the treating physicians should revise empirical therapy periodically based on the institutional antibiogram and resistance pattern reported from the laboratory to preserve antimicrobial source for the future generation.

Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training for improving rehabilitation in spinal scoliosis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on the quality of life, pain degree and hospital stay of spinal scoliosis patients. Methods A total of 112 patients were selected from January 2016 to March 2018, thereby assigning two groups randomly (56 cases). Patients in the control group was nursed by conventional training methods and traditional health education. The experimental group was added combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. The quality of life, pain degree on the first day of admission, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation was evaluated by Scoliosis Research Society-22(SRS-22) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),the hospital stay was observed and compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference of SRS-22 score and VAS score on the first day of admission between the two groups (P>0.05). The score of VAS was 7(6.25,8.75), 4(3.25,5.00) points in 1 week, 1 month after operation in the experimental group, 8(7.00, 9.00), 5(3.00, 6.00) points in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (Z=4.380, 3.318, P<0.01). The score of SRS-22 was (71.32±10.31), (65.96±6.01), (50.40±7.82) points in 1 week, 1 month, 3 months after operation in the experimental group, (74.64 ± 6.86), (68.16 ± 5.43), (66.42±7.65) points in the control group,and there was significant difference between the two groups (t=2.312, 1.286, 4.508, P<0.01 or 0.05). The hospital stay was (19.30±7.21) d in the control group, (16.70± 5.43) d in the experimental group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (t=1.321, P<0.05).Conclusions Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training is effective at decreasing the degree of pain in post operation, improving quality of life and shorting average of length of stay.

Las fronteras invisibles en las comunas 16 y 70 de Medellín (2008-2013): poder, territorio y resistencia / Invisible Borders in Medellin's Communes 16 and 70 (2008-2013): Power, Territory, and Resistance

Resumen En este artículo se analiza la forma en que se desarrolló el fenómeno de las fronteras invisibles en las comunas 16 y 70 de Medellín entre los años 2008 y 2013, momento en que se agudizó el conflicto armado ur bano en la ciudad. Con ese objetivo se entrevistaron actores sociales, institucionales y académicos que experimentaron esos enfrentamientos violentos desde diversas posiciones. Estas voces se analizaron a partir de discusiones teóricas en torno al poder, el territorio y la resistencia, que permitieron explicar la territorialización de una violencia que devino en la imposición de barreras imaginarias sobre la población.

Abstract This article analyses the way in which the phenomenon of invisible borders was developed in the Medellin's communes 16 and 70 between the years 2008 and 2013. It was the moment in which the urban armed conflict was intensified in the city. With this objective in mind, social, Institutional, and academic actors, who experienced these violent clashes were interviewed, from different positions. These voices were analyzed from theoretical discussions around power, territory, and resistance, which allowed to explain the territorialization of a violence that became the imposition of imaginary borders on the population.

Lacan com Marx em Wall Street, um dia antes do fim: uma análise de Margin Call a partir do encontro da teoria dos discursos lacaniana e da crítica da economia política marxiana / Lacan with Marx in Wall Street, a day before the end: an analysis on Margin Call from the confluence of the Lacanian theory of speeches and the Marxian critique of political economy

A partir da teoria dos discursos de Jacques Lacan, em diálogo com a teoria do valor de Karl Marx, o texto analisa o filme Margin Call, que retrata ficcionalmente o desencadeamento da atual crise capitalista, com a quebra do banco Lehman Brothers, em 2008. Dentre as questões que o texto coloca, além do papel do discurso da ciência na sociedade atual, destaca-se a persistência do discurso capitalista.

From the theory of the speech of Jacques Lacan, in dialog with Karl Marx´s theory of value, the text analyses the film Margin Call, which fictionally portraits the unchaining of current capitalist crisis, with the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers bank, in 2008. Amongst the issues posed by the text, besides the role of the discourse of the science in the current society, the persistence of the capitalist speech is to be evidenced.

Resistance of bean genotypes to bean golden mosaic virus (VMDF) / Resistência de genótipos de feijoeiro ao vírus do mosaico dourado do feijoeiro (VMDF)

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a herbal annual plant, which belongs to Fabaceae family, it is grown by small and large farmers alike, in several production systems. It has much economic and social importance. However, the plant is a host to uncounTable fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among the viral pathologies there is one known as Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), currently spread to virtually every bean production region in Brazil and over the world, causing huge losses season after season. This research's aim was to evaluate the resistance degree presented by fifteen different bean genotypes as to symptomology shown due to infection by the virus on the plants. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 15 treatments and a witness, Carioca-Pérola cultivar, and compound by four repetitions. Each parcel was compound by four lines of 3,0 meters in length and 0,5m apart, accounting for a total of 60 parcels of 6,0m². The analyzed characteristics were: Emergency, incidence, severity, thousand-bean weight, productivity, and chlorophyll content in the leaves. For characteristic incidence, at both 28 and 38 DAS, the genotypes did not prove to be resistant to the disease. For severity the strains PL 38, from the breeding between IAPAR 57 and IAPAR 72, and 93, from the breeding between ESAL-589 e IAPAR 57, stood out with superior results. For a thousand-bean weight, the genotype UFU Roxo 12, IAPAR 57 X ESAL 589 - PL 48, followed for ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 148-1, UFU Preto 29, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93, IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 72 - PL 25, IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 65 - PL194, CARIOCA PÉROLA-WITNESS, UFU Carioca 14 and ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129 was the one that showed the best result. The highest productivity per hectare was from the genotype IAPAR57 x ESAL 589 ­ PL48 from carioca group. Concerning the parameter chlorophyll content at 28 DAS, the genotypes ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129, IAPAR 72 X ESAL 589 ­PL49, UFU Roxo 12, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 28, CARIOCA PÉROLA-Witness, UFU Carioca 14 showed less infected area and the highest chlorophyll content, and at 38 DAS there was no significant difference among the genotypes.

O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma planta anual que pertence à família Fabaceae, é cultivado por pequenos e grandes agricultores em diversos sistemas de produção no Brasil. Ele tem muita importância econômica e social. No entanto, a planta é um hospedeiro para muitas doenças fúngicas, bacterianas e virais. Entre as patologias virais tem-se vírus do mosaico dourado do feijoeiro (VMDF-BGMV), que atualmente se encontra em todas as regiões de produção de feijoeiro no Brasil e no mundo. A doença causa enormes prejuízos em todas estações de cultivo, notadamente no outono- inverno. Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de resistência apresentado por quinze diferentes genótipos de feijoeiro quanto à infecção (incidência be severidade) pelo vírus nas plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 15 tratamentos e uma testemunha, cultivar Carioca-Pérola, e composto por quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi composto por quatro linhas de 3,0 metros de comprimento e 0,5m de distância, correspondendo a um total de 60 parcelas de 6,0m². As características analisadas foram: emergência, incidência, severida de sintomas, peso de mil de mil grãos, produtividade e teor de clorofila nas folhas (índice SPAD). A incidência não se mostrou como variável inadequada para avaliar a resistência aos 28 e 38 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Para severidade a linhagem PL 38 se destacou e foi obtida apartir do cruzamento IAPAR 57 e IAPAR 72. Também apresentou menor severidade a linhagem 93, obtida do cruzamento entre ESAL-589 e IAPAR 57. Para peso de mil grãos, destacaram-se os genótipos UFU Roxo 12 (IAPAR 57 X ESAL 589 - PL 48), seguido por ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 148-1, UFU Preto 29 (ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93), IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 72 - PL 25, IAPAR 57 X IAPAR 65 - PL194, CARIOCA PÉROLA-testemunha, UFU Carioca 14 e ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129. A maior produtividade por hectare foi do genótipo IAPAR57 x ESAL 589 - PL48 do grupo carioca. Quanto ao índice SPAD (clorofila aos 28 DAS), os genótipos ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 93, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 72 - PL 129, IAPAR 72 X ESAL 589 -PL49, UFU Roxo 12, ESAL 589 X IAPAR 57 - PL 28, CARIOCA PÉROLA, UFU Carioca 14 apresentaram maior teor de clorofila aos 38 DAS (maior média numérica), más não houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos pelo teste de Scott & Knott a 5 % de probabilidade.

Development in research of CYP51 as the target of triazoles / 药学实践杂志

Triazoles are the most widely used antifungal drugs in clinic with broad spectrum and high efficacy,which targets sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51),an enzyme expressed by the gene EGR11,which is a key enzyme in the fungi ergos-terol biosynthesis.On the one hand,the CYP51 belongs to a transmembrane protein.It is difficult to get the exact functional structure conformation which becomes a big challenge for the development of new drugs.On the other hand,it becomes con-sensus that EGR11 exon mutation cause CYP51 structural change is one of the major reasons for antifungal drugs resistance. Therefore,study of the structural changes toward the antifungal drug resistance is quite important.The review authors have summarized the research progress on CYP51 over the recent years.

Stochastic developmental variation, an epigenetic source of phenotypic diversity with far-reaching biological consequences.

This article reviews the production of different phenotypes from the same genotype in the same environment by stochastic cellular events, nonlinear mechanisms during patterning and morphogenesis, and probabilistic self-reinforcing circuitries in the adult life. These aspects of phenotypic variation are summarized under the term‘stochastic developmental variation’ (SDV) in the following. In the past, SDV has been viewed primarily as a nuisance, impairing laboratory experiments, pharmaceutical testing, and true-to-type breeding. This article also emphasizes the positive biological effects of SDV and discusses implications for genotype-to-phenotype mapping, biological individuation, ecology, evolution, and applied biology. There is strong evidence from experiments with genetically identical organisms performed in narrowly standardized laboratory set-ups that SDV is a source of phenotypic variation in its own right aside from genetic variation and environmental variation. It is obviouslymediated bymolecular and higher-order epigeneticmechanisms. Comparison of SDV in animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archaeans, and viruses suggests that it is a ubiquitous and phylogenetically old phenomenon. In animals, it is usually smallest for morphometric traits and highest for life history traits and behaviour. SDV is thought to contribute to phenotypic diversity in all populations but is particularly relevant for asexually reproducing and genetically impoverished populations, where it generates individuality despite genetic uniformity. In each generation, SDV produces a range of phenotypes around a well-adapted target phenotype, which is interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy to cope with the unpredictability of dynamic environments. At least some manifestations of SDV are heritable, adaptable, selectable, and evolvable, and therefore, SDV may be seen as a hitherto overlooked evolution factor. SDV is also relevant for husbandry, agriculture, and medicine because most pathogens are asexuals that exploit this third source of phenotypic variation tomodify infectivity and resistance to antibiotics. Since SDV affects all types of organisms and almost all aspects of life, it urgently requires more intense research and a better integration into biological thinking.

Repensar o Édipo, entre o familiar e o estranho / Rethinking Oedipus, between the familiar and the strange

O autor considera necessário repensar o Édipo para incluir em seus modos de resolução não só o familiar, como também o não familiar, o estrangeiro, a alteridade. Acredita que as formas pelas quais seu estudo e sua clínica são encarados atualmente favorecem os mecanismos da exclusão e do desterro, tal como aparece no mito não só do estrangeiro do outro, como também do estrangeiro de si mesmo. Tudo isso se constitui em problemáticas na construção do laço social que considera necessário revisar na sociedade contemporânea. O autor se propõe a revisar as metáforas que parecem guiar as condutas, a ordem da governabilidade, tanto na ordem familiar quanto na social, entre elas a metáfora pastoril, a metáfora têxtil e a metáfora do caminho. Considera que é necessário advertir sobre a presença nos discursos contemporâneos, de acordo com as características performativas da linguagem, de denominações estigmatizantes e culpabilizantes precoces – inclusive antes do nascimento do sujeito, como em Édipo, que requerem práticas de resistência e de cuidado de si para que a psicanálise possa operar na clínica e na sociedade contemporânea alertando para estas denominações e seus efeitos na constituição subjetiva. O estudo de Édipo em Colona significa uma contribuição importante para a consideração das operações de transmissão feitas a partir da experiência, do contato com o real e com o haver podido construir com isso uma versão pessoal...

According to the author, it is necessary to rethink Oedipus in order to include in its resolution ways not only the familiar, but also the non-familiar, the foreign, the alterity. He believes that the forms in which its study and clinic are currently dealt with favor exclusion and banishment mechanisms, as it appears in the myth of the foreigner for the other, but also of the foreigner for him/herself. All this brings about problems in the construction of the social bond that urges to be rethought in current society. The author aims at reviewing the metaphors that seem to guide the behaviors, the order of governance, both in the family and in the social sphere. Among them, there are the pastoral metaphor, the textile metaphor and the path metaphor. He considers that it is of utmost importance to warn about the presence of stigmatizing and early guilt-apportioning designations in contemporary speeches, according to the performing characteristics of language. These designations, which are encountered even before the subject’s birth, as in Oedipus, require practices of resistance and self-care so that psychoanalysis can operate in the clinical practice and within contemporary society, preventing them and their effects on the subject’s constitution. The study of Oedipus at Colonus represents an important contribution to the consideration of the transmission operations made from the experience, from the contact with the real and with the fact of having been able to build with it a personal version...

Repensar el Edipo, entre lo familiar y lo extraño El autor considera necesario repensar el Edipo para incluir en sus modos de resolución no solo lo familiar sino también lo no familiar, lo extranjero, la alteridad. Cree que los modos actuales con que se encara su estudio y su clínica favorecen los mecanismos de la exclusión y de destierro, tal como aparece en el mito no sólo de lo extranjero del otro sino lo extranjero de sí mismo. Todo esto constituye problemáticas en la construcción del lazo social que considera necesario revisar en la sociedad contemporánea. El autor se plantea revisar las metáforas que parecen guiar las conductas, el orden de la gobernabilidad, tanto en el orden familiar como en el social, entre ellas, la metáfora pastoril, la metáfora textil y la metáfora del camino. Considera que se hace necesario advertir la presencia en los discursos contemporáneos, acorde a los caracteres performativos del lenguaje, de denominaciones estigmatizantes y culpabilizantes tempranas – aun antes de nacer el sujeto, como en Edipo, que requieren prácticas de resistencia y de cuidado de si para que el psicoanálisis pueda obrar en la clínica y en la sociedad contemporánea advirtiendo estas nominaciones y sus efectos en la constitución subjetiva. El estudio de Edipo en Colono significa un aporte importante para la consideración de las operaciones de trasmisión hechas a partir de la experiencia, del contacto con lo real y con el haber podido con eso construir una versión personal...

Effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance training circuit on daily physical activity among community-dwelling older people / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance training circuit on daily physical activity, motor function, and health-related QOL among community-dwelling women aged over 65. Of 102 subjects recruited from the local community, 60 met the inclusion criteria. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group was asked to participate in 60 minutes of combined aerobic and resistance training circuit three times a week for 3 months, while the control group was asked to participate in a study circle once a month for 3 months. Daily physical activity was measured by an activity monitor, and questionnaire, physical functioning, and health related QOL were measured before and after intervention. Daily physical activity as measured by the activity monitor increased significantly in the intervention group but not in the control group, although daily physical activity as measured by questionnaire did not significantly differ between groups. Distance walked over 6 minutes significantly increased in the intervention group than in the control group. No significant difference was found in health related QOL between groups. We conclude that combined aerobic and resistance training circuit is effective for increasing daily activity in community-dwelling older women and for enhancing physical function.

Characterization and anti‑microbial susceptibility of bacterial isolates: Experience from a tertiary care cancer center in Delhi.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalization for fever in cancer patients is associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and cost. AIM: The aim of this study was to study the bacterial spectrum and susceptibility patterns of pathogens in culture positive patients from the oncology unit of our hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients admitted in our cancer center (medical, radiation, and surgical oncology) from January to December 2013. Blood and respiratory secretions from the indoor patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the total 693 samples, 76.4% were Gram‑negative and 23.6% were Gram‑positive. The most common bacterial isolates among Gram‑negative organisms in blood were Escherichia coli, Salmonella and among the Gram‑positive organism were Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus. Among the blood isolates extended spectrum of beta‑lactamase, multidrug‑resistant (carbapenem‑resistant) and pan resistant bugs were seen in 47%, 15%, and 5% of the blood isolates. Among the Gram‑positive organisms, 25% respiratory isolates were vancomycin‑resistant Enterococci. CONCLUSION: We observed a high incidence of Gram‑negative isolates with clinically significant resistance to first‑line antibiotics such as cephalosporin’s, piperacillin tazobactum, and fluoroquinolones.

Candidose na medicina veterinária: um enfoque micológico, clínico e terapêutico / Candidosis on veterinary medicine: a mycological, clinical and therapeutic approuch

O gênero Candida é composto por leveduras que vivem como comensais na microbiota de homens e animais. Em geral, não causam nenhum dano aos seus hospedeiros, entretanto, em virtude de desequilíbrios nas defesas química, física e imunológica, esses microrganismos podem se tornar patogênicos. Infecções por Candida spp. são pouco frequentes na Medicina Veterinária no entanto, nos últimos anos, tem sido observado aumento considerável de relatos de enfermidades causadas por essas leveduras, acometendo diferentes animais. Várias espécies do gênero são implicadas em quadros infecciosos, sendo a C. albicans a principal delas, seguida por C. tropicalis e C. parapsilosis. Considerando-se o potencial patogênico do gênero Candida, aliado ao surgimento de cepas resistentes a derivados azólicos, in vitro, o presente trabalho se propôs a realizar detalhada revisão de literatura, abordando os aspectos clínico-laboratoriais, etiológicos e terapêuticos da candidose na Medicina Veterinária.

The Candida genus is composed by yeasts that live as commmensal on human and animals' microbiota. In general, they do not cause any damage to their hosts. However, due instability on chemical, physical and immunological defenses, these microorganisms can become pathogens. Candida spp. infections are rare on Veterinary Medicine. However, on the last years, a considerable raise of illness caused by these yeasts has been related on varied animal species. Several species of this genus has been mentioned as responsible for infectious diseases in animals, being C. albicans the main of them, followed by C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Considering the pathogenic role of the genus Candida, allied to the emerging of resistant strains to the azole derivatives, in vitro, the present research proposed to perform a detailed review, approaching clinic-laboratorial, etiologic and therapeutic aspects of the candidosis on Veterinary medicine.