ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effects of cold spray on pain after non-coring needle insertion.Methods:This was a randomized controlled study. Patients with totally implantable access port (TIAP) were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group were given cold spray, while the control group were given eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream (EMLA). The severity of pain, comfort and satisfaction, right-first-time insertion rate and skin reaction incidence were compared between groups.Results:29 patients were included in each of the two groups. The pain assessed with numeric rating scale in the experimental group was less severe than the control group ([1.52±1.02] vs [2.24±1.62]). However, there was no significant difference (d=-0.02 [95% CI:-0.55~0.51], P=0.109). The right-first-time insertion rate was 100% for both groups. The incidence of skin reactions in experimental group was lower (ARR=27.6% [95% CI: 11.32%~43.86%], P=0.008), and comfort scores ( d=-0.97 [95% CI: -0.42~-1.52], P<0.01) and satisfaction scores(ARR=13.8% [95% CI: 1.24%~26.34%], P=0.013) were significantly higher compared with control group. Conclusions:There was no statistically significant difference in the analgesic effect of cold spray and EMLA on pain from non-coring needle insertion. Cold spray acted quickly, comfortably and safely, resulting in better patient satisfaction.
ABSTRACT
Rats and mice are commonly used in experimental laboratories and anesthetic drugs are important for researchers to understand the details. Administration of fluids helps to stabilize the experimental animals before anesthesia via intravenously through the lateral vein in rats and in case of difficulty in catheterization and maintenance, fluids are usually administered as boluses. Large volumes of cool fluids will rapidly lead to hypothermia and all parenteral fluids must be warmed to body temperature before administration. Premedication with a sedative may ease induction with volatile anesthetic drugs. The first choice for rodent anesthesia is complete inhalational anesthesia. The second option is using injectable anesthesia. Recovery from the volatile agents that have been used rapid when the agent is no longer administered. Anesthetic monitoring equipment is an infant-size bell sthethoscope that can be used to ausculate the heart and lungs. Supplemental heating should be provided to reduce the heat loss supply and maintain core body temperature. The kinds of drugs, characteristics, route of administration and care after surgery were reviewed and summarized from the references. Anesthetic drugs, maintenance, monitoring and aftercare are important in the laboratories to keep the animal safe in all experimental procedures.