Uso de denosumab en quiste óseo aneurismático: revisión de la literatura / Use of denosumab in aneurysmatic bone cyst: literature review

INTRODUCCIÓN Los quistes óseos aneurismáticos (QOAs) son tumores benignos, localmente agresivos, y con importante potencial de recidiva, que representan aproximadamente el 1% de todos los tumores óseos. Se describen múltiples tratamientos, como: escisión intralesional, embolización arterial selectiva, inyección de agentes esclerosantes, y radiación. Estos tratamientos tienen una tasa variable de eficacia, ya que la recurrencia puede llegar al 20% y puede estar asociada a comorbidades graves como la pérda funcional de la extremidad. OBJETIVO Realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre el uso de denosumab para el tratamiento de QOAs, describiendo el perfil epidemiológico, la dosis utilizada, y las complicaciones. MÉTODO Se recopilaron artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años en la base de datos PubMed. La información recogida de los casos reportados fue la edad, el sexo, la ubicación del tumor, la realización de cirugía antes y/o después del tratamiento con denosumab, la dosis utilizada, las complicaciones, y la recurrencia. RESULTADOS Se analizaron 7 artículos, 4 reportes de casos y 3 series de casos, escritos en inglés, y publicados de 2014 a 2019. La mayoría de los pacientes eran del sexo femenino, con una edad promedio de 14 años, y el tumor localizado en la columna. CONCLUSIÓN El uso de denosumab en el tratamiento de QOAs ha tenido una buena respuesta, ya que tiene bajas tasas de recurrencia y complicaciones; sin embargo, hacen falta más estudios para definir el protocolo de tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION Aneurysmal Bone Cysts (ABCs) are locally-aggressive benign tumors with relevant potential for recurrence, representing approximately 1% of all bone tumors. Multiple treatments are described for them, such as: intralesional excision, selective arterial embolization, injection of sclerosing agents, and radiation. These treatments have a variable efficacy rate, can reach 20% and may be associated with serious comorbidities such as functional loss of the limb. OBJETIVE To perform an integrative review of the literature on the use of denosumab in the treatment of ABCs, describing the epidemiological profile, the dosage used, and the complications. METHODOLOGY Articles published in the past five years were retrieved from the PubMed database. The information collected from the cases reported was age, gender, tumor location, the performance of surgery before and/or after the denosumab treatment, the dose used, the complications, and recurrence. RESULTS We analyzed 7 articles, 4 case reports and 3 case series, written in English, and published from 2014 to 2019. Most patients were female, with an average age of 14 years, with the tumor located in the spine. CONCLUSION The use of denosumab in the treatment of ABCs yielded good results, with low rates of recurrence and complications. However, further studies are needed to define a treatment protocol.

Estudio radiológico simple de quiste óseo simple y aneurismático: diagnóstico diferencial / Plain radiologic assessment of unicameral and aneurysmal bone cyst: differential diagnosis

OBJETIVO Dar a conocer nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico diferencial de los quistes óseos simple y aneurismático mediante estudio radiológico simple. MATERIALES Y METODOS Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 20 años con radiografía de quiste óseo simple o aneurismático histológicamente confirmado pertenecientes al Registro Nacional de Tumores Óseos. Las radiografías fueron analizadas por dos radiólogos experimentados. Se compararon las variables demográficas de los pacientes, y las variables clínicas y radiológicas de ambos quistes. RESULTADOS Un total de 97 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (65% presentaba quistes óseos simples y 35%, aneurismáticos). No se observaron diferencias en cuanto a la edad, al hueso comprometido, al tamaño de la lesión, a la expansión ósea, ni al adelgazamiento cortical. El género, la forma de presentación, la presencia de interrupción de la cortical, y la localización de la lesión en los ejes longitudinal y transversal del hueso son parámetros que podrían ser útiles en el diagnóstico diferencial de ambos quistes. DISCUSIÓN Los quistes óseos simple y aneurismático son lesiones benignas frecuentes que, de acuerdo con la literatura, serían difíciles de diferenciar únicamente con radiografía simple. La resonancia magnética permite una mejor caracterización anatómica, y aporta sensibilidad y especificidad al diagnóstico. Sin embargo, debe ser precedida por la radiografía simple, y su disponibilidad es limitada. CONCLUSIÓN Aun en centros con disponibilidad de resonancia magnética, la radiografía simple sigue siendo el estudio inicial de elección en el diagnóstico de tumores óseos. Ciertas características demográficas y radiográficas permiten orientar el diagnóstico diferencial inicial entre el quiste óseo simple y el aneurismático

OBJETIVE To describe our experience in the differential diagnosis of unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts using plain radiography. PATIENCES AND METHODS We included patients under 20 years of age with radiographs of histologically-confirmed unicameral or aneurysmal bone cysts found on the Chilean National Bone-Tumor Registry. The radiographs were evaluated by two experienced radiologists. We compared the demographic variables of the patients, and the clinical and radiological variables of both tumors.. RESULTADOS A total of 97 patients met the inclusion criteria, 65% of whom had simple bone cysts, and 35%, aneurysmal bone cysts. No differences were found regarding age, the bone affected, the size of the lesion, bone expansion, nor cortical thinning. Gender, clinical presentation, cortical interruption, and location of the lesion on the longitudinal and transverse bone axes are parameters that could be used in the differential diagnosis of both cysts. DISCUSSION According to the literature, unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts are frequent benign lesions that are difficult to differentiate merely through plain radiographs. Magnetic resonance imaging enables a better anatomical characterization and provides sensitivity and specificity to the diagnosis. However, its availability is limited, and it should be preceded by plain radiography. CONCLUSION Plain radiography is still the initial imaging study of choice in patients with clinical suspicion of bone tumor, even in those centers where magnetic resonance imaging is available. Certain demographic and radiological characteristics guide physicians in the differential diagnosis of unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts.

Niños andinos con quiste óseo aneurismático tratados con polidocanol (uso fuera de etiqueta) / Andean children with aneurysmal bone cyst treated with polidocanol (use off-label)

Resumen: Introducción: El quiste óseo aneurismático es un raro tumor osteolítico benigno, pero agresivo para el que aún no existe tratamiento ideal. Los comunicados sobre tratamiento mediante escleroterapia en población pediátrica son escasos y en nuestra región más aún. El objetivo es comunicar la experiencia del tratamiento del quiste óseo aneurismático con polidocanol 3%. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Período: Junio de 2017 a Junio de 2021. Inclusión: pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de quiste óseo aneurismático. Bajo anestesia general y guía fluoroscópica se realizó punción intralesional con aguja 16G a través de la cual se administró lentamente el polidocanol 3%. Datos: historia clínica. Las variables cuantitativas se expresarán en medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión; las variables cualitativas se expresarán como frecuencias o porcentajes. Resultados: Se incluyeron nueve pacientes consecutivos, todos presentaban dolor y tumoración en alguna de las extremidades. Género: tres femeninos y seis masculinos. Edad: mediana 10.5 años (rango: 2-15.1). Peso: mediana 32.8 kg (rango: 11-44.5). Total de procedimientos: 44, procedimientos por paciente: promedio 4.9 (DE: ± 2.0). Tiempo de procedimiento: promedio 33.9 minutos (DE: ± 18.3); radiación: promedio 1.34 mGy (DE: ± 1.55). Hospitalización: un día, excepto un paciente. Complicaciones: Daño de piel en un caso, no recidivas. Seguimiento: de 12 a 50 meses. Conclusión: En esta serie pediátrica el polidocanol 3% fue útil y efectivo para el tratamiento del quiste óseo aneurismático con escasas complicaciones. Una desventaja es que requiere varias sesiones y además, no se ha demostrado una diferencia significativa entre otras formas de tratamiento en términos de la tasa de recurrencia.

Abstract: Introduction: The aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare benign but aggressive osteolytic tumor for which there is still no ideal treatment, the reports on treatment by sclerotherapy in the pediatric population are scarce and in our region even less. The objective is to communicate the experience of the treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst with polydocanol 3%. Material and methods: Retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Period: June/2017 to June/2021. Inclusion: patients with histological diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst; Under general anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance, intralesional puncture with 16G needle was performed through which 3% polydocanol was slowly administered. Data: medical history. Quantitative variables shall be expressed in measures of central tendency and dispersion; qualitative variables shall be expressed as frequencies or percentages. Results: Nine consecutive patients were included, all of whom had pain and tumor in one of the extremities. Gender: 3 female and 6 male. Age: median 10.5 years (range: 2-15.1). Weight: median 32.8 kg (range: 11-44.5). Total procedures: 44; procedures per patient: mean 4.9 (SD: ± 2.0). Procedure time: mean 33.9 minutes (SD: ± 18.3); radiation: mean 1.34 mGy (SD: ± 1.55). Hospitalization: one day, except one patient. Complications: skin damage in one case, no recurrences follow-up: 12 to 50 months. Conclusion: In this pediatric series, polydocanol 3% was useful and effective for the treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst, with few complications. One disadvantage is that it requires several sessions and in addition, no significant difference has been demonstrated between other forms of treatment in terms of the recurrence rate.

Quistes óseos de localizacion inusual como causa de lumbalgia crónica en adultos / Bone cyst of unusual location as a cause of chronic back pain in adults

Se presenta el caso de un paciente con quistes en el hueso iliaco como causa atípica de lumbalgia crónica a la cual se puede enfrentar el reumatólogo, y se hará una revisión de la literatura sobre los tipos de quistes óseos y sus diagnósticos diferenciales. También se hará mención de sus opciones de tratamiento.

The case of a patient with cysts in the iliac bone is presented as an atypical cause of chronic low back pain that the rheumatologist may face, and a review of the literature on the types of bone cysts and their differential diagnoses will be made. Mention will also be made of your treatment options.

Quiste Óseo Aneurismático en Clavícula: Reporte de un caso / Clavicle Aneurysmal Bone Cyst, Case Report

Introducción:El quiste óseo aneurismático es una neoplasia benigna poco común de aparición en edad temprana. Tiene mayor incidencia en huesos largos y en la columna vertebral. Su etiología es incierta, aunquesuele asociarse a traumatismo, probablemente debido a obstrucción venosa o a la formación de fístulas que se producen tras la contusión. Caso:En este estudio se presenta el caso de un paciente de 15 años sin antecedentes de trauma que presenta un quiste óseo aneurismático en clavícula, localización poco habitual para esta patología. Evolución: Se le brindótratamiento con terapia esclerosante con Polidocanol al 3% por 8 ocasiones con respuesta favorable.No ha requerido cirugía hasta el momento. Conclusión:El tratamientoesclerosante fue exitoso en este informe de casos

Introduction: The aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare benign neoplasm that appears at an early age. It has a higher incidence in long bones and in the spine. Its etiology is uncertain, although it is usually associated with trauma, probably due to venous obstruction or the formation of fistulas that occur after contusion. Case: This study presents the case of a 15-year-old patient with no history of trauma who presents with an aneurysmal bone cyst in the clavicle, an unusual location for this pathology. Evolution: Treatment with sclerosing therapy with 3% Polidocanol was given 8 times with a favorable response. He has not required surgery so far. Conclusion: Sclerosing treatment was successful in this case report

Quiste óseo aneurismático localizado en el techo acetabular en un varón de 11 años / Aneurysmal bone cyst located on the acetabular roof in an 11-year-old male

Resumen: El quiste óseo aneurismático es una tumoración benigna poco común, de aparición en la infancia generalmente y a nivel de extremidades. El tratamiento más habitual consiste en el curetaje y relleno con injerto. No obstante, localizaciones poco accesibles a la cirugía suponen un reto terapéutico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 11 años con cojera y dolor en cadera derecha sin antecedente traumático ni infeccioso. En los estudios de imagen con TAC y RM se evidencia una lesión lítica expansiva que ocupa todo el techo del acetábulo y pala ilíaca derecha, sugestiva de un quiste óseo aneurismático presentando fractura acetabular asociada. Se realizó una biopsia que confirmó el diagnóstico. Se trató mediante embolización guiada por angiografía debido al gran volumen y alto riesgo de fractura, después del curetaje y relleno con aloinjerto evolucionó satisfactoriamente y el paciente se encuentra asintomático al año de la intervención.

Abstract: The aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign rare tumor, which usually develops during childhood and it's more often found in limbs. The most accepted treatment consists in curetagge and filling with graft. However, certain locations may be inaccesible for surgery and represent therapeutical challenges. We present the case of an 11 year-old male patient with limping and right hip pain without any traumatic nor infectious record. In the image studies with CT and MRI a lytic and expansive lession was found in the upper part of the right acetabulum and right iliac wing, all of which suggested an aneurysmal bone cyst with an associated acetabular fracture. A biopsy was performed which confirmed the diagnosis. He was treated with a CT-guided embolization and, due to its size, curetagge and allograft filling afterwards. He was asymptomatic after1 year of follow-up.

Quiste óseo aneurismático en el húmero distal. Reporte de un caso y tratamiento actual / Aneurysmal bone cyst in distal humerus. Case report and current treatment

El quiste óseo aneurismático es una lesión ósea benigna que se presenta a edad temprana; su comportamiento suele ser agresivo por lo cual, la resección quirúrgica y la prevención de su recidiva son los pilares fundamentales de el tratamiento. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 6 años de edad residente en Gualaceo, Ecuador, con masa de crecimiento progresivo y deformante en el codo izquierdo. Por las características de los exámenes de imagen y el cuadro sintomático se dignostica quiste óseo aneurismático que fue tratado con cirugía de resección intralesional y terapia adyuvante (fresado de alta velocidad, coagulación térmica y crioterapia). Se confirmó el diagnostico mediante el estudio histopatológico posquirúrgico

The aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign osseous lesion of presentation at an early age whose behavior is usually aggressive, so its surgical resection and the prevention of its recurrence is the fundamental pillar for the treatment. We present the case of a girl of 6 years of age living in Gualaceo, Ecuador, with a mass of progressive and deforming growth in the left elbow. By characteristics in the imaging tests and clinical picture it was considered as an aneurysmal bone cyst which was treated with intralesional resection surgery and adjuvant therapy (high speed burr, thermal coagulation and cryotherapy). The diagnosis was confirmed with postoperative histopathological study

Fibrohistiocitoma aneurismático: A propósito de un caso / Fibrohistiocytoma aneurysmal: Report of a case

El fibrohistiocitoma aneurismático, es una distintiva pero pobremente reconocida variante clínico-patológica, de los fibrohistiocitomas cutáneos. Podría resultar de la proliferación de vasos sanguíneos y hemorragia, dentro de un fibrohistiocitoma cutáneo común. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de 39 años de edad, con una lesión tumoral en cara externa del codo izquierdo. Discutiremos el reconocimiento clínico, la histopatología y la diferenciación histológica con otros tumores.

Aneurysmal fibrohistiocytoma is a distinctive but poorly recognized clinical-pathological variant of cutaneous fibrohistiocytomas. It could result from the proliferation of blood vessels and hemorrhage within a common cutaneous fibrohistiocytoma. We report a case of a 39-year-old patient with a tumor lesion on the left elbow. We will discuss clinical recognition, histopathology and histological differentiation with other tumors.

Can ethanol be used as an adjuvant to extended curettage in order to reduce the recurrence rate of aneurysmal bone cyst? / O etanol pode ser usado como adjuvante na curetagem ampla a fim de reduzir a taxa de reincidência de cisto ósseo aneurismático?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The best treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of extended curettage and ethanol as an adjuvant to reduce local recurrence of ABCs. METHODS: Retrospectively, 68 cases treated for primary and secondary ABCs caused by benign tumors from 2003 to 2013 were enrolled to a follow-up visit between one to ten years after the surgery. The treatment protocol was en-bloc resection, biopsy and curettage, extended curettage consisted of curettage, high-speed burring, ethanol 96%, and electrocauterization (combined four-step alcohol-using approach) followed by defect filling, consecutively. RESULTS: Among 36 patients with primary ABCs (16 male, 20 female, mean age of 16 years, range 3-46 years), 29 cases were treated with the combined four-step alcohol-using approach, four patients with resection, and three with biopsy and curettage. Thirty-two cases had secondary ABCs on benign lesions (17 male, 15 female). The recurrence rate was 5.88 in all primary and secondary ABC cases; two recurrences among 29 patients with primary ABCs (6.9%) and one recurrence among the 22 cases with secondary ABCs (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It could be suggested that the combined four-step alcohol-using approach may result in a very low recurrence rate of primary and secondary ABC lesions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Ainda não se sabe qual o melhor tratamento para cistos ósseos aneurismáticos (COA). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilidade da curetagem estendida e do etanol como adjuvante para reduzir a reincidência local de COAs. MÉTODOS: Retrospectivamente, 68 casos que receberam tratamento para COAs primários e secundários causados por tumores benignos entre 2003 e 2013 foram chamados para uma consulta de seguimento, em um intervalo entre um e dez anos após a cirurgia. O protocolo de tratamento foi ressecção em bloco, biópsia e curetagem; a curetagem estendida consistiu em curetagem, broqueamento em alta velocidade, etanol 96% e eletrocauterização (abordagem combinada em quatro etapas com álcool), seguida do preenchimento do defeito, de forma consecutiva. RESULTADOS: Entre os 36 pacientes com COAs primárias (16 do sexo masculino, 20 do feminino, média de 16 anos, intervalo 3-46), 29 casos foram tratados com a abordagem combinada em quatro etapas com álcool, quatro pacientes com ressecção e três com biópsia e curetagem; 32 casos apresentavam COAs secundárias em lesões benignas (17 do sexo masculino, 15 do feminino). A taxa de reincidência foi de 5,88 em todos os casos de COAs primárias e secundárias; duas reincidências foram observadas entre 29 pacientes com COAs primária (6,9%) e uma reincidência entre os 22 casos (4,5%) de COAs secundária. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se que a abordagem combinada em quatro etapas com álcool pode resultar em uma taxa de reincidência muito baixa em lesões COAs primárias e secundárias.

Tratamiento de quistes óseos aneurismáticos con aloinjerto / Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts with allograft

Antecedentes: Los pacientes con quiste óseo aneurismático plantean dificultades diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Se han descrito múltiples opciones terapéuticas. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados obtenidos en pacientes tratados con curetaje y relleno con aloinjerto óseo. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron 16 quistes, correspondientes a 15 pacientes, con un seguimiento mínimo de 28 meses y una mediana de seguimiento de 83 meses. Resultados: La media de la edad era de 10 años (rango 3-16). La principal complicación fue la recidiva (37,5%), que fue más frecuente cuando existía compromiso fisario (62,5% frente al 12,5% sin compromiso; p = 0,05). La frecuencia de recidiva no varió en ambos sexos, para las distintas edades analizadas y respecto al uso o no de fresa de alta velocidad. Conclusión: Consideramos que el tratamiento realizado es seguro, pero tiene una alta tasa de recidivas, similar a las publicadas en otras series.

Backround: Patients with aneurysmal bone cyst pose diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Multiple therapeutic options have been described. Objective: To evaluate the results obtained in patients treated with curettage and filling with bone allograft. Methods: Sixteen cysts, corresponding to 15 patients were evaluated, with a minimum follow-up of 28 months and a median follow-up of 83 months. Results: Average age was 10 years (range 3-16). The main complication was recurrence in 37.5% of patients, being more frequent with physeal involvement (62.5% vs. 12.5% without involvement; p = 0.05). The recurrence rate was unchanged for both sexes, for different ages and regarding the use or not of high-speed burr. Conclusion: We think that the treatment performed is safe, but recurrence rate is high, similar to that reported in other series.

Quiste óseo aneurismático sólido del raquis dorsal / Solid aneurysmal bone cyst of dorsal spine

El quiste óseo aneurismático sólido es un tumor de naturaleza neoplásica indefinida, de comportamiento benigno, crecimiento rápido y agresivo. Representa menos del 8 % de todos los quistes óseos aneurismáticos. Se presenta un caso de quiste óseo aneurismático sólido de mediastino posterior con toma espinal torácica. La ausencia de signos característicos en las pruebas de imagen y la presencia de rasgos similares al tumor de células gigantes y el osteosarcoma, hacen imprescindible la confirmación anatomopatológica para un tratamiento adecuado de la enfermedad. La exéresis quirúrgica total de la tumoración, el aporte de injerto óseo y la fijación del segmento afecto constituyen el procedimiento de elección.

The solid aneurysmal bone cyst is a malignant tumor of undefined nature, benign behavior; it has fast and aggressive growth. It represents less than 8 % of all aneurysmal bone cysts. A case of posterior mediastinum solid aneurysmal bone cyst with thoracic spinal making is presented here. The absence of characteristic signs in the imaging and the presence of similar features of giant cell tumor and osteosarcoma, make it imperative the pathologic confirmation for proper treatment of the disease. Total surgical excision of the tumor, the bone grafting and fixation segment affection are the procedures of choice.

Le kyste osseux anévrismal solide est une tumeur de nature néoplasique indéfinie, caractérisée par un comportement bénin et une croissance rapide et agressive. Il représente moins de 8 % de tous les kystes osseux anévrismaux. Un cas de kyste osseux anévrismal solide au niveau de médiastin postérieur (d’atteinte spinale thoracique) est présenté. L’absence de signes caractéristiques dans l’imagerie RM et la présence de traits similaires à la tumeur à cellules géantes et à l’ostéosarcome rendent nécessaire la confirmation anatomopathologique pour un traitement approprié de cette pathologie. L’exérèse totale de la tumeur, la greffe osseuse et la fixation du segment affecté constituent la technique opératoire de choix.

Cisto ósseo aneurismático parosteal / Parosteal aneurysmal bone cyst

O cisto ósseo aneurismático tem uma incidência de 0,14 a cada 100 mil indivíduos. O subtipo parosteal é o menos prevalente, representa 7% de todos. Apresentamos um paciente mas culino, 38 anos, com dor e abaulamento em braço direito havia oito meses. Diagnosticado previamente como tumor de células gigantes, teve sua lâmina revisada e então foi feito o diagnóstico de cisto ósseo aneurismático parosteal. O paciente foi tratado com infiltração intralesional de corticosteroide e calcitonina e evoluiu com melhoria clínica e radiológica já nas primeiras cinco semanas pós-operatórias.

The incidence of aneurysmal bone cysts is 0.14 cases per 100,000 individuals. Parosteal aneurysmal bone cysts are the least prevalent subtype and represent 7% of all aneurysmal bone cysts. We present the case of a 38-year-old male patient with pain and bulging in his right arm for eight months. He had previously been diagnosed as presenting giant-cell tumor, but his slides were reviewed and his condition was then diagnosed as parosteal aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient was treated with corticosteroid and calcitonin infiltration into the lesion and evolved with clinical and radiological improvement within the first five weeks after the operation.

Cisto ósseo aneurismático em costela / Aneurysmal bone cyst in the rib

O cisto ósseo aneurismático (COA) representa uma lesão óssea benigna, que ocorre mais frequentemente nos ossos longos ou na coluna vertebral. Relatamos um caso raro de COA com surgimento em costelas, representando apenas 2% de todos os casos deste tumor. O diagnóstico pode ser suspeitado através de exames de imagem, sendo o exame histopatológico, com o material ressecado cirurgicamente, fundamental para o diagnóstico final.

The aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone lesion that occurs most often in the long bones or spine. We report a rare case of ABC with emergence in the ribs, which represents only 2% of all cases of this tumor. The diagnosis may be suspected through imaging and histopathological examination of the surgically resected material, essential for the final diagnosis.

Cisto ósseo aneurismático da coluna vertebral: Aspectos neurocirúrgicos / Aneurysmatic bone cyst of the spine: Neurosurgical aspects

Introdução: O cisto ósseo aneurismático é uma patologia óssea rara, benigna, de etiologia desconhecida, localmente agressivae hipervascularizada. Trata-se de lesão de apresentação solitária e expansiva, com cavidades contendo material hemáticoem seu interior. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 16 anos de idade, com quadro de lombalgia e dor irradiadapara os membros inferiores de piora progressiva. Exame neurológico evidenciando paresia e parestesia no trajeto da raiz deL2 e hiporreflexia patelar bilateralmente, sendo pior à esquerda. RM da coluna vertebral evidenciou lesão óssea expansivaacometendo o corpo vertebral, pedículos e elementos posteriores da vértebra L3. O paciente foi submetido à ressecção cirúrgicada lesão, descompressão raquidiana, vertebroplastia aberta de L3 com cimento acrílico e fixação dos segmentos L2 a L5.Discussão: A ressecção cirúrgica é o tratamento mais indicado para esse tipo de lesão. Em casos em que há instabilidade dacoluna deve-se associar a artrodese, o que promove, além do controle local da lesão, a prevenção de deformidades da coluna.Conclusão: No caso aqui apresentado, a realização da ressecção do cisto ósseo aneurismático associado à vertebroplastiaaberta e artrodese da coluna permitiu adequado tratamento da instabilidade da coluna e efetivo controle da dor relacionada àdoença...

Background: Aneurysmatic bone cyst is a rare bone disease of unknown etiology, it is benign, locally aggressive, andhypervascularized. It is a solitary expansive lesion with cavities containing haematic material inside. Case Report: A 16-year-oldmale patient with progressive low back pain irradiating to the lower limbs presented at our service. Neurological examinationshowed bilateral paresia and paresthesia of L2 root, and bilateral patellar hyporeflexia. These alterations were more pronouncedin the left lower limb. MRI of the spine showed expansive bone lesion involving the vertebral body, pedicles and posterior elementsof L3. The patient was submitted to resection of the lesion, radicular decompression, open vertebroplasty with acrylic cementof L3, and fixation of segments L2 to L5. Discussion: Surgical resection is the best treatment for this pathology being able topromote local disease control. In cases of spinal instability caused by the lesion, spinal arthrodesis must be performed to preventspinal deformity. Conclusion: At the presented case, an aneurysmatic bone cyst resection associated with open vertebroplastyand spinal arthrodesis promoted adequate spinal instability and effective pain control related to the disease...

Cisto ósseo aneurismático: relato de caso / Aneurysmatic osseous cyst: a case report

O cisto ósseo aneurismático é uma lesão benigna e rara dos maxilares, que geralmente possui comportamento local agressivo. O crescimento e surgimento rápido, áreas osteolítica e abaulamentos das corticais são características clínicas comuns. Os exames complementares de imagem e histopatológico são essenciais para o correto diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar um relato de caso de cisto ósseo aneurismático, tratado cirurgicamente por isso de enucleação, e discutir a patogênese da doença, abordando seus aspectos clínicos.

The aneurysmatic osseous cyst is a benign and rare lesion of the maxillofacial complex. Its behavior is usually aggressive. Its rapid growth and onset, osteolytic areas and cortical expansion are common clinical characteristics. Radiographic imaging and a histopathological examination are essential for the correct diagnosis and planning of the surgery. The aim of this study is to present a case report of an aneurysmatic osseous cyst treated by enucleation and to discuss the etiology, addressing its clinical features.

Quiste óseo aneurismático simulando tumoración de rinofaringe / Aneurismatic bone cyst simulate rhino pharyns tumor

Los quistes óseos aneurismáticos del área de cabeza y cuello representan menos del 5% de todos los tumores óseos. Son lesiones benignas, que comúnmente afectan las metáfisis de los huesos largos y las vértebras como en el caso que se describe a continuación, simulando una lesión de la rinofaringe. Se describe su manejo y tratamiento.

The aneurismal of bone cyst of the head and neck localization, represent less than the 5% of the all bone tumors. They are benign lesions, and commonly affecting the metaphysis of the long bones and vertebrae, like in the case we described below, it simulating the rhino pharynx lesion. We describe the management and treatment.

Paraplejia secundaria a quiste óseo aneurismático de columna torácica / Paraplegia due to aneurismatic bone cyst of the thoracic spine

Objectives: Case report of progressive paraparesis secondary to Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of thoracic spine presenting over 40 years. Describe diagnostic triad: clinical, imaging and anatomopathologic examination. Describe the choice of surgical treatment and clinical outcomes. Performed literature review of Spine Aneurysmal Bone Cyst.

Objetivo: Dar a conocer el caso de un paciente que presenta una paraparesia progresiva secundaria a quiste óseo aneurismático (QOA) de columna torácica de presentación sobre los 40 años. Describir la triada diagnóstica en patología tumoral: clínica, imágenes y estudio anatomopatológico. Describir la elección del tratamiento quirúrgico y los resultados clínicos del caso. Se realiza revisión de la literatura publicada de QOA de columna.

Aneurismas cerebrales de crecimiento rápido: análisis de siete casos ilustrativos / Fast-growing brain aneurysms: analysis of seven illustrative cases

Se seleccionó de manera restrospectiva siete casos de aneurismas cerebrales que demostraron crecimiento rápido en estudios de imágenes subsecuentes. Tres estaban localizados en la circulación anterior (un aneurisma “blood blister like”, uno silviano y un “berry” aneurisma comunicante anterior) y tres en la circulación posterior (aneurismas de arteria basilar). Basado en los seis casos descritos y revisión de literatura, el crecimiento de aneurismas no relacionado al flujo sanguíneo se puede dividir en dos grupos. Uno compuesto por aneurismas aparentemente pequeños en relación al tamaño real al momento del diagnóstico angiográfico debido al trombo luminal o vasoespasmo en la arteria de origen. El otro grupo representado por aneurismas, probablemente disecantes en su origen, que crecen debido a cambios en su pared. El curso natural, así como el tratamiento de estos aneurismas implica un alto riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad.

Cisto ósseo aneurismático: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Aneurysmatic osseous cyst: a case report and literature review

O nome cisto ósseo aneurismático traz confusões, pois a lesão não é um aneurisma nem tampouco um cisto verdadeiro. Segundo a OMS, esta doença define-se como lesão osteolítica expansiva, constituída de espaços cheios de sangue, podendo ocorrer em qualquer segmento do esqueleto, sendo mais freqüente nas hastes dos ossos longos ou na coluna vertebral. Nos maxilares, esta afecção é rara, sendo a mandíbula mais acometida que a maxila. Sua sintomatologia escassa é rapidamente exacerbada com o crescimento da lesão, que geralmente é rápido, podendo causar compressão de estruturas nervosas, levando ao surgimento de sintomas, como dor local. Achados radiográficos podem ser inespecíficos, sendo que os achados tomográficos costumam ser sugestivos. O tratamento do cisto ósseo aneurismático continua controverso, apresentando uma tendência à ressecção cirúrgica, visando à remoção completa da lesão, reduzindo, assim, o índice de recidiva. O presente artigo tem por finalidade relatar um caso raro de cisto ósseo aneurismático na mandíbula, evoluído de displasia óssea bem como discutir os aspectos clínicos, imaginológicos, histológicos, diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento dessa patologia.

The term aneurysmatic osseous cyst is confusing because the lesion is neither an aneurysm nor a true cyst. According to WHO, this affection is an expansive osteolytic lesion consisting of spaces filled with blood in any segment of the skeleton, being most frequently encountered in the diaphysis of the long bones or spinal cord. The maxillae arerarely affected and its predilection is for the mandible. Its scanty symptomatology is rapidly exacerbated with the growth of the lesion, which is usually rapid and may cause compression of nervous structures leading to the emergence of symptoms such as local pain. Radiological findings may be nonspecific, while the tomography findings are generally suggestive. The management of an aneurysmatic osseous cyst is controversial, the preferred treatment being surgical resection for the complete removal of the lesion, there by reducing the rate of recurrence. This paper reports a case of aneurysmatic osseous cyst in the mandible originating in a previous osseous dysplasia and discusses the clinical, radiological and histopathological features, differential diagnosis and management of this pathosis.

Aneurysmal bone cyst at C2: imaging evaluation after intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone / Cisto ósseo aneurismático em C2: avaliação por imagem após injeção intralesional de calcitonina e metilprednisolona

Objective: To demonstrate imaging findings during the follow-up of patients with aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of C2 treated with intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone. METHOD: Three patients with ABC of C2 were treated percutaneously with intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone. All the patients were females, with ages varying from 6 to 13 years. All of them presented with cervical masses, but without neurological symptoms. RESULTS: Imaging follow-up with CT and plain films showed progressive ossification and reduction of the blood-filled cavities with volume reduction of all lesions. No recurrence was noted during the follow-up.  Conclusion: Intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone is a safe treatment option for cervical ABC. The CT scan is especially valuable as a guide of injection site and for the follow-up of ossification of the treated ABCs.

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar os aspectos de imagem no acompanhamento de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento de cisto ósseo aneurismático com injeção intralesional de calcitonina e metilprednisolona. MÉTODO: Três pacientes com cisto ósseo aneurismático em C2 foram tratados com injeção intralesional percutânea de calcitonina e metilprednisolona. Os três pacientes eram do sexo feminino com idades variando de 6 a 13 anos. Os três pacientes apresentavam massa cervical sem sintomas neurológicos. RESULTADOS: O acompanhamento por imagem com tomografia computadorizada e radiografia simples demonstrou ossificação progressiva e redução das cavidades preenchidas por sangue, com redução do volume das lesões. Não foi percebida recidiva durante o acompanhamento. CONCLUSÃO: A injeção intralesional de calcitonina e metilprednisolona é uma opção de tratamento segura para o cisto ósseo aneurismático cervical. A tomografia computadorizada é especialmente útil para orientar o sítio da punção e para o acompanhamento da ossificação dos cistos ósseos aneurismáticos tratados.