Técnicas para Manejo da Emoção de Raiva: Uma Revisão Sistemática / Anger Management Techniques: A Systematic Review / Técnicas para el Manejo de la Emoción de Rabia: Una Revisión Sistemática

Introdução: Dentre as inúmeras possibilidades que um indivíduo possui de experienciar e expressar a raiva ou a ira, não é raro que o sentimento fuja do controle e termine em hostilidade e agressões, podendo gerar consequências importantes na vida de uma pessoa e de outros ao seu redor. Diante disso, torna-se fundamental a aplicação de técnicas comprovadamente eficazes, objetivando uma maior qualidade de vida ao indivíduo e às pessoas que com ele convivem. Objetivos: Identificar as principais técnicas no manejo da raiva em adultos. Método: Revisão sistemática de artigos científicos de estudos clínicos. Resultados: Nove estudos clínicos randomizados com utilização de técnicas psicológicas para o manejo da ira foram utilizados na análise. A Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental mostrou-se predominante nas intervenções analisadas e provou-se eficaz para o controle da ira. Conclusão: Técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, em especial a psicoeducação e a reestruturação cognitiva, são as ferramentas mais frequentemente usadas para o manejo da raiva em distintos grupos clínicos de pacientes, com resultados positivos na regulação emocional.

Introduction: Among the innumerable possibilities that an individual has to experience and express anger, it is not rare that the feeling gets out of control and ends up in hostility and aggressions, which can lead to important consequences in a person's life and others around. Given this, it is fundamental to apply techniques which are proven effective, aiming at a higher quality of life for the individual and for people who live with them. Objectives: To identify the main techniques for anger management in adults. Method: Systematic review of scientific papers from clinical trials. Results: Nine randomized clinical trials using psychological techniques for anger management were used in the present analysis. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was shown to be predominant in the analyzed interventions and proved to be effective in controlling anger. Conclusion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, especially psychoeducation and cognitive restructuring, are the most frequently used techniques for anger management in several clinical groups of patients, with positive results in emotional regulation.

Introducción: Entre las innumerables posibilidades que un individuo tiene de experimentar y expresar rabia o ira, no es raro que el sentimiento huya del control y termine en hostilidad y agresiones, pudiendo generar consecuencias graves en la vida de una persona y de otros a su alrededor. Por eso, es fundamental la aplicación de técnicas comprobadamente eficaces, objetivando una mayor calidad de vida al individuo y a las personas que con él conviven. Objetivos: Identificar las principales técnicas para el manejo de la rabia en adultos. Método: Revisión Sistemática de artículos científicos de estudios clínicos. Resultados: Se utilizaron nueve estudios clínicos aleatorizados con utilización de técnicas psicológicas para el manejo de la ira en el análisis. Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual demostró ser predominante en las intervenciones analizadas y eficaz para controlar la ira. Conclusión: La Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual, en especial la psicoeducación y la reestructuración cognitiva, son las técnicas más frecuentemente usadas para el manejo de la rabia en varios grupos clínicos de pacientes, con resultados positivos en regulación emocional.

Anti-anger Effects of Herbal Medicine: A Mini-Review of Rat Studies / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the available data on the anti-anger effects of herbal medicines (HMs) as well as their underlying mechanisms in rat models.@*METHODS@#From 6 electronic databases [PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS)], relevant animal experiments were searched by using "anger," "rats," and "animal" as search keywords. The last search was conducted on November 22, 2019, and all experiments involving rat models of anger and treatment using HMs published until the date of the search were considered.@*RESULTS@#A total of 24 studies with 16 kinds of HMs were included. Most studies have used the "tail irritating method" and "social isolation and resident intruder" method to establish anger models. According to the included studies, the therapeutic mechanisms of HMs for anger regulation and important herbs by their frequency and/or preclinical evidence mainly incladed regulation of hemorheology (Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Glycyrrhizae Radix), regulation of sex hormones (Bupleuri Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), regulation of neurotransmitters (Cyperi Rhizoma), regulation of anger-related genes (Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), and other effects. Overall, Liver (Gan) qi-smoothing herbs including Bupleuri Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma were the most frequently used.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This review found the frequent methods to establish an anger model, and major mechanisms of anti-anger effects of HMs. Interestingly, some Liver qi-smoothing herbs have been frequently used to investigate the anti-anger effects of HM. These findings provide insight into the role and relevance of HMs in the field of anger management.

Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Pensamientos de Enojo para Adolescentes / Psychometric Properties of the Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents

Resumen Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Pensamientos de Enojo para Adolescentes, la cual incluye tres factores: venganza (4 ítems, por ej., "Haré sufrir a la otra persona"), pensamientos de insulto o peyorativos (5 ítems, por ej., "Es un estúpido") y pensamientos de control (10 ítems, por ej., "Tendré paciencia"). Método: La muestra fue de 522 adolescentes mexicanos de escuela pública (M de edad = 15,92, DE =0,90); 213 hombres y 309 mujeres seleccionados de forma no aleatoria. Los instrumentos fueron: la Escala de Pensamientos de Enojo para Adolescentes, el Inventario Multicultural de Expresión de la Cólera y la Hostilidad (ML-STAXI) para Adolescentes Mexicanos y la Escala de Expresión del Enojo con Agresión Física. El diseño del estudio fue instrumental. Resultados: Se encontró, por medio de análisis factorial confirmatorio que el modelo de tres factores tuvo buen ajuste (CFI = .912, SRMR = .046, RMSEA = .076). La confiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach) fue aceptable: .78, .86 y .92, respectivamente. La validez de constructo fue satisfactoria, dado que la escala fue útil para diferenciar a personas de alto y bajo puntaje en variables de enojo, control del enojo, expresión del enojo y agresión física hacia las personas y hacia los objetos. Hubo leve diferencia por sexo en una de las tres escalas, donde las mujeres tuvieron más pensamientos peyorativos que los hombres. Conclusión: La Escala de Pensamientos de Enojo para Adolescentes es una opción confiable y con validez de constructo. Representa un punto de partida para la investigación, evaluación y tratamiento de adolescentes con problemas en el control del enojo.

Abstract Objective: The goal of the study was to validate an Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents, which has three factors: revenge (4 items, e.g., "I will make the other person suffer"), insulting or pejorative thoughts (5 items, e.g., "S/he is stupid"), and thoughts of control (10 items, e.g., "I will be patient"). Method: The sample had 522 adolescents (M age = 15.92, SD = 0.90); 213 men, and 309 women from a public school; they were recruited through intentional non-random sampling. The participants answered three instruments: The Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents, The Multicultural Inventory of Anger and Hostility (ML-STAXI) for Mexican Adolescents, and the Scale of Anger Expression with Physical Aggression. The design of the study is instrumental. Results: It was found, through confirmatory factor analysis and modification indexes, that the 3-factor model showed good fit (CFI = .912, SRMR = .046, RMSEA = .076). The reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) was acceptable: .78, .86, and .92, respectively. Construct validity was satisfactory, since the scale was useful to distinguish between individuals with high and low scores in variables of anger, anger control, anger expression, and physical aggression toward people and toward objects. A gender difference was found in one of the three scales; women had more pejorative thoughts than men. Conclusion: The Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents is a reliable option with construct validity. It represents a starting point for research, assessment, and treatment of adolescents with anger problems.

Interprofessional Undergraduate Analytical Study on Anger Management

Introduction:Anger has been defined in many ways from “a negative, phenomenological (or internal) feeling state”to “a basic emotion in which the function is to provide the organism with motivated capacities to overcome obstacles”.Anger has been the subject of many discourses and its vehemence in many religions and cultures. The study aimed to determine the ability of anger management among different gender and factors associated with anger management. Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study. The validated ‘Quality of Life’ questionnaire from University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United Sates of Americaand Novaco Anger Scale from Mental Health America of Northern Kentucky & Southwest Ohio (WHOQOL-BREF) were used for students’ perception on anger management. Quantitative data were analyzed using Epi Info Version. 7 Software. Results:The total of 358 students participated in this study. There is a significant association between anger management among different ethnicity.Conclusion: Gender was not a significant factor in anger management, it was probably due to equal opportunity among male and female in acquiring education, application for scholarships and usage of education facilities. Gender equality had a big impact in enhancing the good anger management properties

The Mediating Effects of Social Support and a Grateful Disposition on the Relationship between Life Stress and Anger in Korean Nursing Students

PURPOSE: Anger management is a very important issue for nursing education. However, there is a lack of research identifying related factors. This study examined the mediating effects of social support and a grateful disposition on the relationship between life stress and anger in nursing students. METHODS: The participants were 172 nursing students recruited from two universities in cities in South Korea. Baron and Kenny's regression method and the Sobel test were used to analyze the mediating effects of social support and a grateful disposition on the association between life stress and anger. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between life stress, social support, a grateful disposition, and anger. In addition, social support and a grateful disposition exerted full mediating effects on the relationship between life stress and anger. CONCLUSION: Based on this study's results, enhancing social support and grateful disposition could help nursing students who experience anger resulting from life stress to manage their anger effectively. This finding suggests that, as specific strategies for anger management, nursing educators should encourage nursing students to use sources of social support and to engage in various gratitude activities.

The Effect of an Internet-Based Anger Management Program for School-Aged Children to Prevent School Violence

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of an internet-based anger management program for school-aged children. METHODS: Forty-eight elementary school students took part in an anger management training program; subsequently, participants, their parents, and their teachers answered questionnaires assessing the participants' anger, aggressiveness, and other emotional/behavioral problems, pre- and post-training. RESULTS: At the post-training self-assessment, the participants showed significant reductions in their "anger-out" tendencies and physical aggressiveness. In addition, the effects of the program on "anger-out" tendencies, aggressiveness, anger and peer relational problem were found to be more significant in participants who reported depressive symptoms. Teachers rated the participants' peer-relational problems as having decreased after the training. CONCLUSION: The proposed internet-based anger management program had a significant effect on the school-aged children's abilities to control their anger.

Estudo de caso: treino cognitivo de controle da raiva em paciente com hipertensão leve / Case study: anger management training of a hypertensive patient

O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar o estudo de caso de um participante do grupo de Treino Cognitivo de Controle da Raiva desenvolvido por Lipp. Foi testada a hipótese de que o TCCR reduziria o stress das relações interpessoais e também a reatividade cardiovascular durante momentos de stress. Instrumentos utilizados: Inventário de Expressão de Raiva Traço e Estado - STAXI; Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos - ISSL; monitor de pressão contínua e de frequência cardíaca - FINAPRES. Os resultados indicaram diminuição da raiva estado e traço, temperamento e reação, raiva para fora, controle e expressão da raiva; diminuição do percentual de stress e pressão arterial apresentados pelo participante durante as sessões experimentais; diminuição dos comportamentos de raiva e aumento dos comportamentos de ação responsável ao longo das intervenções. Conclui-se que a modificação dos comportamentos alvos do participante indica a efetividade do TCCR para o controle da raiva e do stress.

The objective of the present work is to present a case study of one of the participants of the Anger Management Training program developed by Lipp. The hypothesis tested was that anger management training would reduce interpersonal stress as well as cardiovascular reactivity during moments of stress. The psychological evaluation used the State-Trait Anger Inventory and the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory. Finger blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously during the laboratory session using the Finapress methodology. Results indicated a significant decrease in several of the anger sub-scales, such as state, trait, temperament, reaction, anger-out, control and expression of anger. They also showed decreases in stress levels and blood pressure reactivity during the experimental sessions. Analyses of the transcript of the anger management sessions revealed a decrease in anger behavior and an increase in appropriate actions. It was concluded that the changes in target behavior shown by the participant indicate the effectiveness of the training in reducing stress and anger.

The management of an adolescent with conduct problems in a primary care clinic - A case report

Purpose: To describe the management of mild conduct problems in an adolescent at the primary care level. Case report: A 16 year old girl presented with conduct problems with impending school suspension. The cause of her behavioural problems was mainly related to poor parenting skills of her parents and anger in herself. She was successfully managed with counselling and improvement of parenting styles in her parents. Conclusion: This case report illustrates the opportunity for family physicians to manage simple conduct problems at primary care level.