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Purpose: In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical staining of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and Hif-1α expression in placentas of pregnant woman with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Methods: Placentas of 20 normotensive and 20 women with HELLP syndrome were processed for routine histological tissue processing. The biochemical and clinical parameters of patients were recorded. Placentas were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and SOX9 and Hif-1α immunostaining. Results: Normotensive placentas showed normal histology of placenta, however placentas of HELLP syndrome showed intense thrombosis, thinning of the villi membrane and vascular dilatation. In placentas of normotensive patients, SOX9 reaction was immunohistochemically negative, however placentas of HELLP group showed SOX9 expression in decidual cells, and syncytial regions of floating villi and inflammatory cells. In placentas of normotensive patients, Hif-1α reaction was mainly negative in vessels and connective tissue cells. Placentas of HELLP group showed increased Hif-1α expression in decidual cell and especially inflammatory cells in the maternal region. Conclusions: Hif-1α and SOX9 proteins can be used as a marker to show severity of preeclampsia and regulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis during placental development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Placenta , Pre-Eclampsia , Cell Proliferation , SOX9 Transcription FactorABSTRACT
Objective To investigate Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) protein expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma,and to evaluate the relationship between TLR4 protein expression and angiogenesis.Methods Sixty-two surgically resected human pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens and 35 normal para-cancerous tissues were investigated for TLR4 protein expression by immunohistochemical SP methods,and CD31 antibody was used to mark microvascular endothelial cells and determine the microvessel density (MVD).The correlation among TLR4 protein expression and MVD and clinicopathologic features of pancreatic adenocarcinoma were analyzed.Results TLR4 protein positive expression rate and MVD in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma was 74.2％ (46/62) and 47.3 ± 13.5,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the normal pancreatic tissue [17.1％ (6/35),12.6 ±4.8; P ＜0.01].TLR4 protein positive expression rate in the cases with lymph node metastasis was 83.8％,which was significantly higher than that in the cases without lymph node metastasis (60.0％,P =0.036).TLR4 protein positive expression rate in the patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ of TNM classification was 85.3％,which was significantly higher than that in the patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (60.7％,P=0.028).MVD was closely related to tumor size,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P =0.008,0.036,0.010).There was a strong positive correlation between TLR4 protein expression and MVD (r =0.534,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions TLR4 protein expression is closely related to the development and progression of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its potential mechanism is related to the promotion of tumor angiogenesis.
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Objective: Since VEGF-A, C, D and their receptors had been identified to be associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, the purpose of this study consists in: (1) to evaluate the relationship between VEGF-A, C, D and their receptor expression in tumor cells or tissues and tumor metastasis rate and path; (2) to explore whether VEGF-A, C or D can be used as parameters for predicting tumor metastasis. Methods: Two allograft and four human xenograft mouse subcutaneous tumor models were established to observe the tumor metastasis. Vascular-path metastasis was confirmed by tumor metastasis in the lung, liver and lymphatic-path metastasis was identified by tumor metastasis in lymph nodes. VEGF-A, C, D and their receptor VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and lymphatic endothelium marker, LYVE-1, in tumor cells and tumor tissues were detected by real-time RT-PCR and then correlated with tumor metastasis rate and path. Results: Among the six tumor models, the most common metastases took place in the lung and liver, accounting for 61%-100% and 16%-100%, respectively. The lymph node metastases were observed in two allograft mouse subcutaneous tumor models. Higher VEGF-A expression level was accompanied with more metastases in the lung and liver and more VEGF-C expression was also correlated with lymph node metastasis, but no correlation between VEGF-D and lymphatic metastasis was observed. Conclusion: VEGF-A plays a pivotal role in tumor vascular-path metastasis and VEGF-C is important to tumor lymphatic-path metastasis.
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Objective: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 in carcinoma of the gastric cardia, and to evaluate the relationship between Cox-2 expression and angiogenesis. Methods: Forty-six resected tumor specimens from patients with carcinoma of the gastric cardia were collected, and 21 corresponding paracancerous normal tissues were randomly selected as controls. Immunohistochemical staining was used for detecting the expression of Cox-2. Monoclonal antiboty against CD34 was used for labeling vascular endothelial cells, and microvascular density (MVD) was determined by counting CD34-positive vascular endothelial cells. The correlations of Cox-2 expression and MVD with clinicopathological parameters of the patients were analyzed. Results: The positive expression rate of Cox-2 and MVD value in the cancerous tissue were 80.4% and 31.95 ± 3.87, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the pericancerous normal tissues (14.3%, 16.28 ± 1.55; P <0.01). The positive expression level of Cox-2 and MVD value were associated with clinical TNM staging and lymph node metastasis. The Spearman rank correlation test showed that tumor MVD were closely associated with Cox-2 expression. Conclusion: Abnormal expression of Cox-2 and angiogenesis play important roles in tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis of carcinoma of the gastric cardia.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming one of the common malignant tumors worldwide, and it is characterized by its high vascularity. Caveolin is the major structural protein in caveolae, which are small omega-shaped invaginations within the plasma membrane. Caveolin has been implicated in mitogenic signaling, oncogenesis and angiogenesis. The expression of caveolin-1 and -2 in HCC and its potential relationship with angiogenesis has not been examined. METHODS: Paraffin sections of 35 HCC specimens were immunostained with caveolin-1, caveolin-2, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and CD34 antibodies. In addition, the expression of caveolin-1 and -2 mRNA in HCC was examined. The relationship between the radiological findings and the number of unpaired arteries and microvessel density (MVD) was also investigated. RESULTS: Caveolin-1 and -2 were expressed in the sinusoidal endothelial cells in 20 out of 35, and 18 out of 35 HCC specimens, respectively. Caveolin-1 and -2 were also expressed in the smooth muscle cells of the unpaired arteries in 26 out of 35, and 18 out of 35 HCC specimens, respectively. Increased expression of caveolin-1 and -2 mRNA was detected in 26.7% and 33.3% of the tumor specimens, respectively, compared with the corresponding non-tumorous adjacent liver tissues. There was a significant correlation between expression of caveolin-1, -2 in the smooth muscle cells of unpaired arteries and the number of unpaired arteries. The number of unpaired arteries in HCCs was found to be associated with the degree of contrast enhancement in the arterial phase imaging. However, it did not correlate with the degree of MVD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the expression of caveolin-1, -2 is associated with the formation of unpaired arteries in HCC. In addition, there is a correlation between the degree of contrast enhancement of the HCC in the arterial phase image and the number of unpaired arteries.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply , Caveolin 1/genetics , Caveolin 2/genetics , Hepatic Artery/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/blood supply , Neoplasm Staging , Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A Review Angiogenesis plays a key role in progression of prostate cancer. Antigiogenesis becomes a new treament target for prastate cancer. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis inhibitor in prastate cancer. [
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Many snake venoms contain complex mixtures of pharmacologically important molecules, some of which show potential therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer and other human disorders. In this review, we mainly reports the effects of snake venom active components, such as disintegrins and lectins in paralyzing cancer cells, blocking on cell migration, interaction with integrins, inhibition of tumor dissemination and angiogenesis. The advanced researches on the snake venom's apoptosis-inducing components on tumors are also introduced. [
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AIM: To study the expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and receptor-CD36, and investigate the relationship between tumor invasive capability and microvessel density and thrombospondin-1. METHODS: 43 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases were under investigation. Tissues from tumor, corresponding adjacent non-HCC tissue were stained with CD34 to show the MVD. TSP-1 and CD36 were examined by immunohistochemistry (SP) and RT-PCR. Relationship between clinical pathological features and above parameters was analyed. RESULTS: The staining of TSP-1 in HCC tissue is significantly lower than that in corresponding adjacent non-HCC tissue. Expression of TSP-1 was correlated to tumor thrombi, capsule, tumor invasive capability and CD36. CD36 was also correlated to tumor thrombi and tumor invasive capability. MVD was significantly higher in TSP-1, CD36 positive group than that in negative group. CONCLUSION: TSP-1 inhibits the growth, invasion and angiogenesis in HCC. TSP-1 may take effect through CD36.