Resultados en el corto y mediano plazo del tratamiento endovascular en la enfermedad arterial obstructiva infrapoplítea en pacientes con isquemia crítica de una extremidad / Short to midterm results after endovascular approach in critical limb isquemia in patients with below-the-knee arterial disease

Resumen Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados en el corto y mediano plazo del tratamiento endovascular de angioplastia transluminal percutánea (ATP) con balón en pacientes en estado de isquemia crítica por enfermedad arterial obstructiva infrapoplítea. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los pacientes hospitalizados entre 2009 y 2018 por isquemia crítica Fontaine III o IV sometidos a una ATP del territorio infrapoplíteo. Se observó como objetivos primarios la preservación de la extremidad afectada y la mortalidad posoperatoria a un año plazo, y como objetivos secundarios los procedimientos adicionales en pacientes con lesiones o necrosis distales, estadía hospitalaria, complicaciones posoperatorias y necesidad de reintervención. Resultados: Se incluyeron 42 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 66 años (46-82), con importantes comorbilidades. Un 83,3% ingresó en etapa Fontaine IV. En 16 casos se realizó una angioplastia percutánea en más de una arteria. No se colocó stents. Se presentaron complicaciones en 3 pacientes, 2 requirieron una amputación mayor y en otro se debió efectuar un nuevo procedimiento endovascular de rescate. La estadía hospitalaria promedio fue 22 días. No hubo mortalidad precoz posprocedimiento. La mortalidad global a un año fue 9,5%. A todos los pacientes en etapa Fontaine IV se les efectuó algún procedimiento adicional, a 31 una amputación menor, 3 cerraron sus lesiones por segunda intención y en otro se realizó un injerto dermo-epidérmico. De los 35 pacientes con seguimiento, 77% preservó su extremidad a un año. Conclusión: La reparación endovascular mediante una angioplastia percutánea en estos casos es un procedimiento seguro y tiene una alta tasa de preservación de la extremidad inicial a un año de seguimiento.

Aim: Show initial and midterms results of endovascular Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) in critical limb isquemia (CLI) patients caused by below-the-knee arterial disease. Materials and Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. 42 CLI patients admitted in our hospital from 2009 until 2018 with Fontaine III or IV treated by PTA in infrapopliteal arteries were analyzed, collecting demographic, clinical and surgical characteristics, additional procedures in Fontaine IV, hospital stay, postoperative complications, need of reintervention, limb preservation and mortality with one year follow-up after procedure. Results: 42 patients, average age 66 year-old (46-82), with significant comorbidities. Fontaine IV stage patients were 83.3%. In 16 cases more than one artery was intervened. No stent revascularization was performed. Complications occurred in 3 patients, 2 required major amputation and an urgent endovascular reintervention was required in another. Average hospital stay was 22 days with no post-operative mortality. One-year global mortality was 9.5 One-year follow-up in 35 patients shows that 77% preserved their limb. Conclusión: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedure in this patients has a high rate of limb preservation in a one-year follow-up. There was no post-operative mortality.

Endovascular stenting with a drug-eluting stent of transplanted renal artery stenosis in a dual kidney transplanted patient / Tratamento endovascular com stent farmacológico em estenose de artéria renal transplantada de paciente com transplante renal duplo

Abstract Renal transplant remains the preferred therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Given the shortage of suitable donor kidneys, use of an expanded criteria donor (ECD) allows marginal kidneys to be transplanted; albeit at risk of increased graft failure due to lower nephron mass. To reduce the risk of graft failure, double kidney transplant (DKT) is advocated, with favorable outcomes. Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is one of the most common vascular complications following renal transplant. Unlike single kidney transplants, where TRAS usually presents with fluid overload, uncontrolled hypertension, and worsening kidney functions; it may be clinically silent in DKT patients since they have two functional transplanted kidneys. We hereby report a case of TRAS in a DKT patient who had 2 years of favorable clinical outcomes following successful endovascular stenting. He however recently died of COVID-19 associated pneumonitis.

Resumo O transplante renal continua sendo a terapia preferida para doenças renais em fase terminal. Dada a escassez de rins de doadores adequados, o doador com critérios expandidos permite que rins marginais sejam transplantados, embora haja um maior risco de falha do enxerto devido à diminuição da massa nefrótica. Para diminuir o risco de falha do enxerto, recomenda-se o transplante renal duplo (TRD), com resultados favoráveis. A estenose de artéria renal transplantada (EART) é uma das complicações vasculares mais comuns após o transplante renal. Ao contrário dos transplantes de rim simples, nos quais a EART geralmente se manifesta como sobrecarga de fluido, hipertensão descontrolada e piora das funções renais, ela pode ser clinicamente silenciosa em pacientes com TRD, pois eles têm dois rins funcionais transplantados. Relatamos aqui um caso de EART em um paciente com TRD que teve resultados clínicos favoráveis por dois anos após o sucesso do implante de stent endovascular. No entanto, ele morreu recentemente de pneumonite associada à covid-19.

Angioplastia de tronco de coronária esquerda / Angioplasty of left main coronary artery

Reportamos o caso de uma paciente de 92 anos comquadro de insuficiência cardíaca e angina instável recorrente,em vigência de tratamento clínico otimizado, queapresentava alto risco cirúrgico e foi submetida à angioplastiapercutânea e colocação de kissing stent revestidoem lesão distal de tronco de coronária esquerda não protegido,apresentando após o procedimento melhora doquadro sem novos episódios de angina ou insuficiênciacardíaca.

We report the case of a patient of 92 years with heartfailure and unstable angina despite optimal medicaltreatment with high surgical risk who underwent angioplastyand kissing coated stent placement distal to thelesion in the left main coronary artery. After the procedurepresented clinical improvement without new episodesof angina or heart failure.

Isquemia intestinal por estenosis de la arteria mesentérica superior. Tratamiento con angioplastia e implante de stent / Intestinal ischemia due to stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery. Treatment with angioplasty and stent implantation

La isquemia intestinal crónica es un cuadro poco frecuente que se encuentra asociado a una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La causa más frecuente es la arterioesclerosis. Los pacientes sufren de dolor abdominal periumbilical o en epigastrio, que aparece de 10 a 30 minutos luego de la ingestión de alimentos. Presentamos un caso de isquemia intestinal crónica diagnosticado por colonoscopia con biopsias. Se practicó arteriografía que mostró estenosis de la arteria mesentérica superior y se trató con angioplastia percutánea e implante de stent. El paciente presentó completa mejoría clínica y endoscópica. Se comentan los hallazgos clínicos, endoscópicos, radiológicos y el procedimiento terapéutico. Creemos que el tratamiento con arteriografía, angioplastia y colocación de stent es una alternativa que puede mejorar los resultados clínicos disminuyendo la morbimortalidad en esta patología.

Chronic mesenteric arterial ischemia is an uncommon condition associated with a high morbidity and mortality. It is most commonly caused by atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Patients may suffer epigastric or periumbilical post prandial pain, ten to thirty minutes after eating. A case of chronic mesenteric ischemia is presented due to superior mesenteric artery stenosis. The diagnosis was performed with colonoscopy and biopsy. We present a case report of a patient with chronic mesenteric ischemia. Mesenteric arteriography was performed and documented estenosis of the mesenteric superior artery. Then, percutaneus arteriography with angioplasty and implant of stent was performed. The patient became completely asymptomatic and normal colon mucosa is observed in a control colonoscopy. The purpose of this report is to present the case, endoscopic, clinic and radiological features and to describe the percutaneous angioplasty and implant of stent.We believe that angioplasty treatment offers an improvement in this pathology with a low complication rate, and increasing patient confort degree.

O papel da heparina de baixo peso molecular na angina instável, infarto agudo do miocárdio e pós-angioplastia percutânea transluminal coronária eletiva / The role of low-molecular-weight heparin in unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and post-elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SC) low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) compared to intravenous (IV) non fractioned heparin (NFH) in unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. METHODS: From September/92 to April/94, 314 patients were randomized in two groups. Group I-- 154 patients treated with SC LMWH, using in the 1st phase SC LMWH with a dosage of 160 UaXa IC/kg/day (group IA--92 patients), and in the 2nd, a dosage of 320 UaXa IC/kg/day (group IB--62 patients). Group II--160 patients treated with IV NFH 100UI/kg (bolus), followed by 1000UI/h with adjusted dosage by activated partial thromboplastin time. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference among the three groups in relation to cardiac events, hemorrhagic complications and deaths. CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy and safety of SC LMWH in patients with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were similar to IV NFH with the dosages used in this study.

Objetivo - Comparar a eficácia clínica e segurança da heparina de baixo peso molecular (HPBM) subcutânea (SC) à da heparina não fracionada (HNF) intravenosa (IV) na angina instável, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e pós-angioplastia percutânea transluminal coronária. Métodos - De setembro/92 a abril/94, foram randomizados 314 pacientes, em 2 grupos: grupo 1 com 154 pacientes, tratados com HBPM via SC, usando na 1ª fase a dose de 160 UaXa IC/kg/dia (grupo IA - 92 pacientes) e na 2ª, a dose de 320 UaXalC/kgldia (grupo IB - 62 pacientes); grupo II com 160 pacientes, tratados com HNF via IV, 100UI/kg (bolus), seguido de 1000UI/h, infusão contínua, ajustando-se a dose de acordo como tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativado (TTPa). Resultados - Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos em relação a eventos cardíacos, complicações hemorrágicas e óbitos. Conclusão - A eficácia clínica e segurança do uso da HBPM SC em pacientes com angina instável, IAM e pós-angioplastia percutânea transluminal coronária foi semelhante à HNF IV com as doses empregadas neste estudo