Secuestro pulmonar intralobar: hallazgo clínico-radiológico. Presentación de un caso / Intralobar pulmonary sequestration. Presentation of the case

RESUMEN Se presentó una mujer de 40 años con antecedentes de asma bronquial atendida en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras de La Habana. Refirió historia de un mes de evolución de tos seca, dolor torácico en hemitórax izquierdo, falta de aire y en dos ocasiones fiebre de 38 °C. Cumplió tratamiento para el proceso infeccioso respiratorio sin resolución. En la radiografía de tórax se evidenció una lesión radiopaca en el lóbulo inferior izquierdo y se confirmó el secuestro pulmonar intralobar con la angiotomografía pulmonar. En el secuestro pulmonar se requiere del uso adecuado de método clínico para su diagnóstico y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas definitivas.

ABSTRACT Forty years old woman with a history of severe asthma assisted to the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras in Havana, presenting the following symptoms: dry cough, chest pain in left hemithorax, shortness of breath and fever with a temperature of 38°C twice in the month. The patient was under treatment to control a respiratory infection, with no resolution reported. Radiography of the thorax revealed a radiopaque lesion in the left lower lobe, and lung sequestration was confirmed by pulmonary angiography. An appropiate use of clinical methods is required to diagnose and undertake the right therapy decisions about the intralobar lung sequestration.

Secuestro pulmonar intralobar: hallazgo clínico-radiológico. presentación de un caso / Intralobar pulmonary sequestration. presentation of the case

Se presentó una mujer de 40 años con antecedentes de asma bronquial atendida en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" de La Habana. Refirió historia de un mes de evolución de tos seca, dolor torácico en hemitórax izquierdo, falta de aire y en dos ocasiones fiebre de 38 °C. Cumplió tratamiento para el proceso infeccioso respiratorio sin resolución. En la radiografía de tórax se evidenció una lesión radiopaca en el lóbulo inferior izquierdo y se confirmó el secuestro pulmonar intralobar con la angiotomografía pulmonar. En el secuestro pulmonar se requiere del uso adecuado de método clínico para su diagnóstico y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas definitivas(AU)

Forty years old woman with a history of severe asthma assisted to the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" in Havana, presenting the following symptoms: dry cough, chest pain in left hemithorax, shortness of breath and fever with a temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) twice in the month. The patient was under treatment to control a respiratory infection, with no resolution reported. Radiography of the thorax revealed a radiopaque lesion in the left lower lobe, and lung sequestration was confirmed by pulmonary angiography. An appropiate use of clinical methods is required to diagnose and undertake the right therapy decisions about the intralobar lung sequestration(AU)

Pulmonary 64-MDCT angiography with 50 mL of iodinated contrast material in an unselected patient population: a feasible protocol / Angiografia pulmonar em tomógrafo de 64 detectores com 50 mL de contraste iodado: protocolo de aquisição factível em uma população não selecionada de pacientes

Abstract Objective: To propose a protocol for pulmonary angiography using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) with 50 mL of iodinated contrast material, in an unselected patient population, as well as to evaluate vascular enhancement and image quality. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 29 patients (22-86 years of age). The body mass index ranged from 19.0 kg/m2 to 41.8 kg/m2. Patients underwent pulmonary CT angiography in a 64-MDCT scanner, receiving 50 mL of iodinated contrast material via venous access at a rate of 4.5 mL/s. Bolus tracking was applied in the superior vena cava. Two experienced radiologists assessed image quality and vascular enhancement. Results: The mean density was 382 Hounsfield units (HU) for the pulmonary trunk; 379 and 377 HU for the right and left main pulmonary arteries, respectively; and 346 and 364 HU for the right and left inferior pulmonary arteries, respectively. In all patients, subsegmental arteries were analyzed. There were streak artifacts from contrast material in the superior vena cava in all patients. However, those artifacts did not impair the image analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that pulmonary angiography using 64-MDCT with 50 mL of iodinated contrast can produce high quality images in unselected patient populations.

Resumo Objetivo: Propusemos um protocolo com 50 mL de contraste, sem seleção de população e testamos o contraste vascular e a qualidade de imagem. Materiais e Métodos: Vinte e nove pacientes com idades entre 22 e 86 anos, com índice de massa corporal de 19,0 a 41,8 kg/m2, realizaram angiografia pulmonar em equipamento de 64 detectores. Foram injetados 50 mL de contraste iodado em acesso venoso periférico, na taxa de 4,5 mL/s2, com técnica de bolus tracking na veia cava superior. Dois radiologistas experientes avaliaram o realce vascular e a qualidade de imagem. Resultados: A densidade média no tronco pulmonar, ramos direito e esquerdo, artérias pulmonares inferiores direita e esquerda foram, respectivamente, 382, 379, 377, 346 e 364 unidades Hounsfield. Artérias subsegmentares foram avaliadas em todos os casos. Artefatos por restos de contraste na veia cava superior estavam presentes em todos os casos, sem prejudicar a avaliação das imagens. Conclusão: Angiotomografia pulmonar pode ser realizada com 50 mL de contraste iodado, sem necessidade de seleção dos pacientes e apesar de suas características físicas, com boa qualidade de imagem.

Tromboembolismo pulmonar sin infarto diagnosticado en una radiografía de tórax / Pulmonary thromboembolism without infarction diagnosed by chest roentgenography

Se presenta un paciente del sexo masculino de 23 años de edad, asintomático, con antecedentes patológicos personales de tromboflebitis migratriz en estudio. Se le realizó radiografía de tórax, en la cual se observó imagen hipertransparente basal derecha (signo de Westermark) con vasos escasos a ese nivel e hilio ipsilateral de mayor tamaño, lo que hizo sospechar tromboembolismo pulmonar sin infarto. Se realizó angiotomografía pulmonar, comprobándose dicho diagnóstico al encontrar amputada la arteria segmentaria basal lateral derecha. La radiografía de tórax tiene baja sensibilidad y especificidad para la confirmación de tromboembolismo pulmonar; no obstante, no se debe olvidar que sigue siendo el examen por el que se inicia el estudio, porque resulta el método menos costoso, disponible en todas las instituciones de salud, que permite descartar otras afecciones capaces de simularlo, y en algunos casos, como este, permite incluso, hacer el diagnóstico.

A male 23-year-old asymptomatic patient presents with a personal history of migratory thrombophlebitis under study. Chest roentgenography showed a right basal hypertransparent image (Westermark sign) with scarce vessels at that level and a larger ipsilateral hilum, which raised the suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism without infarction. The diagnosis was confirmed when pulmonary angiotomography showed that the right lateral basal segmental artery was amputated. Chest roentgenography has low sensitivity and specificity for the confirmation of pulmonary thromboembolism. However, it should be remembered that it continues to be the first test performed in the examination, due to its low cost and its availability in all health care centers, allowing to rule out other conditions which could simulate pulmonary thromboembolism, and in some cases, such as this one, even making it possible to reach a diagnosis.