Effect of varus and valgus angles of tibial prosthesis on short-term outcome of fixed bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Previous studies on the effects of valgus and varus angles of tibial component on short-term postoperative outcomes after mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty have been reported in and outside China.However,there are few reports on the effect of the valgus and varus angles of tibial component on short-term postoperative outcomes after fixed bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of valgus and varus angles of tibial component on short-term clinical outcomes in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis undergoing fixed bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. METHODS:120 patients(122 knees)who underwent fixed bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for medial knee osteoarthritis in Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from August 2020 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects.Two physicians measured the varus angle of femoral prosthesis,valgus and varus angles of tibial prosthesis,flexion and extension angles of femoral prosthesis,and posterior inclination angle of tibial prosthesis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty based on postoperative X-ray.After excluding the influence of the other three angles,the measurement results of the tibial component varus angle were divided into three groups:<-2°,-2° to 2°,>2°,which were denoted as groups 1,2,and 3,respectively.The range of knee motion,the hospital for special surgery knee score,the American knee society score,and forgotten joint score were recorded and compared before and after the operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 120 patients(122 knees)were enrolled in this study.They were divided into three groups according to the size of the valgus and varus angles of the tibial prosthesis after operation:37 patients in the first group,60 patients in the second group,and 23 patients in the third group.There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of baseline information such as age,gender,and side of surgery(P>0.05).(2)Patients were followed up for 3-30 months after arthroplasty.(3)The hospital for special surgery knee score of the second group was higher than that of the first group(P=0.015)and the third group(P=0.012).The American knee society score of the second group was significantly higher than that of the first group(P=0.014)and the third group(P<0.001).The forgotten joint score of the second group was higher than that of the first group(P=0.033)and the third group(P=0.016).(4)After fixed bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,when the valgus angle of tibial prosthesis was-2° to 2°,which can achieve better short-term clinical results,the degree of prosthesis self-realization is higher.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for maxillary molar distalization in adult patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.

Diferencias biomecánicas entre jugadores avanzados y amateur en la ejecución del tiro libre en fútbol / Diferenças biomecânicas entre jogadores avançados e amadores na execução do pontapé livre no futebol / Biomechanical differences between advanced and amateur players in the execution of the free kick in soccer

RESUMEN El tiro libre en el fútbol es una de las técnicas deportivas de importancia, la cual permite reanudar el juego luego de la falta cometida por el otro jugador. La potenciación de la habilidad motriz específica permite desarrollar mayores rendimientos a corto y largo plazo, por lo cual su caracterización es importante para desarrollar metodologías especializadas en las etapas de iniciación deportiva. En tal sentido, la presente investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar las diferencias biomecánicas del tiro libre entre jugadores avanzados y amateur de fútbol. Este estudio es de tipo descriptivo-explicativo de orden correlacional, se diagnostican intencionalmente a 30 futbolistas de la Escuela de Fútbol Chiqui Park (16-32 años de edad), clasificados en dos grupos independientes, el grupo 1 con futbolistas avanzados, y el grupo 2 con futbolistas de nivel amateur. Se evalúan tres variables: el ángulo inicial de la Fase unipodal (AIFU), el ángulo final de la fase final (AFF), y el tiempo de ejecución del tiro libre (TE). No se evidencian diferencias significativas entre grupos independientes en las variables angulares AIFU (p=0.683) y AFF (p=0.389), y una diferencia significativa a favor del grupo 2 en la variable TE (p=0.000). Sin embargo, todos los rangos promedios favorecieron a los futbolistas de nivel avanzado. Existe la necesidad de establecer integralmente mayores estudios que caractericen las categorías formativas estudiadas, sirviendo de base teórica y metodología que fundamente el desarrollo de acciones técnico-tácticas y físicas de consideración en los procesos de dirección del entrenamiento deportivo.

RESUMO O pontapé livre no futebol é uma das técnicas desportivas mais importantes, que permite o reinício do jogo após uma falta cometida pelo outro jogador. A potenciação da habilidade motora específica permite o desenvolvimento de desempenhos mais elevados a curto e longo prazo, razão pela qual a sua caracterização é importante para desenvolver metodologias especializadas nas fases de iniciação ao desporto. Neste sentido, o objectivo desta investigação era analisar as diferenças biomecânicas do pontapé livre entre jogadores de futebol avançados e amadores. Este estudo é de um tipo descritivo-explicativo de ordem correlacional, 30 jogadores de futebol da Escola de Futebol do Chiqui Park (16-32 anos de idade) são intencionalmente diagnosticados, classificados em dois grupos independentes, grupo 1 com jogadores de futebol avançados, e grupo 2 com jogadores de futebol amadores. São avaliados os seguintes São avaliadas três variáveis de interesse: o ângulo inicial da fase unipodal (AIFU), o ângulo final da fase final (AFF), e o tempo de execução do lançamento livre (TE). Não foram evidentes diferenças significativas entre grupos independentes nas variáveis angulares AIFU (p=0,683) e AFF (p=0,389), e uma diferença significativa a favor do grupo 2 na variável TE (p=0,000). No entanto, todas as gamas médias favoreceram os jogadores de nível avançado. Há necessidade de estabelecer de forma abrangente outros estudos que caracterizem as categorias de formação estudadas, servindo como base teórica e metodológica para o desenvolvimento de ações técnico-tácticas e físicas de consideração nos processos de gestão da formação desportiva.

ABSTRACT The free kick in soccer is one of the important sports techniques, which allows the game to resume after a foul committed by the other player. The enhancement of specific motor skills allows the development of higher performance in the short and long term, for which its characterization is important to develop specialized methodologies in the stages of sports initiation. In this sense, the present research aimed to analyze the biomechanical differences of the free kick between advanced and amateur soccer players. This study is of a descriptive-explanatory type of correlational order, 30 soccer players from the Chiqui Park Soccer School (16-32 years of age) are intentionally diagnosed, classified into two independent groups, group 1 with advanced soccer players, and group 2 with amateur level soccerers. Three variables of interest are evaluated: the Initial Angle of the Unipodal Phase (AIFU in Spanish), the Final Angle of the Final Phase (AFF in Spanish), and the Execution Time of the Free Throw (TE in Spanish). There are no significant differences between independent groups in the angular variables AIFU (p=0.683) and AFF (p=0.389), and a significant difference in favor of group 2 in the variable TE (p=0.000). However, all the average ranges favored the advanced level players. There is a need to comprehensively establish larger studies that characterize the training categories studied, serving as a theoretical basis and methodology that supports the development of technical-tactical and physical actions of consideration in the processes of sports training management.

A Cross Sectional Study To Determine The Prevalance Of Occludable Angles In Hypermetropes

Background:Hypermetropic eyes are generally smaller in globe volume, resulting in crowding of anterior chamber when the lens size is normal.The aim of this study is to document the prevalence of occludable angles in hypermetropes visiting tertiary eye care centre of western region of India and to highlight the importance of screening for angle closure suspects inhigh risk groups. Material And Methods:This cross sectional study is based on clinical study of patients attended by M & J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology. The study group was divided into two subgroups: patients who are hyperopic on refraction and patients who are either emmetropic or myopic. Relative risk and Odd’s ratio was calculated for relation between refractive error and occludable angle. Result:Risk of Occludable angle in hypermetropes = 0.23.Risk of Occludable angle in myopes and emmetropes = 0.06. Relative risk in hypermetropes = 4.15 i.e. hypermetropes have nearly 4 times risk of developing occludable angle than myopes and emmetropes. Relative risk in myopes and emmetropes = 0.24 i.e. myopes and emmetropes have 0.24 times risk of de veloping occludable angle than hypermetropes.Odd’s ratio in the first group = 5.1 i.e. the possibility for a patient with occludable angle being a hypermetrope.Odd’s ratio in the second group = 0.2 i.e. the possibility for a patient with occludable angle being a myope or an emmetrope. Conclusion:When occludable angle is detected on gonioscopy in > 270 degrees, a peripheral iridectomy can be performed as a prophylactic measure and patients can be given a liberal follow up. A society like India where people have less awareness regarding glaucoma being a silent thief and not understanding the importance follow up examination in glaucoma, gonioscopy should be made a part of routine examination and peripheral iridotomy done as necessary.

The reliability of smartphone goniometry technology in measuring postural changes in South African female youths carrying head loads

Background: Four empirical studies have measured the impact of head-loading on female African porters posture using expensive radiography and manual kin anthropometry and goniometry. The reliability of cheaper, pragmatic smartphone goniometric technology as an alternate clinical tool to assess posture is needed. Objectives: This study was designed to test the inter-rater reliability of smartphone goniometry technology against manual goniometry in measuring selected sagittal postural angles in South African female youth who habitually head-load. Methods: Female South African youth who habitually headload voluntarily participated in the study (N = 100) and were randomly allocated into experimental (n = 50) and control (n = 50) groups. An observational randomized control design involving a pre-test post-test crossover was used, after which the control group crossed over into the experimental group and vice versa. The control group stood in the unloaded phase without a head load, while the experimental group carried the head load. The daily head loads and body mass were measured on an electronic scale. Demographic characteristics (age, body mass, and stature) were recorded and selected biomechanical angles were measured on the right side. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 12.3 ± 2.5 years; average body mass was 44.5 ± 13.7 kg. The average head load habitually carried was 8.0 ± 2.5 kg. The inter-rater reliability between the smartphone goniometry technology and manual goniometry was 0.9. Conclusion: The findings support the use of smartphone goniometry as a pragmatic method for assessing sagittal plane postural changes among rural South African youth who habitually head-load. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.

The relationship of the posterior cranial fossa with age and sex / Relación de la fosa craneal posterior con la edad y el sexo

SUMMARY: This paper determined the morphometric measurements of posterior cranial fossa using MRI in Turkish healthy population. Two hundred thirty one (231; 131 females and 100 males) subjects ranging from 20 up to 85 years were included in this study. Measurements of the posterior cranial fossa were taken from subjects having brain MRI in the Radiology Department, Adana, Turkey. Statistical analysis were done by SPSS 21.00 package programme. ANOVA Test and Chi-Square Test were used to determine the relation between measurements and age groups. The p<0.05 value was considered as significant. The overall means and standard deviations of the measurements were: Clivus length,31.10?5.45 mm; McRae line, 32.59?3.89 mm; Supraocciput length,41.99 ? 4.37 mm; Twining line, 79.23?5.53 mm; Posterior cranial fossa height, 66.76?5.06 mm; Cerebellum height, 55.17?5.29 mm; Clival angle, 125.59??6.57?; Cerebellar tentorium angle, 128.30??7.77? mm, Occipital protuberance angle, 93.27??8.02? and hindbrain vertical length, 50.56?3.47 mmin females, respectively, whereas the corresponding values were 32.43?5.99 mm; 32.85?3.77 mm; 42.46?4.68 mm; 80.95?5.94 mm; 69.70?4.67mm; 57.01?3.43 mm; 123.90??7.12? 128.80?8.33?; 95.35?9.19? and 52.71?3.33 mm in males, respectively. Significant difference was found in some parameters such as twining line, posterior cranial fossa height, cerebellum height and hindbrain vertical length between sex (p<0.05). Also, ages were divided into six groups as decades. Significant difference between six decades was also found in parameters including McRae line, twining line, posterior cranial fossa height, cerebellum height, clival angle, cerebellar tentorium angle, occipital tuberance angle and hindbrain vertical length (p<0.05). The posterior cranial fossa dimensions of healthy population provides important and useful knowledge in terms of comparison of abnormalities clinically, and data can be used as an anatomical landmark during surgery involving posterior cranial fossa.

RESUMEN: Se determinaron las medidas morfométricas de la fosa craneal posterior mediante resonancia magnética en una población turca. Se incluyeron doscientos treinta y un (231; 131 mujeres y 100 hombres) sujetos sanos con edades entre los 20 y los 85 años. Por medio de una resonancia magnética cerebral se tomaron medidas de la fosa craneal posterior de sujetos en el Departamento de Radiología de Adana, Turquía. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa de SPSS 21.00. Se utilizó la prueba ANOVA y la prueba de chi-cuadrado para determinar la relación entre las medidas y los grupos de edad. Se consideró significativo el valor de p <0,05. Las medias generales y las desviaciones estándar de las medidas en las mujeres fueron: longitud del clivus, 31,10 ? 5,45 mm; Línea McRae, 32,59 ? 3,89 mm; Longitud del supraoccipucio, 41,99 ? 4,37 mm; línea de Twining (desde el tubérculo selar hasta la confluencia de los senos), 79,23 ? 5,53 mm; Altura posterior de la fosa craneal, 66,76 ? 5,06 mm; Altura del cerebelo, 55,17 ? 5,29 mm; Ángulo clival, 125,59 ? ? 6,57 ?; Ángulo del tentorio cerebeloso, 128,30 ? ? 7,77 ? mm, Angulo de protuberancia occipital, 93,27 ? ? 8,02 ? y Longitud vertical del rombencéfalo, 50,56 ? 3,47 mm. En los hombres los valores obte- nidos fueron 32,43 ? 5,99 mm; 32,85 ? 3,77 mm; 42,46 ? 4,68 mm; 80,95 ? 5,94 mm; 69,70 ? 4,67 mm; 57,01 ? 3,43 mm; 123,90 ? ? 7,12 ? 128,80 ? 8,33 ?; 95,35 ? 9,19 ? y 52,71 ? 3,33 mm, respectivamente. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos (p <0,05) en algunos de los parámetros, como la línea de Twining, la altura de la fosa craneal posterior, la altura del cerebelo y la longitud vertical del rombencéfalo. También se encontró una diferencia significativa entre las edades de los individuos (división en seis décadas) en los parámetros que incluyen la línea de McRae, la línea de Twining, la altura de la fosa craneal posterior, la altura del cerebelo, el ángulo de clivación, el ángulo de la tienda del cerebelo, el ángulo de protuberancia occipital y la longitud vertical del rombencéfalo (p <0,05). La población estudiada nos proporciona información importante y útil en términos de comparación clínica de anomalías y los datos pueden eventualmente ser utilizados como un punto de referencia anatómico durante la cirugía que involucra la fosa craneal posterior.

Eficacia en el tiro de la pistola de aire bajo condiciones normales y de excitación / Eficiência de tiro com pistola de ar em condições normais e de excitação / Air pistol firing efficiency under normal and excitation conditions

RESUMEN El tiro es practicado en su mayoría por policías o militares. Ha llegado a ser un deporte olímpico donde se destaca la prueba de pistola con aire, la cual requiere una concentración mental extrema y precisión en sus movimientos para lograr efectividad en el disparo. En este trabajo, los autores se propusieron como objetivo identificar los datos cinemáticos del complejo brazo-arma en estado normal y de excitación durante la ejecución del tiro, considerando variables a la frecuencia cardíaca, la efectividad del disparo y los ángulos de las principales articulaciones (glecohumeral) que permiten la ejecución de la técnica. Como parte de la metodología, esta investigación se implementó en el polígono de tiro cerrado de la Escuela Superior Militar "Eloy Alfaro" y se analizaron a siete deportistas que conforman los equipos de Tiro de la Fuerza Terrestre y Aérea ecuatoriana. Se analizó la frecuencia cardíaca (en cuatro fases), la efectividad del disparo (en tres oportunidades) y el ángulo de la articulación glenohumeral en estado de reposo y en excitación, donde se realizaron las comparaciones pertinentes. Como resultados del estudio, se muestra que los valores medios de la frecuencia cardíaca fueron significativamente diferentes (p=0.001), al ser mayores en estado de excitación. La efectividad del disparo no establece diferencias significativas (p=0.620) entre estados, al igual que los ángulos de la articulación glenohumeral (p=0.209). Se concluye que no hay diferencias significativas en la efectividad de los disparos en excitación y en reposo, indicador de una buena preparación física, aunque hay menor efectividad del disparo en estado de excitación.

RESUMO O tiro é praticado principalmente pela polícia ou militares, tornou-se um desporto olímpico onde se destaca o exame da pistola de ar, o que requer uma concentração mental extrema e precisão nos seus movimentos para se conseguir eficácia no tiro. Neste trabalho, os autores visam identificar os dados cinemáticos do complexo braço-arma em estado normal e excitado durante a execução do tiro, considerando variáveis como o ritmo cardíaco, a eficácia do tiro e os ângulos das articulações principais (glecohumeral) que permitem a execução da técnica. Como parte da metodologia, esta pesquisa foi implementada na carreira de tiro fechado da Escola Superior Militar "Eloy Alfaro" e foram analisados sete atletas que compõem as equipas de tiro do Exército e da Força Aérea equatoriana. O ritmo cardíaco foi analisado (em quatro fases), a eficácia do tiro (em três oportunidades) e o ângulo da articulação glenoumeral em estado de repouso e em excitação, onde foram feitas as comparações correspondentes. Como resultados do estudo, mostra-se que os valores médios da frequência cardíaca eram significativamente diferentes (p=0,001), sendo mais elevados no estado excitado. A eficácia do tiro não estabelece diferenças significativas (p=0,620) entre estados físicos, bem como os ângulos de articulação glenoumeral (p=0,209). Conclui-se que não há diferenças significativas na eficácia de disparar em estado de excitação e em repouso, um indicador de boa preparação física, embora haja menos eficácia de disparar em estado de excitação.

ABSTRACT Shooting is practiced mostly by police or military, it has become an Olympic sport where the air pistol test stands out, which requires extreme mental concentration and precision in its movements to achieve effectiveness in the shot. In this work, the authors aim to identify the kinematic data of the arm-weapon complex in normal and excited state during the execution of the shot, considering variables such as heart rate, the effectiveness of the shot and the angles of the main joints (glecohumeral) that allow the execution of the technique. As part of the methodology, this research was implemented in the closed shooting range of the Escuela Superior Militar "Eloy Alfaro" and seven athletes that form the shooting teams of the Ecuadorian Army and Air Force were analyzed. The heart rate (in four phases), the effectiveness of the shot (in three opportunities) and the angle of the glenohumeral joint in resting and excited states were analyzed, where the pertinent comparisons were made. As results of the study, it is shown that the mean values of the heart rate were significantly different (p=0.001), being higher in the excited state. The effectiveness of the shot does not establish significant differences (p=0.620) between states, as well as the glenohumeral joint angles (p=0.209). It is concluded that there are no significant differences in the effectiveness of shooting in excitement and at rest, an indicator of good physical preparation, although there is less effectiveness of shooting in the excited state.

Digital three-dimensional morphology of cervical joint facet in 7-12-year-old children / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Lots of researches by domestic and foreign scholars have confirmed that the asymmetry of facet joint surface or the articular angles might cause the degeneration of the facet joints, and the articular spondylolisthesis. But most of the studies focus on the adult. It has been confirmed that the most common cause of the cervical disease, of the osteoarthritis, of the neurovascular compression or even the paralysis is the pathological changes of facet joint for people as they grow older. There are few studies on the facet joints in children. OBJECTIVE: To explore the cervical joint facet morphology development characteristics and age-related changes by collecting the CT scanning data of cervical vertebrae in children aged 7-12 years old, three-dimensional reconstruction and cervical facet joint morphology measurement and analysis. METHODS: Through collecting the data of multi-layers spiral CT scan of children in the First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital from September 2013 to September 2015, 99 cases of cervical structures were selected. Then DICOM format of original data were imported in Mimics software for three-dimensional reconstruction. Morphological measurement was conducted on the three-dimensional model. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Inner Mongolia Medical University on March 11, 2015, approval No. YKD2015049. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The length of children cervical joint facet was on a rise with age and a decreasing trend with ordinal number of vertebrae. (2) The width of children middle upper cervical joint facet showed “V” type. The width of children lower cervical joint facet increased with the increase of vertebral order. (3) The trend of distance between articular tubercles was “spike” shape. (4) The coronal angle of joint facet presented to be “V” shape. (5) The sagittal angle of joint facet was in inverted “V” shape. (6) In summary, there is no asymmetry of articular process in the morphological characteristics of cervical facet joints in 7-12-year-old children.

Gender Differences in Spinal Morphological Attributes among Young Adults: A Preliminary Study / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

There is limited information regarding gender differences in spinal morphological attributes among healthy young adultsalthough alterations have been reported to influence postural changes, mainly with forward-bending and extensionpostures. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine gender differences in spinal morphological attributes oflumbar extensor muscles that includes its muscle fibre angles, thickness, endurance and thoracolumbar curvature amongyoung adults. Nineteen male and 26 female healthy young adults (aged 21-24 years) matched for age, body mass indexand physical activity levels participated in this preliminary study. Fibre angles and thickness of lumbar extensor muscleswere examined using ultrasonography. Lumbar extensor muscle endurance and thoracolumbar curvatures were assessedusing Sorenson’s test and a flexible ruler respectively. Paired t-test showed a significant mean difference (p < 0.01)between the right and left fibre angles. However, no significant mean difference (p = 0.50) was found between the rightand left muscle thickness. Results of independent t-test showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) in muscle thicknessbetween males and females. No significant differences were shown in right fibre angle (p = 0.12), left fibre angle (p =0.89), muscle endurance (p = 0.46), thoracic curvature (p = 0.76) and lumbar curvature (p = 0.06) between genders.There were no gender differences in spinal morphological attributes except for lumbar extensor muscle thickness inyoung adults age between 21 to 24. This study data may be useful as an initial reference norm of spinal morphologicalattributes among young adults. Further studies may be required to examine the factors that may influence changes inspinal morphological attributes among healthy adults.