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Objective To evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of transvaginal appendectomy by endoscopy in canine models.Methods Six female dogs weighing between 12-15 kg underwent transvaginal appendectomy by endoscopy.A small incision at posterior fornix of the vagina was made endoscopically by a needle knife and then dilated by a balloon dilator.After the endoscope entered the peritoneal cavity,the appendicular artery was clipped and the appendix was dissociated,and then the free appendix was ligated by an endoloop near root and removed by snare cutting.The appendix was then removed through the vaginal port.Finally,the vaginal incision was closed by clipping and endolooping.Two weeks after the procedure,the animals were sacrificed for anatomic investigation.Results Endoscopic transvaginal appendectomy was successfully performed in all animals with a mean operating time of (94.2±41.8) min.Complicated bleeding occurred in 1 dog and rectal burn in another during the operation.All the experimental animals survived the post operative period for 2 weeks without any complications.Post mortem examination revealed that the wound and vaginal incision healed well.Conclusion Transvaginal appendectomy by endoscopy is safe and feasible in a canine model,while further study and progression of appropriate accessories are needed for future clinical use.
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Objective To explore changes of metabolites in APP/ PS1 double transgenie mice of Alzbeimer disease (AD) by 1H-MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and the application value of in early diagnosis of AD.Methods 1H-MRS was performed in 35 APP/PS1 transgenie mice of AD ( study group) and 20 wild type mice ( control group) at age of 3, 6 and 9 months using a 7.0 T MR system.Sub-peak areas of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (mI) and creatine (Cr) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were measured, and the NAA/Cr and mI/Cr ratios were calculated.The changes in pathology between the two groups were compared.Using the lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI) of the ml/Cr ratio and the upper limit of 95% CI of the NAA/Cr ratio of AD mice as the threshold, their influences on sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of various age groups of AD animals were compared.Comparison of the 1H-MRS indexes between study mice and wild type mice at each time point were conducted by a two-sample t test.Results The mean mI/Cr ratios of AD mice were 0.68± 0.03, 0.72± 0.04, and 0.77 ± 0.04 respectively at 3, 6 and 9 months of age; while they were 0.63 ± 0.04, 0.64 ± 0.03, and 0.64 ± 0.04 respoetively in control group, the difference was significant ( t = 2.814, 5.146, 14.437, P < 0.01 ).Compared with the control group, the mI/Cr ratio of the 3-month-old AD mice of the study group was significantly increased,and histological examination showed proliferation and activation of neuroglial cells in the cerebral cortex and hippoeampus.The mean NAA/Cr ratio were 1.17 ±0.08, 1.04 ±0.05, and 0.90 ±0.05 respectively at 3,6 and 9 months of age in study group, while they were 1.18 ±0.07, 1.16 ±0.07, and 1.18 ±0.08respectively in control group.There were no significant difference ( t = 0.752, P > 0.05 ) between the study group and control group at 3 months of age, and the NAA/Cr ratio decreased significantly only at 6 and 9 months of age ( t = - 8.514, - 5.646, P < 0.01 ).The immunohistochemical exam demonstrated the appearance of Aβ plaque.According to threshold of mI/Cr, the sensitivity of AD mice of 3, 6 and 9 months of age was 80% (28/35), 84% ( 26/31 ) and 85% ( 23/27 ), and the specificity was 85% ( 17/20 ),94% (17/18) and 100% ( 16/16), and the accuracy was 82% (45/55), 88% (43/49) and 91% (39/43),respectively.For NAA/Cr, the sensitivity of AD mice of 6 and 9 months of age was 84% (26/31) and 89% (24/27), and the specificity was 89% (16/18) and 100% (16/16), and the accuracy was 86% (42/49) and 93% (40/43), respectively.Conclusions NAA and mI are the most sensitive and specific markers for early assessment of AD, and change of mI is earlier than that of NAA.Quantitative analysis of mI may provide important clues for early diagnosis of AD.
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Objective To investigate the capillary blood volume (BV) changes in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits and the value of 256-slice detector computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging in evaluation.Methods A total of 40 healthy, adult white rabbits underwent either right hindlimb femoral artery excision combined femoral nerve denervation (combined modeling group, n = 10), simple femoral artery excision (iachemia group, n = 10), simple femoral nerve denervation (denervation group,n = 10), or simple femoral artery separation (sham-surgery group, n = 10).At 1,7, 14, 21, and 28 days following surgery, CT perfusion scanning (Philips Brilliance 256-row) was performed and CT perfusion images were processed using maximum-slope method with Function CT software on EBW workstation.The ratio of BV (rBV) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated in each group.At 14 and 28 days, following sacrifice, rabbit bilateral adductor was harvested for immunohistochemical staining.The ratio of microvessei density (rMVD) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated.The significance of the difference of rBV at each time point was assessed using analysis of variance of factorial design (2 ×2).Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between rBV and rMVD.Results After surgery, the 1st day rBV of combined modeling group, combined modeling group,denervation group and sham-surgery group is 0.31 ± 0.15 ( n = 6), 0.29 ± 0.12 (n = 6), 0.98 ± 0.08 ( n =6), 0.98 ± 0.07 ( n = 6) respectively.The 7th day following surgery rBV is 1.69 ± 0.45 ( n = 5 ), 1.63 ±0.43(n=6), 0.99 ±0.07(n =6), 1.00 ±0.08(n =6).The 14th day is respectively 1.58 ±0.18(n=5), 1.49 ±0.25(n =6), 0.94 ±0.08(n =6), 1.01 ±0.05(n =6).The 21th day is 1.42 ±0.41 (n=4),1.43 ±0.31(n=4), 0.94 ±0.05(n =5), 1.02 ±0.05(n =5),and the 28th day is 1.00 ±0.25(n=4),0.99 ±0.08(n=4), 0.92 ±0.09(n =5), 1.02 ±0.13(n=5).At each time point with exception of postoperative 28 days(F(A) =0.214,P>0.05), ischemia produced main effects on rBV(F(A) =274.268,30.044,65.787,18.886 ,P < 0.01 ), while simple denervation did not show main effects on each time point.Ischemia and denervation did not yield interaction effects on each time point, rMVD from each group supported above-mentioned changes.The correlation coefficient of rBV to rMVD was r = 0.862 ( P < 0.01 ).Conclusions BV in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits shows a dynamic change, and denervation does not obviously influence this process.256-slice detector CT perfusion imaging can be used to noninvasively and semi-quantitatively evaluate the dynamic changes of capillary bed in acute ischemie denervated hindlimb of rabbits.
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Objective To study the influence of traction on the blood circulation of femur head and its evaluation by DSA. Methods Using micro-catheter, transfemoral selective femoral circumflex arteriography in 22 healthy dogs was performed in unilateral hip before (Group A,n =22) and immediately (Group B,n=22) ,30( Group D,n =22) ,60(Group E,n=20) ,90( Group F,n = 10),120 (Group G,n=10) minutes during 2 kg skin hip traction, and immediately after traction removal (Group H,I,J,L and 0), and 30 minutes after traction removal with 60,90 and 120 minutes continuous traction(Group K,M and P),and 60 minutes after traction removal with 90 and 120 minutes continuous traction(Group N and Q). DSA was also performed immediately during 4 kg weight traction before continuous traction in 12 hips( Group C).Blood circulation of the femoral head was evaluated mainly by observing its perfusion and time of circulation. Femur head perfusion was assessed as good scoring 3,poor scoring 2 and extremely poor scoring 1. Femur head circulation time was assessed as normal scoring 3 .prolonged scoring 2 and remarkably prolonged scoring 1. Analysis of variance was employed for analysis of the angiographic findings between different groups.Results Good femoral head perfusion in Group A to Q was 22,0,0,0,0,0,0,22,22,1,18,0,0,8,0,0 and 1 hips respectively, poor one was 0,22,8,22,15,4,1,0,0,15,2,4,6,2,1,3 and 8 hips, respectively,extremely poor one was 0,0,4,0,5,6,9,0,0,4,0,6,4,0,9,7 and 1 hips, respectively; and normal femoral head blood circulation time was 22,0,0,0,0,0,0,22,22,1,18,0,0,8,0,0 and 1 hips, respectively, prolonged one was 0,22,9,22,15,4,2,0,0, 15,2,5,7,2,2,4 and 8 hips, respectively, remarkably prolonged one was 0,0,3,0,5,6,8,0,0,4,0,5,3,0,8,6 and 1 hips, respectively. F value of femoral head perfusion among group A and B,group B and C,group B,D,E,F and G,Group H,I,J,L and O,group K,M and P,Group N and Q was 437. 48,30. 25,29. 04,132. 69,143. 73,25.20, respectively, and their P value was all <0. 01. F value of femoral head circulation time among group A and B,group B and C,group B,D,E,F and G,Group H,I,J,L and O,group K,M and P,Group N and Q was 386. 26,31. 83,22.43,141. 94,119.69,21.68, respectively, and their P value was all < 0.01. Conclusions Traction could lead to ischemic response and circulation disorder of canine femoral head. The longer the traction time or the bigger the traction weight was, the poorer the femoral head perfusion and the longer the femoral head circulation time were, and the slower they recovered. DSA could directly reflect these changes in the femoral head with these angioarchitectural and hemodynamic indexes.
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Objective To explore the dynamic changes of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in spinal cord of goats with persistent compression injury. Methods Eighteen goats weighted 20--25 kg were divided into three groups with completely random design: A, B and C. A balloon catheter was inserted into the epidural space at C3-4 level via intervertabral foramen for each goat. The balloon was inflated by injection of variable volumes of saline in group A and B 10 days following operation. The volume of saline was 0. 3 ml in group A and 0. 2 ml in group B,respectively. The compression sustained for 40 days. Group C served as uncompressed control without injection of saline. The locomotor rating score was applied to each group. Conventional MRI and DTI were performed. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were measured. Histopathological assessments of the compressed spinal cord were performed 50 days following operation with light microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Results Before operation, the locomotor rating score was 5, the ADC value was ( 1.23 ± 0. 05 ) × 10-3 mm2/s and the FA value was (0. 72 ± 0. 05 ) each group. Of six goats in Group A, the locomotor rating score severely decreased and reached( 1.5±0. 4)on the 40 th day after compression. The ADC value at compression site decreased soon and reached the minimum (0. 75±0. 04) × 10-3mm2/s on the 5 th day after compression. Then the ADC value increased gradually, restored normal on the 10 th day or so, then became markedly higher than normal and reached( 1.61±0. 05) × 10-3mm2/s on the 40 th day. The FA value at compression site decreased soon, reached(0. 54±0. 04)on the 1st day, then decreased gradually and reached(0. 43 ± 0.05) on the 40 th day. It appeared high signal intensity on T2WI on the 10 th day. In Group B, the locomotor rating score was moderately decreased and reached(3.4±0. 5 )on the 40 th day. The ADC value at compression site decreased slightly firstly, reached( 1.08±0. 04) × 10-3mm2/s on the 1st day, restored normal on the 20 th day or so, then increased gradually, became higher than normal and reached ( 1.27 ± 0. 05) × 10-3mm2/s on the 40 th day. The FA value increased slightly firstly, reached (0. 78±0. 05 )on the 1st day, then decreased gradually, restored normal on the 15 th day or so, became lower than normal and reached(0. 67±0. 05) on the 40 th day. There was no abnormality on conventional MRI. In Group C, the locomotor rating score, ADC value and FA value remained unchanged. There was no abnormality on conventional MRI. There were dynamic changes over time of the ADC value and FA value in Group A and B, which was more marked in Group A than that in Group B ( repeated measurements analysis of variance, F=426. 7 for the ADC value and F =7895.2 for the FA value, P < 0. 01 ). Histopathologically, swelling and degeneration of axons and neurons as well as the disarrangement of myelin sheathes could be seen. The pathological changes were more marked in Group A than in Group B. In Group C, no abnormality could be seen. Conclusion There are dynamic changes of DTI in cervical spinal cord with compressive injury that correlated with the degree and duration of compression. The ADC value decreased firstly, restored normal and then increased. The FA value increased firstly, restored normal and then decreased in mild compression while solely decreased in serious compression.
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Objective To investigate the effect on the miemvnscular density(MVD)and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in VX2 tumor after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with endostatin.Methods The VX2 tumor model wag established.The rabbits bearing tunlor were randomly divided into three groups as the control group.TACE group and TACE combined with endostatin group.with 10 rabbits in each group.In the control group,normal saline was administered via the hepatic artery.In the TACE group,lipiodol(0.2 ml/kg)and ADM(2.g/kg)were administered.Lipiodol(0.2 ml/kg),ADM(2 mg/kg)and endostatin(2 mg/kg)were administered for each rabbit in the TACE combined with endostatin group.Seven days after operation,the rabbits were sacrificed and the tumors were removed.Immunohistochemistry wag performed to demonstrate the expression of VEGF and the MVD wag caleulated.The ANOVA wag used for statistics.Results The average absorbance values of VEGF were 0.130±0.038.0.200±0.049 and 0.120±0.047 respectively for the 3 groups.There was signiflcant difference among the three groups(F=9.42,P＜0.01).rnle expression of VEGF in the TACE group was the hiShest among the 3 groups.Compared with the otIler two groups,there had signifieant differences(q=4.93,5.63,P＜0.01).The average absorbance value of the TACE combined with endostatin group was lower than that of control group,but there was no significant difference between them(q=0.70,P＞0.05).The values of MVD were(80±17),(84±16)and(57±13)/HPF for the 3 groups respectivelv.There wag significant difference among them(F=8.70,P＜0.01).111e value of MVD in the TACE combined with endestatin group was the lowest, and there were significant differences when compared with the control group (q=4.63, P＜0.01) and the TACE group (q =5.48, P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the control group and the TACE group (q = 0.85, P ＞ 0.05) in MVD.Conclusion Compared with chemoembolization only, ehemoembolization combined with endostatin can significantly depress the expression of VEGF and decrease the angiogenesis of the tumor.The combined method has a beneficial effect on prognosis of hepatic tumor.
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OBJECTIVE To ensure all relative environmental indications achieving stabilization in both animal test region and breeding area in the barrier system by enhancing infection management in animal laboratory.METHODS Standard nosocomial infection management in the animal laboratory was taken strictly and adapted standard management and attendance to the clean-air system;constructed and perfected all the regulations and managements of the barrier facility,taken a series of sterilization measurement in SPF area,and performed standard operating procedure of the airflow,human-being flow,material flow and animal flow strictly.RESULTS Since the barrier system in animal laboratory had been built and used for more than two years,every monitor index including temperature,humidity,ventilation time,airflow velocity,pressure grade,falling bacteria,noises et al,had achieved national standards.CONCLUSIONS Powerful and effective management can guarantee environment keeping cleaning and animal quality standard in the barrier system.
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There is a need for suitable non-clinical teaching models in undergraduate medical education.This study was undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of using an animal model to teach surgical skills to medical students.Two gastrotomies were created in each pig, and then closed using stapled and hand-sewn techniques.Animals were sacrificed seven days later and the closures examined grossly and histologically.<BR>1) Medical students, as surgeons with minimal experience, are able to significantly reduce the time needed to perform closure of a gastrotomy in a porcine model using surgical staplers compared to a hand-sewn closure.<BR>2) Medical students can perform advanced abdominal surgery techniques with adequate instruction resulting in excellent surgical outcomes in a porcine model.<BR>3) The porcine model is a valuable tool to teach animal ethics as well as basic surgical techniques in the non-clinical environment and may help to increase interest among students in a surgical career.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of TLR4 signaling pathway in secretory otitis media of rats.METHODS Rats SOM models were made by infusing FS and LPS to the middle otocysts. The rats were killed separately at the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th,11th and13th day(5 rats each time). And then the expressions of TLR4, iNOS, IL-8mRNA of middle ear mucosae were detected. NF-?B was also detected through the method of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expressions of TLR4mRNA, iNOS and IL-8mRNA in middle ear mucosae of SOM group were significantly higher than that of control group. Immunohistochemistry method showed that the activation of NF-?B in middle ear mucosae was obviously increased in SOM. CONCLUSION The expression of TLR4 was obviously increased in SOM and it activates the NF-?B, promotes the expression of downstream IL-8. That maybe the mechanism which cause SOM.
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Objective To observe the effect of chronic variable stress on the forced swimming test of rats,and investigate its preliminary mechanism.Methods First a mark was given to each Wistar rat by forced swimming test.12 Wistar rats which had similar scores were selected and divided into control group and model group averagely.The behavior changes of rats were induced in the forced swimming test by chronic stress and the plasma cortisol level was analyzed through radioimmunoassay(RIA) methods.The changes of hippocampus CA3 structure were observed with microscope.Results Compared with control group,chronic variable stress increased immobility time,reduced climbing time evidently and enhanced the weight of adrenal gland and the level of plasma cortisol(P
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Objective To study the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus saponins (ASS) on organ blood flow and vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs.Methods The cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral vascular resistance(CVR),peripheral blood flow(PBF),peripheral vascular resistance(PVR),blood pressure(SDP and DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured using the MF-27 electromagnetic flowmeter.Results ASS(15 and 30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) augmented CBF and PBF,decreased CVR and PVR within 180 min and slowed down HR at 60-180 min.In addition,ASS(30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) could obviously reduce SBP and DBP.Conclusion Protective effect of ASS on experimental cerebral ischemia may be related to improving cerebral circulation and increasing cerebral blood supplyment.
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Objective To study the effects of methylmercury chloride(MMC) on protein kinase C(PKC) activities in rat developing cerebellum.Methods The animals in experimental groups were fed standard rat chow with(0.75 mg) MMC(ExpⅠ),1.5 mg MMC(ExpⅡ) and 3.0 mg MMC(ExpⅢ)respectively for 90 d before gestation to(30 d) post parturition.Cerebella of pups from each group on postnatal days(PND) 3,7,17,21 and 30 were dissected. All the samples were separated into cytosol and membrane subcellular fractions and assayed for PKC activity by the improved method from Takai′s.Results Membrane and cytosolic PKC activities of pups′ cerebella from certain experimental groups were significantly higher than those of corresponding control group,PKC activities of rats from ExpⅡ,ExpⅢ and PND 3,7,14 in ExpⅠwere significantly higher than those in control group((P
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Objective To investigate the effect of warfarin on the formation of renal calcium oxalate stones induced by 1% ethylence glycol (EG) and 3% ammonium chloride (NH 4Cl) in rats. Methods 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomized to three groups,the control group (A) being non-treated,the stone group (B) rats taken EG and NH 4Cl,and the warfarin group (C) taken warfarin in addition to EG and NH 4Cl.All rats were bred 4 weeks.The renal tissue calcium,the renal calcium oxalate crystallization,and the urinary calcium excretion and serum biochemical data were detected. Results No significant difference has been noted in 3 groups,although there is a tend that number of ranal calcium oxalate crystals in group C was more than that in group B. Conclusions The results denoted that warfarin had no significant effect on the calcium oxalate crystallization in rats.
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Objective To investigate the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) using As_2O_3 and Lipiodol on the growth and metastasis of the implanted hepatic tumor in rabbits and the correlation of metastasis with angiogenesis of the residual tumor.Methods Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and VX_2 carcinoma was implanted in the left lobes of the livers.Two weeks later,a catheter was inserted into the hepatic artery and infusion was performed via the hepatic artery using physiological saline(group A),Lipiodol(group B),ADM-Lipiodol(group C),and As_2O_3-Lipiodol(group D),respectively.One week after the treatment,the value of microvessel density (MVD)of tumors(samples got by biopsy)was examined by immunohistochemistry.Three weeks after the treatment,the volume and necrotic area of the implanted tumor were measured.The metastases in the liver, lungs and other organs were recorded.Results One week after the treatment,the value of MVD of the tumorswas(21.8?5.3),(23.4?3.9),(22.4?4.5),and(14.3?3.4)/400 power LM(F= 11.246,P=0.000).Three weeks after the treatment,the mean volume of the implanted tumor was (35.5?7.1),(21.2?8.3),(20.7?9.1),and(11.8?3.7)cm~3(F=21.203,P=0.0000)in groups A,B,C and D,respectively.There was significant difference between group D and group B(q= 4.398,P
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Objective To investigate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1H-MRS)findings and value on dog's brain contusion and laceration.Methods Models of focal brain contusion and laceration in 10 dogs were established through hitting on the right frontal-parietal lobe with a freely drop of 200g weight at 1.3 m height.Serial examinations(1 h,24 h,72 h,5 day,8 day and 14 day after trauma)were performed with conventional MRI and ~1H-MRS.NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho rates were analyzed with GE system 1.5 T scanner and relative software.After examination,all dogs were executed to death. Pathological study was performed at local brain contusion.Results 1 h and 24 h-post trauma,NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho were significantly reduced(NAA/Cr 0.843?0.214,0.862?0.204,contralateral ones 1.069?0.284,1.048?0.232,t=-7.227,-6.718,Cho/Cr 1.181?0.224,1.243?0.134,contralateral 1.415?0.305,1.455?0.159,t=-4.332,-4.489,NAA/Cho 0.701?0.147,0.536?0.136, contralateral 0.832?0.245,0.613?0.165,t=-2.652,-2.665.P＜0.05).Microscopy showed focal petechial hemorrhage and necrosis,neuron loss,neuraxonal swelling and small glial cell slightly hyperplasia.Five day post trauma,Cho/Cr was significantly elevated in comparison with contralateral ones (1.517?0.197,contralateral 1.387?0.214,t=3.758.P＜0.05).Pathologically,inflammatory was obvious,peri-angiitis,granula tissue and fibrosis were seen.8—14 day later,NAA/Cr was not significantly reduced(0.895?0.105,0.875?0.153,contralateral 0.989?0.169,0.990?0.173,t=-2.909, -2.471.P＞0.05),Cho/Cr was significantly increased(1.457?0.168,1.572?0.374,contralaterl 1.334?0.174,1.366?0.352,t=7.312,3.201.P＜0.05)Inflammatory and gila1 hyperplasia was more significant,granuloma were seen.Lipid and Lac peak were not seen at all stages.Conclusion MRS could be a methods to monitor neuron injury and repair,and dynamically to detect the metabolic changes of brain contusion and laceration,reflecting injury severity and provide theory data for early treatment and predicting long-term outcome after trauma.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF ?) on C6 glioma using 1?H MR spectroscopy, and to evaluate the practical value of 1?H MR spectroscopy in observing therapeutic effect Methods C6 cell mixed with low boiling point argarous were inoculated in caudate nuclear in 33 rats by using sterotatic method By using high magnetic field spectrometer, high resolution 1?H MR spectroscopy was carried at a 3 day interval until 15 days after treatment with TNF ? The relative choline containing compound (Cho),N acetyl aspartate (NAA),creatine (Cr), Cho/Cr,NAA /Cr,and NAA/Cho were analyzed with statistic method Results The Cho decreased obviously 3 days after TNF ? treatment( P
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Objective The research is to study the temperature rising situation in the thermochemotherapy process of the domestic dog through the hepatic artery, and the bearing ability of heart, liver, and kidney during the process, as well as the biochemical and histological change of the liver after the procedure. Methods A thermostated container of water bath and an infusion pump, both designed domestically, were adopted. Ten domestic dogs were divided into 2 groups of A and B with 5 dogs respectively. Through hepatic artery infusion for group A, glucose solution (GS) was administered at 43?C for 30 minutes, with the flowing rate of 30ml/min, in group B 5% GS at 45?C for 30 minutes, with the flowing rate of 40ml/min added with chemotherapy drug MMC(0.2mg/kg) was administered to 3 dogs and 5% GS with the same flowing rate added with CDDP(1mg/kg) into other 2 dogs. Results The temperature of anus and liver was 0.3～0.5?C and 0.5～1.0?C higher than before the procedure respectively, there was no significant rate changes of heart and respiration during and before the procedure. Four dogs were radiographied after 15 minutes' infusion, showing different degrees of hepatic artery dilation accompanied with relevant increase of infusion. Six dogs were radiographied after 30 minutes' infusion, 5 of them showed arterial contraction astescal on accompanied with relevant decrease of infusion. There appeared slight or moderate increase of aminopherase after the procedure, but in actually returned to normal within a week. Pathologically, there appeared no acute effect on heart, lung and kidney other than slight and reversible damage to hepatic tissue. Conclusions Healthy dogs can endure the chemotherapy treatment of infusion through hepatic arterial fistula at 43?C 45?C for 30 minutes.
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Objective To establish a stable and reproducible experimental method of dynamic CT perfusion imaging in measurements of perihematomal cerebral blood flow after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats, and to study its validation. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ICH groups and sham-operated groups. ICH was produced by microinjection of 40 ?l fresh autologous blood or saline into the right caudatum. Dynamic CT perfusion imaging in measurements of regional cerebral blood flow adjacent to hematomas was performed. Then, rats were sacrificed, and the TTC stain and histopathological examination were carried out. The ratios of side-to-side were measured at the regions around the hematomas by personal computer aided mapping. Results The gradient of perihematomal hypoperfusion was revealed by regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps in ICH groups. The alternation of rCBF around the hematomas were fluctuated, and rCBF reduction was most pronounced at 1 hour after ICH, then, the rCBF gradually returned, and returned to the peaks at 6 hours and 24 hours after ICH respectively. TTC stain did not show infarction around the hematoma. Histopathological study demonstrated there was a transitional zone between ICH and the normal brain tissue, and the astrocytic swelling and neuronal degeneration were observed in the peri-ICH regions. The inflammatory cell infiltration and capillaries hyperplasia were also seen around the ICH. Conclusion The method of dynamic CT perfusion imaging in measurements of perihematomal cerebral blood flow after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats is stable and accurate. Perfusion CT and its parameter analysis may play an increasing role in delineating the hypoperfusion around hematomas. The experimental method is suitable and validated to the study of secondly injury after ICH in vivo.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of antiangiogenesis on C6 glioma and to study the practical value of PWI in evaluating the early response of the tumor to the treatment.Methods C6 glioma cells were stereotactically implanted into SD rats intracranially.At the 15 day after tumor implantation,the recombinant human endostatin was administered or stereotactic radiosurgery was performed.Endostatin was injected subcutaneously at the dose of 5 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,and 20 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for 7 days.Stereotactic radiosurgery was given once with the central radiation dose of 25Gy.MR PWI was performed to measure relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) of the tumor and the normal brain before and 48 hours after treatment.Conventional MRI was performed to calculate tumor volume.Results The tumor volume was (429.0?36.7)mm 3,(305.7?32.8)mm 3,and (277.0?20.6)mm 3 in each endostatin treated group,and(390.0?33.8)mm 3 in SRS treated group,which were lower than that in control group(566.7?135.0)mm 3 (P=0.031).The rCBV in endostatin group was 1.57?0.12,1.30?0.12,and 1.24?0.08,respectively according to three different doses,which were lower than those before endostatin therapy with statistical significance (P
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Objective To select a kind of stent with better property and spread its clinical application. Methods Three kinds of stents including “Z” type stainless steel stent(SSS), mesh Ni Ti alloy stent(AS), and gild stent(GS) were placed into dogs′ vena cava. Angiography was performed 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 9 months after stent placements (according to the grouping time), then the animals were sacrificed to get the veins with stents for histopathology examinations (including macro pathology, microscope and scanning electron microscope). Data of displacement rate, expand rate, patency rate of stents, patency rate of tributary veins, endothelial thickness, and course of endothelialization were acquired to indicate stent application property. Measurement data were analyzed by analysis of variance and q test. Enumeration data were analyzed by ? 2 test. Ranked data were analyzed by Ridit analysis. Results The displacement rates of SSS, AS, and GS were 13 3%, 13 3%, and 7 7%, respectively(? 2=0 281, P =0 869); The incomplete expanding rates of SSS, AS, and GS were 6 7%, 46 7%, and 0.0% respectively. There was statistical difference(? 2=12 194, P 0 05); The patency rates of SSS, AS, and GS were 93 3%, 66 7%, and 84 6%, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the rates(? 2 =3 649, P =0 161). Endothelialization reached about 100% 4 weeks after the stents placements. Desquamating of GS plating layer was found 4 weeks after stent placement, surface erosion of SSS wire and AS wire was not found in 9 months. Conclusion Z type stainless steel stent has better anticoagulative capability, anticorrosive capability, and biocompatibility, and it is now an ideal intravenous stent.