Ingesta de alimentos de origen animal versus origen vegetal y riesgo cardiovascular / Intake of animal versus vegetable food and cardiovascular risk

Cardiovascular mortality has been associated with changes in lifestyle and food habits. The occidental diet has been characterized by high intake of animal fat and meat, and it is associated whit increased risk of type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, an increase in levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction, and presence of pro-thrombotic risk factors. We search the Pubmed database and other review references. Inclusion criteria were: papers published after 1999, randomized controled clinical studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews and methanalyses. Vegetarians groups show less cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than non-vegetarians. The evidence indicated that a decreasing intake of red meat, saturate fat, trans fat, and mainly processed meat, and an increase in the intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish, are associated with a better overall cardiovascular health and survival.

El aumento de la mortalidad cardiovascular en el último tiempo está fuertemente asociado a cambios en los hábitos de alimentación. La dieta occidental caracterizada por una alta ingesta de alimentos de origen animal, presenta mayor riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 (DM 2), hipertensión arterial (HTA), aumento de marcadores de disfunción endotelial y factores protrombóticos. La búsqueda se realizó en la biblioteca online Pubmed y en referencias de otras revisiones. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos de 1999 en adelante, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados-controlados, estudios caso-control, revisiones sistemáticas y meta análisis. En grupos con alto consumo de alimentos de origen vegetal se ha evidenciado una menor morbi-mortalidad cardiovascular, comparado con los grupos con alta ingesta de alimentos de origen animal. La evidencia apoya que la disminución en el consumo de carnes rojas, grasas saturadas y grasas trans, así como el aumento en el consumo de cereales integrales, frutas, vegetales y pescado, disminuye la morbi-mortalidad global y cardiovascular.

Dietary plant food and socioeconomic determinants of vitamin A status : study in rural lactating woman during crisis in Central Java.

For the Longer term food-based approaches for controlling vitamin A deficiency and its consequences, become increasingly important. A nutrition survailance system in Central-Java, Indonesia assessed vitamin A intake and serum retinol concentration of lactating women with a child ≤36 mo old during crisis. Median vitamin A intake was 319 RE/d and night blindness 0,34%. Serum retinol concentration (mean : 1,23 µmol/L) was related to vitamin A intake in a dose-concentration manner. The multiple logistic regression model for predicting the chance for a serum retinol concentration > observed median of the population (≥1,27 µ mol/L) included determinant factors, vitamin A intake from plant foods (OR [95% CI] per quartile, 1st : 1.00, 2nd: 1,63 [0,99-2,80], 3rd: 1,99 [1,58-2,99], and 4th: 2,62 [1,68-4,04], from, animal foods (1st and 2nd: 1,00. 3rd: 1,37 [0,89-2,09] and 4th: 2,86 [1,59-3,98] ). Homegardening (no 1,00, yes 1,88 [1,08-2,68] ) and woman’s education level (≤ primary school : 1,00 ≥ secondary school : 1,46 [1,00-2,16] ). Thus, although contributing 16 times more to total vitamin A intake plant foods were as important for vitamin A status as animal foods. Homegardening and woman’s education level seem to reflect longer-term consumption of plant and animal foods respectively.