ABSTRACT
El uso masivo de antibióticos en implantología, sin un respaldo científico adecuado y que justifique su uso, ha sido y es en la actualidad, un tema que debe ser analizado y discutido, así como la resistencia bacteriana asociada. Es por este motivo que se realiza una encuesta diagnóstica, dirigida a cirujano dentistas con formación en cirugía de implantes, pertenecientes a las ciudades de Antofagasta, Concepción y Temuco, con el objetivo de conocer la realidad local en relación a los prototocolos antibióticos utilizados en cirugía de implantes dentales.
The massive use of antibiotics in implant dentistry, without adequate scientific support that justify their use, has been and is currently, an issue that must be analyzed and discussed, and the associated bacterial resistance. For this reason it makes a diagnostic survey, aimed at dentists trained in implant surgery, belonging to the cities of Antofagasta, Concepción and Temuco, in order to know the local situation with regard to the antibiotics used in surgery protocols of dental implants.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Dental Implantation/adverse effects , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Amoxicillin/administration & dosage , Chile , Clinical Protocols , Cross-Sectional Studies , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Data Collection , Drug Administration ScheduleABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the common pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in children with lower respiratory tract infection,which guide how to use antibiotics and decrease the progress of drug resistance.Methods Nine hundred and ninety-seven cases of lower respiartory tract infection were analyzed retrospectively in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from Jan.2008to Dec.2010.The sputum samples were collected for routine bacterial cultivation.The antibiotic sentivity test were used for pathgen.Results The phelm cultivition amount is 997,bred and separated 498 bacteria of 425samples,the check rate is 42.73％.There were 151 Gram Positive Bacteria,which had a rate of 30.32％,and 321 Gram Negative Bacteria,which had a rate of 64.46％,and 26 fungi whose rate is 5.62％.The main bacteria was changed during the three years.There were significant differences in detection rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) and haemophilus parainfluenzae(HPI) during the three years.PA was declining while HPI was rising.There were no significant differences in detection rate of streptococcus pneumoniae( SP),staphylococcus aureus ( SA),escherichia coli( E.coli ),klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pn ),haemophilus influenzae ( HI ) and fungi.There were no significant differences in detection rate of PA between different age groups.With the increasing of age,the detection rate of SP,HI and HPI trended to rise,whereas the detection rate of SA,E.coli and K.pn trended todecline.The resistance phenotype of SA,E.coli and HPI in detection rate had significant difference in each year.SP and SA were most sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin.Ecoli and K.pn were most sensitive to carbapenems.HI and HPI were relatively sensitive to common antibiotics.Conclution In the past three years,the main pathogen in children with lower respiartory tract infection were Gram Negative Bacteria.Among the bacteria,SP and Ecoli was the most,followed by SA,HI,K.pn,and HPI.These bacteria had signifeicant difference in dectection rate between different age groups.SP and SA were most sensitive to vancomnycin and linezolid.E.coli and K.pn were most sensitive to carbapenems.HI and HPI were relatively sensitive to common antibiotics.So clinical doctors should use antibiotics based on the microorganism cultivation and sensitivity test m order to decrease the drugresistance strain.
ABSTRACT
Hoy en día la implantología se ha convertido en una excelente alternativa frente a la pérdida o ausencia de piezas dentarias. Todo procedimiento quirúrgico invasivo prevé una bacteremia en la cual un número limitado de especies bacterianas resultan comúnmente implicadas en infecciones post operatorias. Por esta razón, parece imperante definir protocolos a seguir en cuanto al uso correcto de profilaxis antibiótica, ya que, actualmente, mucho de lo que se decide realizar, no se basa en la evidencia científica, sino en las declaraciones anecdóticas de cada uno de los profesionales que las realizan.
Today implantology has become an excellent alternative to the loss or absence of teeth. Any invasive surgical procedure provides a bacteremia in a limited number of bacterial species are commonly involved in post-operative infections. For this reason, it seems to follow prevailing define protocols regarding the proper use of prophylactic antibiotics, currently, much of what is decided, not based on scientific evidence, but anecdotal statements from each of the professionals who perform them.